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Biomedical subjects

F M Calia

Publications and source records attributed to F M Calia.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

A double-blind study of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis in patients having transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate.

We studied 89 men undergoing transrectal prostatic biopsies to determine the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in preventing postoperative fever, bacteremia and bacteriuria. Of the patients who received placebo temperatures of 37.6C or more occurred in 18%, bacteremia in 70% and bacteriuria in 21%. Most cases of bacteremia were caused by anaerobic organisms and were asymptomatic. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole did not reduce the frequency of fever or bacteremia but did produce a significant reduction in bacteriuria (0 versus 21%, p equals 0.008).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis mimicking cancer--a reminder.

Tuberculous involvement of the gastrointestinal tract may be suspected in the presence of active pulmonary tuberculosis. This case demonstrates that tuberculous enteritis may develop in the absence of obvious pulmonary involvement. The diagnosis in such instances is established by a combination of roentgenographic studies and surgical exploration.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1977

Anaerobic bacteriuria in a male urologic outpatient population.

We screened 517 urine samples from male outpatients, many of whom had underlying urinary tract pathology, for anaerobic and aerobic bacteriuria. Of the 153 specimens containing greater than 10(5) bacteria per ml. 20% yielded anaerobes only and an additional 6% revealed mixed anaerobic and aerobic growth. Pyuria was found more frequently in samples containing anaerobic bacteriuria than in those containing no growth but not as frequently as when aerobic bacteria were present. The high counts of anaerobic bacteria in first-voided specimens compared to midstream and post-prostatic massage aliquots suggested a urethral source for most bacteria. However, suprapubic aspiration of bladder urine demonstrated the organism in 2 of 10 patients with high numbers of anaerobes and pyuria in voided samples.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1977

Pirbenicillin: comparison with carbenicillin and BL-P1654, alone and with gentamicin, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of pirbenicillin against 135 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were one-fourth of those required for carbenicillin but two times higher than those for BL-P1654. Increasing the inoculum size produced an adverse effect on the bactericidal activity for all three antibiotics. This was more apparent for pirbenicillin than for carbenicillin, but less than the effect on BL-P1654. When concentrations of antibiotics likely to be achieved clinically were used, gentamicin increased the inhibitory and bactericidal effects of all three semisynthetic penicillins for the majority of isolates. Strains highly resistant to the aminoglycoside antibiotic, however, were inhibited no more by the penicillin-gentamicin combinations than by the most effective of the antibiotics alone.

Carbenicillin↗
PubMed1976

False-positive rabbit ileal loop reactions attributed to Vibrio parahaemolyticus broth filtrates.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus broth filtrates have previously been shown to produce positive reactions in rabbit ileal loops only if concentrated 10-fold by lyophilization. This method of concentration produces solutions that contain greater than 20% NaCl. In the present study, however, concentrations of NaCl of greater than or equal to 4% induced positive responses in ileal loops, and desalting rendered previously reactive, concentrated broth filtrates negative. Therefore, enterotoxin was not demonstrated in our broth filtrates of V. parahaemolyticus, a finding which suggests that previous studies require further evaluation. Since most culture media contain 0.5% NaCl, it is important to determine and to control the NaCl content and the osmolality of all lyophilized concentrates tested in the ligated rabbit ileum.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Septic and crystalline joint disease. A simultaneous occurrence.

Bacteria and crystals were simultaneously recovered from the synovial fluid of two patients with acutely inflamed joints. The bacteria were initially identified on Gram stain and subsequently grown on supplemented peptone broth, and the crystals were readily identified by polarizing microscopy. Although cause-and-effect relationship between these two types of arthritis cannot be established, the need for thorough examination of synovial fluid is evident.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Bacteriologic flora of aspiration-induced pulmonary infections.

The role of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in the genesis of pneumonia or lung abscess in patients with historical, clinical, and radiologic findings suggestive of aspiration was compared to their role in similar patients without these findings. Bacterial specimens were obtained by transtracheal aspiration or thoracentesis. Anaerobes were isolated in 100% of the patients who were aspiration-prone as contrasted with only 20% of those who were not. Isolation of a single species or no growth was more common in the nonaspiration group, whereas multiple isolates were more common in the aspiration group. Patients with lung abscesses were treated with penicillin and all of them responded clinically, despite occasional recovery from the culture specimen of penicillin-resistant organisms. This suggests that lung abscess may be the result of a synergistic bacterial infection.

Haemophilus influenzae↗
PubMed1975

BL-P1654, ticarcillin, and carbenicillin: in vitro comparison alone and in combination with gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and BL-P1654 were determined for 89 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ticarcillin was generally twice as active and BL-P1654 eight to 16 times as active as carbenicillin. Usually carbenicillin and ticarcillin killed at the same concentration or twice the concentration needed to inhibit, whereas 400 mug of BL-P1654 per ml was not bactericidal for the majority of isolates tested. The inhibitory effect of all three drugs varied markedly with the size of bacterial inoculum. When therapeutically achievable concentrations were used, adding gentamicin enhanced the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of all three penicillin derivatives for the majority of isolates. However, inhibition of isolates highly resistant to gentamicin was not improved by combining the semisynthetic penicillins with gentamicin.

Carbenicillin↗
PubMed1975

Bacteremia in suckling rabbits after oral challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic marine enteropathogen, produces diarrhea in man after ingestion of contaminated seafood. Only strains capable of producing beta-hemolysis (Kanagawa-positive strains) are enteropathogenic. Yet the majority of marine isolants are nonhemolytic and Kanagawa negative. Studies were initiated in suckling rabbits in an attempt to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms. Fasting animals were infected orally with Kanagawa-positive and Kanagawa-negative strains of V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, two enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and strains of salmonellae. Seven hours postchallenge, cardiac blood, liver, and spleen cultures were obtained. V. parahaemolyticus strains failed to induce intestinal fluid accumulation during this study period. Bacteremia occurred in animals challenged with Kanagawa-positive V. parahaemolyticus, S. flexneri, and salmonella strains only. Animal passage increased the ability of V. parahaemolyticus to cause bacteremia. Liver and spleen cultures were positive in approximately 50% of animals challenged with the Kanagawa-positive strains of V. parphaemolyticus. The ability of this organism to penetrate the intestinal epithelium of suckling rabbits may represent a specific property that plays a role in pathogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parenteral prophylaxis against enterococcal endocarditis.

Three commonly used antibiotic regimens for the prevention of enterococcal endocarditis were administered parenterally to six healthy men in a crossover manner. The regimens included 1 gm of streptomycin intramuscularly (IM) in combination with (1) procaine penicillin 600,000 units plus aqueous penicillin G 200,000 units IM; or (2) ampicillin 25 mg/kg intravenously (IV); or (3) ampicillin 1 gm IM. The combinations containing ampicillin IM or IV with streptomycin produced bactericidal activity at dilutions of 1:2 or greater for the majority of the strains, whereas the penicillin-streptomycin regimen did not. All regimens were poorly bactericidal against three strains of enterococci which were highly resistant to streptomycin. These data suggest that ampicillin plus streptomycin is the preferred regimen for prophylaxis.

Ampicillin↗