[The exchange of correspondence between family practitioners and specialists].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F M Hull.
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The objective of this study was to determine the extent of medical students' experience of death and dying. A questionnaire was given to two groups of Birmingham medical students at the beginning of clinical studies (third year) and in the final year which was designed to estimate their experience of death and of dying people. The questionnaire also explored the students' attitudes to their own future deaths. Questionnaires were returned by 119 third-year and 143 final-year students. Students had little experience of death and what they did have was largely acquired before entry to medical school or in their social rather than medical lives. Where they did have experience of death this was often traumatic and there was little chance for them to have counselling about it. There is need for increased teaching about death and dying particularly before clinical training and at the time of graduation. Another time may be at the beginning of human dissection.
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A random sample of referral letters from general practitioners to outpatient departments of general medicine, dermatology, neurology, and gastroenterology at an Amsterdam teaching hospital were analysed together with the specialists' replies for 144 referrals. The pairs of letters were judged by a panel of four general practitioners and four specialists. Letters were assessed according to quality and content, clarity, request for return to general practitioner care, time intervals between referral and consultation and between consultation and the specialist's reply. The judges were also asked to assess whether in their opinion the letters were of value in teaching or were discourteous. Though in general intraobserver agreement on what constitutes a good letter was low, deficiencies were revealed in the quality of letters and there were delays in transmission and missed educational opportunities.
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In a small clinic in a deprived area of Amsterdam, a city with a high incidence of recreational drug use, sexually transmitted diseases and social problems, the association between drug use and disease was notable. Frequent presentation with sexually transmitted diseases, repeated trauma, unexplained recurrence of infections of the skin and respiratory tract, or severe dental caries may alert the physician to the possibility of recreational drug use and with it an increased possibility of HIV related illness. The group of drug users staying permanently in the city appeared to be ageing, without being replenished by youngsters. Very young drug users were mainly 'drug tourists' from neighbouring countries who were without medical insurance or money.
A group of general practitioners in active practice were asked to report how they preferred to manage the symptoms of vaginal discharge presented by a woman in her twenties. Subsequently the same practitioners reported their management of such patients in their practice.A shortfall was found for all practitioners between their declared intention and their actual practice.This method of analysis offers a way of working towards a consensus in clinical care and also of auditing medical performance in general practice.
Ten climbers were studied trekking from 1,950 to 4,650 m (6,500 ft to 15,500 ft) in the Nanda Devi Sanctuary of the Garwhal Himalaya. All developed altitude sickness, one seriously. Pulse, blood pressure, and peak flow rate were monitored daily in an attempt to predict the onset of altitude sickness. Prediction was uncertain though the one climber who became seriously cyanosed at 4,200 m (14,000 ft) had a consistently higher blood pressure than his colleagues.
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Among 1,041 women fitted with intra-uterine contraceptive devices during a period of 21,445 months there were 51 pregnancies: a rate of 2.9 per hundred women years. Pregnancy occurred most commonly in the young and nulliparous. The importance of the patient checking her device is stressed. Pregnancy occurs most commonly soon after fitting, but may occur at any time. In more than half the cases pregnancy occurred with the device in the uterus. Though most pregnancies were uterine there was a high incidence of ectopic pregnancies. Many pregnancies ended in vaginal delivery, but since the Abortion Act 1967 fewer probably now go to term.