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F M Reischies

Publications and source records attributed to F M Reischies.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Psychopathology and the analysis of therapeutic effects.

The different domains of psychopathological research are described. An example of taxonomies that may be relevant for therapy is given. For the apathy scale of the AMDP system it is demonstrated that there is an equivalent severity of this syndrome in acute paranoid hallucinatory schizophrenia and in unipolar depression. In schizophrenia the apathy syndrome may subsume some, if not all, of the negative symptoms, that cause major problems for therapy. A common pathophysiological factor for the syndrome in the two diseases is discussed. A systematic psychopathological approach to the identification of pathophysiological factors of drug effects and their involvement in psychiatric diseases, including experimental variables, is characterized.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of dementia in old age: clinical diagnoses in subjects aged 95 years and older.

Epidemiologic studies have consistently shown an exponential increase in the prevalence of dementia in the very old, but different standards of the investigators and the instruments, as well as the selection of the samples, limit the comparison of these studies. They usually include only a small number of participants aged 90 years and older. This investigation focuses on whether there is an exponential increase in the prevalence of dementia in people aged 90 years and older. The Berlin Aging Study (BASE) consists of a representative sample of elderly aged 70 to 105 years stratified by age and gender. Analyses of a BASE first sample (N = 156) with 52 participants aged 90 years and older showed an exponential increase in dementia from age 70 up to age 94 years, but the group aged 95 years and older (N = 26) showed a plateau near 45%, with no further increase in dementia prevalence.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Depressive syndromes in schizophrenic patients after discharge from hospital. ANI Study Group Berlin, Düsseldorf, Göttingen, Munich.

A total of 364 schizophrenic outpatients who were stabilized for 3 months on continuous neuroleptic therapy after discharge from the hospital were rated according to three different scales for depressive syndromes (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale anxious depression factor, AMDP/depression, and the self-rating PD-S depression scale). Between 19.5% and 27.5% of the patients were rated as depressed, or 35.7%-42.8%, when mild depressive syndromes were included. There were low, but significant correlations between demographic or life-event data and depression scores on the self-rating scale, whereas fewer correlations were found on the observer ratings. No associations were found between social adjustment and depression. Moderate correlations were found between measures of the apathetic syndrome and depression ratings, while observer ratings showed higher correlations than the self-rating. High depression scores, especially in the observer ratings, correlated with scales for global psychopathological assessment (CGI, GAS). There were significant correlations between extrapyramidal rigidity and observer rating depression scores, whereas the total amount of neuroleptics given had no influence. These results are interpreted on the basis of hypotheses about depressive syndromes in schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Percentile distribution of depression scales of the AMDP system].

The severity of the depressive and apathy syndrome, which are factoranalytically derived from the AMDP-system is reported for 428 patients with a monopolar depression. The data are compared with the results from 79 patients with a bipolar depression, 192 with a neurotic depression and 89 with a depressive reaction. The percentile scores can be used for the evaluation of the severity of a depressive and apathy syndrome in comparison to a reference sample.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Impaired performance in a saccadic tracking task in schizophrenic patients.

The performance of schizophrenic patients in a task which requires a sequence of saccades guided by visuospatial cues is reported. A previous study recording eye movements determined a highly increased number of fixations necessary for this task in acute schizophrenic patients compared with normal controls. The performance of normal control subjects of different age groups and the correlation between the performance in the tracking task and the results of a clinical psychological test battery are described. Schizophrenic patients in a partly remitted state and in a remitted or mildly chronic state performed this task worse than matched control subjects; this was particularly indicated by the time score. The relation to the lifetime dosage of neuroleptic medication is considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging findings in multiple sclerosis. Relation to disturbance of affect, drive, and cognition.

Forty-six patients with multiple sclerosis were rated with respect to their psychologic symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed. A significant correlation between the cerebral multiple sclerosis manifestations and the psychologic scores was found. The periventricular and frontal lesions seem to be the most important lesions for the psychologic symptoms of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Affect↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of attention deficit disorders in adulthood using psychostimulants and low-dose neuroleptics--a critical case report].

Psychiatric research and therapy recently evinced increasing interest in patients suffering from attention deficit disorder. "Attention deficit disorder" is a category of mental disorders listed in DSM III, with a separate diagnostic subgroup for attention deficit disorders persisting in adults who had been hyperkinetic in childhood ("attention deficit disorder-residual type"); however, this does not feature in a corresponding manner in the ICD 9 version. Since there are practically no therapy studies in existence within the ICD range that can be relevant for such disorders, we studied the treatment of an adult patient with the psychostimulant fenetylline under clinical conditions and found a significant improvement in attention performance. However, on integration in a long-term day-clinic rehabilitation programme we found that low-dose neuroleptic treatment was on the whole of greater benefit than fenetylline treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The investigation of dementia syndromes by 133Xenon dynamic single photon emission computed tomography.

The patterns of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease is compared with that of patients with dementia caused by multiple cerebral infarctions. A total of 47 patients were examined with 133Xenon SPECT. The results show that the global CBF correlates with the severity of dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease and that the two forms of dementia show two different patterns of disturbances.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Cortical SEP of early and intermediate latency following stimulation of the median and tibial nerves in disseminated encephalomyelitis--relation to findings in cerebral nuclear magnetic resonance tomography].

Cortical somatosensory evoked potentials following median and tibial nerve stimulation were compared with the findings in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in 23 patients with multiple sclerosis, 11 of whom presented with their first disease manifestation. Pathological SEP's were found in 55 percent of patients presenting with first manifestation and in 83 percent of those with a longer duration of illness. Except for one patient with spinal cord involvement only, in whom no cerebral lesions were seen, all patients showed periventricular lesions in NMR. Between 1 and 16 (4.7 +/- 3.5) non-periventricular isolated lesions were found per patient. Cortical SEP's are affected differently by lesions within the thalamocortical system: Plaques within the internal capsule may result in SEP-changes as seen in other causes of damage to this region. However, lesions in this strategic area may also remain clinically and electrophysiologically silent. Nevertheless, the size of the lesion seen in NMR is not relevant, as observed in one case of an extensive plaque within the centrum semiovale. Correlations between the lesions near the parietal cortex or within the parietal white matter and SEP-component alterations of intermediate latency (N55, N75) remained insignificant.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Noninvasive tomographic measurement of regional cerebral blood flow].

The measurement of the regional cerebral bloodflow by means of the dynamic single-photon-emission-computed tomography is a method of examination which is completely free of risk for the patient, causes no inconvenience and can be repeated whenever it seems necessary. This method gives a quantitative explanation for the distribution of the effective cerebral perfusion and can only be substituted by the very complicated positron-emission-computed tomography. As well as the exact assessment of the hemodynamic relevance of cerebral vascular disease, this method enables us to prove whether or not in various types of psychiatric disorders an interference in the regional perfusion exists. This method can also contribute to the clarification of pathogenic mechanisms, as well as to the nosological classification of specific psychopathological conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The symptom pattern variations of unipolar depression during life span: a cross-sectional study.

The psychopathological syndromes are analyzed for 436 patients suffering from a unipolar affective psychosis, depressed type, without any further psychiatric or somatic diagnosis, separately for the second to eighth decade of life. The intensity of the depressive syndrome, as well as the apathy syndrome according to the Manual for the Assessment and Documentation of Psychopathology (AMDP) system, does not decrease. The autonomic syndrome increases for the group in the involutional age, and the psycho-organic syndrome for the group in the old age. The analysis of special symptom patterns, as for the agitated behavior or symptoms of the psycho-organic syndrome, is presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of deterioration in mild cognitive disorder in old age--neuropsychological and neurochemical parameters of dementia diseases.

In normal senescence, an age-related impairment of cognitive function is observed. The difficult clinical question is in which cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will there be a rapid cognitive decline to a dementia syndrome. Two ways to improve prognosis are discussed: neuropsychological tests and analysis of neurochemical markers. First, the question is asked as to whether there are clusters of MCI. Longitudinal neuropsychological data from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) are presented, a population-based sample of 516 subjects aged 70 to 103 years. There are clusters found that in part match those clusters, which have been identified by a study from Ritchie et al. in 1996. Especially, a cluster of 13.8% of the nondemented participants with a decline in memory performance is observed. The validation of clusters of cognitive performance and decline opens up the possibility of diagnosing distinctive subgroups of MCI to improve prognosis in old age. Second, the existing data concerning the diagnostic laboratory analysis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reviewed. Especially, data regarding nerve growth factor (NGF) are reported. In MCI, preliminary data show a correlation between the NGF serum level and cognitive performance. It can be concluded that the combined investigation of neuropsychological functions and cognitive decline, as well as laboratory measurement of neurochemical markers, might allow an improved prognosis for mental health in very old age.

Aged↗