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Biomedical subjects

F Lomeña

Publications and source records attributed to F Lomeña.

79 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychopathology and wisconsin card sorting test performance in young unmedicated schizophrenic patients.

The relationship between psychopathology and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance was evaluated in 25 unmedicated young acute schizophrenic female patients (14 neuroleptic-naive and 11 neuroleptic-free) and 15 female controls. The schizophrenic patients (especially the neuroleptic-free) performed more poorly than controls in the WCST. In addition, WCST impairment correlated with both negative and positive symptoms. The results suggest that the neuropsychological dysfunction in schizophrenia is present at the onset of the illness, and is neither secondary to previous neuroleptic treatment nor to chronicity of the illness.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The somatics of psyche: structural neuromorphometry of bipolar disorder.

Many neuroimaging investigations report structural differences in subjects with bipolar disorder; however, conflicting results are common in the limited number of available investigations. Thus, the structural correlates of bipolar disorders remain poorly understood. The authors reviewed the early investigations using computed tomography and examined gross structural differences, such as cerebral atrophy, ventricular enlargement, or cerebellar atrophy. Many of these investigations report significant differences in these features compared with controls, whereas others found no such differences. More recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations have employed increasingly sophisticated imaging and research methodologies, allowing for the quantitative examination of specific brain regions. Because neuropsychological and functional studies suggest abnormalities in frontal, temporal and subcortical regions, many investigators have focused their MRI neuromorphometric studies on these temporal limbic structures. However, the number of investigations examining each of these regions remains small, and conflicting results continue to be reported. It seems clear that for many brain regions, the structural changes from normal may be subtle, and that the differences in the reported studies may be due to differences in research methodologies between studies and across centers.

Amygdala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional neuroimaging of emotions and bipolar disorder].

In this review we comment the results of functional neuroimaging works of emotions on normal population and some parallelisms with the emotional changes of bipolar disorder correlated with their functional neuroimaging. Initially we refer the emotional ontogenetical development of human brain based on regional cerebral sanguineous flow evolution (FSC). Secondly we describe the differences of FSC between the externally generated emotions versus internally; between positive versus negative emotions and the correlation between FSC and some facial expressions. When FSC of bipolar disorder is compared with normal emotions on general population, we observe that temporal cortex, the prefrontal medial and insular anterior cortex, change their perfusion with the switch or the change of emotional expression. It is possible to determine if the findings obtained in samples of healthy subjects and bipolar patients converge in a dimensional model, or if on the contrary they support the categorical hypotheses, moving the emotional aspects to a second term on bipolar disorder.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Positron emission tomography (PET): application in urogenital system oncologic diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To review and discuss the applications of positron emission tomography (PET), with special reference to genitourinary tumors. METHODS: Our experience and the relevant literature on PET are reviewed. The principles and technical aspects of PET, the different parameters analyzed, its clinical indications, applications in genitourinary tumors and research are discussed. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Positron emission tomography (PET) permits visualization and determination in vivo of a number of tissue and organ physiologic and biomolecular parameters. PET is also used for biomedical research and is especially useful for research and development of new drugs, tumor biomolecular phenotyping and for monitoring gene therapy. It has also proved to be a useful non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique in the clinical setting with an excellent cost-effectiveness in cancer patients. Fluor-deoxyglucose-F18 or FDG is the only radiotracer with a clinical application. PET detects the intense tumor uptake of FDG due to the higher glycolytic index of tumor cells. The PET tomograms allow performing a complete study of the whole body in the same session. The clinical indications of FDG PET that are currently accepted and established are: diagnosis of benign versus malignant solitary lung nodule, pre-treatment study to determine the extent of non-small cell lung cancer, localization and re-staging of colorectal cancer recurrence, extent and post-treatment assessment of lymphomas and extent of recurrent malignant melanoma. The application of FDG PET in genitourinary cancer is controversial. It does not appear to be useful in the initial diagnosis of primary prostatic, bladder and kidney tumors. Its clinical yield appears to be better for localizing recurrence and re-staging patients with increased prostatic specific antigen (PSA) levels after treatment of a primary prostatic tumor. Furthermore, it can also be used to determine the extent of hypernephroma and malignant bladder tumor suspected to be metastatic at the initial diagnosis. In testicular germ cell tumors, FDG PET can be a very useful tool for pre-treatment staging and to evaluate post-treatment residual masses.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional neuroimaging of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia].

The neurobiological bases underlying the generation of auditory hallucinations, a distressing and paradigmatic symptom of schizophrenia, are still unknown in spite of in-depth phenomenological descriptions. This work aims to make a critical review of the latest published literature in recent years, focusing on functional neuroimaging studies (PET, SPECT, fMRI) of auditory hallucinations. Thus, the studies are classified according to whether they are sensory activation, trait and state. The two main hypotheses proposed to explain the phenomenon, external speech vs. subvocal or inner speech, are also explained. Finally, the latest unitary theory as well as the limitations the studies published are commented on. The need to continue investigating in this field, that is still underdeveloped, is posed in order to understand better the etiopathogenesis of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.

Brain↗