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Biomedical subjects

F Lhoste

Publications and source records attributed to F Lhoste.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Penicillin-induced encephalopathy].

Five cases of encephalopathy due to intravenous penicillin treatment (penicillin G sodium in 4 cases, oxacillin in 1) are reported in 5 uraemic patients. The first abnormalities noted were decreased consciousness and myoclonic jerks (3 cases), followed by seizures and coma (2 cases). Lumbar puncture and cerebral computed tomography gave normal results. Electroencephalograms showed diffuse sharp and slow activities over the brain areas. The diagnosis was confirmed by the high blood levels of the penicillins. Three patients recovered after discontinuation of the drugs; two patients died in status epilepticus and coma resistant to all treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Beta-adrenoceptor blockade and atrio-ventricular conduction in dogs. Role of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.

1 Atrio-ventricular conduction and its modifications induced by six beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and isoprenaline have been investigated in the anaesthetized dog using the extrastimulus technique and measuring atrial (AERP), nodal (NERP), global (GERP) effective refractory periods as well as global functional refractory period (GFRP). 2 When beta-adrenoceptor blockade was produced by (+/-)-propranolol (beta 1 + beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade) which is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) but has membrane stabilizing effects (MSE), sotalol (beta 1 + beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade, no ISA, no MSE) and atenolol (beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade, no ISA, no MSE), all parameters were significantly increased. When beta-adrenoceptor blockade was achieved with pindolol (beta 1 + beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade) and practolol (beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade) which have ISA but no MSE, all parameters remained unchanged, as was also the case with (+)-propranolol, which has MSE but neither ISA nor beta-adrenolytic properties. 3 Isoprenaline at high doses significantly reduced the refractory periods but when infusion was stopped, marked but reversible conduction depression was observed. 4 It thus appears that beta-adrenoceptor blockade but not MSE is responsible for the onset of atrial and AV-conduction impairment and that ISA affords protection against this impairment.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

[Human pharmacology of ceftriaxone (author's transl)].

The human pharmacology of ceftriaxone was studied in five healthy adult subjects receiving a 500 mg dose intravenously. Evolution of serum levels represents a two compartment open model; the distribution volumes, central and peripheric, were low (about 3 L); the elimination half-life was particularly long : 7.87 hours; the renal and serum clearances and low. These data are probably related to the high affinity of the drug for serum proteins (95 p. cent bound); they suggest once daily parenteral dosing.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The role of iatrogenic disease in admissions to intensive care.

We prospectively studied all patients admitted to a multidisciplinary intensive care unit to determine how many of their diseases were iatrogenic and, of these, what number were potentially avoidable. Of 325 patients admitted in the course of one year, 41 (12.6%) were hospitalized because of iatrogenic disease. Many of these patients had concomitant serious illnesses. Nevertheless, 19 patients (46.3%) were admitted with iatrogenic disease resulting from therapeutic or technical errors that were potentially avoidable. Iatrogenic disease was fatal in eight cases, life-threatening in 13, moderate in 20.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Long-acting nitrate compounds (author's transl)].

Initially reserved to patients with angina pectoris, nitrate compounds are now being proposed for the long-term treatment of chronic coronary disease and, primarily, of congestive heart failure. As these new indications require sustained therapeutic activity the answer has been sought in slowly metabolized derivatives and modified pharmaceutical preparations. Recently published data suggest that long-acting nitrate compounds are clinically effective. Comparisons, however, are difficult owing to different methods and dosage regimens and to the isolated character of too many case-reports.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1980

Erythromycin pharmacokinetics in man.

This study shows that high serum concentrations are reached after either ethylsuccinate or lactobionate erythromycin administration. But the short elimination half-life implies repetitive administration to obtain efficacy, the ideal being represented by continuous infusion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

[The pharmacokinetics of nalidixic acid administered parenterally. Towards rational use in severe infections (author's transl)].

Nalidixic acid is effective toward Gram negative infections but its short half-life and potential neurological toxicity explain that its parenteral use is hazardous. Interindividual variations of its pharmacokinetic parameters explain also the absolute necessity of a careful drug monitoring adapted to each patient. The study of plasma kinetics of a single dose of nalidixic acid injected by intravenous route, shows these metabolic variations. With this results, the predicted plasma drug concentrations show that classical dosage regimens are adapted only to a little number of patients. Advantages and inadequacies of a single daily intravenous infusion of nalidixic acid are next analysed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1978

[Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of naftidrofuryl capsules in man].

We have studied the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of naftidrofuryl in man. Two phases of diffusion have been observed, 11,0 +/- 2,6 respectively 26,5 +/- 3,61. This indicates that the drug is not extensively bound to tissues but mainly distributed throughout the extracellular space. The bioavailability of its oral form, gelatin capsules, is good, if in the same person the area under the plasma curves after oral administration is compared to the one after intravenous injection.

Biological Availability↗