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F M Utter

Publications and source records attributed to F M Utter.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Genetic differentiation among natural European populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., from drainages of the Atlantic Ocean.

Previously published allelic frequencies at four polymorphic protein coding loci were used as a basis for examining genetic relationships among 19 European populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.--exclusive of Baltic drainages--from the Barents Sea to Spain. The data did not support a model of distinct ancestral (e.g. Boreal and Celtic) origins, but were consistent with all populations descending from a single ancestral group within this region with genetically diverged populations drawn together through limited local migrations.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

Chromosome banding in salmonid fishes: nucleolar organizer regions in Oncorhynchus.

Chromosome banding patterns obtained by silver staining and chromomycin a3 (CMA3) staining were analyzed in six species of Oncorhynchus: O. tshawytscha, O. kisutch, O. keta, O. nerka, and O. gorbuscha from North America and O. masou from Japan. Four different chromosomal locations of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were found in different species. In O. tshawytscha, O. kisutch, and O. masou the NORs comprised the entire short arms of one medium-sized acrocentric chromosome pair. In O. nerka the NORs were found in an interstitial band on the short arms of one submetacentric chromosome pair and in O. gorbuscha proximal to the centromere on one metacentric chromosome pair. In O. keta the NORs were found on the telomeres of one small submetacentric chromosome pair. As in the related genera Salmo and Salvelinus chromomycin A3 positive bands were found at the same sites as the AgNORs in all species. Salmonid fish are assumed to be ancestral tetraploids and the considerable differences in chromosome number between different species are thought to be the result of chromosomal fusions after tetraploidization. In all members of the genus Oncorhynchus the rearrangements have resulted in the consolidation of the NORs on a single chromosome pair. The possible significance of intra- and inter-species NOR polymorphisms is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Genetic basis of creatine kinase isozymes in skeletal muscle of salmonid fishes.

The genetic basis of isozyme phenotypes of creatine kinase (CK) from extracts of skeletal muscle of salmonids has been resolved through breeding data including double heterozygous crosses and backcrosses of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and backcrosses of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The two-three-, or four-banded phenotypes of homozygous individuals and all heterozygous and hybrid phenotypes of ten salmonid species are readily explained by the following model: (1) there are no detectable heterodimers either between allelic products at a single locus or between loci: (2) each allele is represented electrophoretically by two bands, presumably a reflection of stable posttranslational modification of a single polypeptide unit; (3) CK of salmonid muscle is encoded by two loci--CK-1 and CK-2. The distance separating the paired bands reflecting each allele provides a basis for two groupings--a broad-spaced group (including all species of Oncorhynchus tested excepting O. masou) and a narrow-spaced group (including all species of Salmo tested and O. masou). The relationships among species suggested by the relative mobilities and spacings of these CK bands are consistent with taxonomic schemes inferred from morphological, cytogenetic, and other isozymic data.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Electrophoretic variation in intertidal and subtidal organisms in Puget Sound, Washington.

This paper presents information on the biochemical properties (via starch gel electrophoresis) of 26 marine species (15 fish and 11 invertebrates). Evidence is presented on 48 polymorphisms found in the 26 species. Estimates of the proportion of the genome heterozygous per individual per species were calculated and ranged from 0.000 to 0.176 for the invertebrates and from 0.000 to 0.074 for the fish species. Estimates of the percentage of loci polymorphic per species for invertebrates were 0 to 54%; for the fish species, the range was 0 to 20%.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Population differences of aspartate aminotransferase and peptidase in the bay mussel Mytilus edulis.

This investigation has demonstrated considerable heterogeneity among populations and some heterogeneity within populations in the distribution of alleles at two variant loci of Mytilus edulis. Although the causes of this variation remain obscure, some speculations have been made on the basis of available data. A cline for aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) alleles has been observed on the Pacific Coast. An immigration model has been proposed to explain the atypical ecological and genetic characteristics of large mussels found on Amchitka Island, Alaska. Marked differences were found in the distribution of peptidase alleles among collections from Southern California, the North Pacific Ocean, and New Jersey. Deviations from random distribution of phenotypes observed in comparisons made between large and small mussels from the New Jersey collection may reflect selection operating on these loci in this population.

Alleles↗