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Biomedical subjects

F Marchetti

Publications and source records attributed to F Marchetti.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Functional outcome in handsewn versus stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Eighty-eight of 119 patients who underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis were evaluated. Forty patients had a handsewn anastomosis (Hs) with mucosectomy, and 48 had a stapled anastomosis (St). In each patient, we evaluated operative, morphologic, functional, and manometric features. The results in the Hs and St groups were similar when the anastomosis was within 1 cm of the dentate line. In particular, there was no correlation between the type of anastomosis and the number of bowel movements in a 24-hour period, the presence of the urge to defecate, and the use of antidiarrheal drugs. Leakage was significantly higher in the Hs group, even when the anastomosis was less than 1 cm from the dentate line. Pouchitis was more frequent in the Hs group, and, within this group, among those with a short distance between the anastomosis and the dentate line. No correlations were found between the presence of columnar epithelium or active colitis in the mucosa below the anastomosis, the functional outcomes, and the incidence of pouchitis.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1994

The influence of postovulatory ageing on the retardation of mouse oocyte maturation and chromosome segregation induced by vinblastine.

Certain compounds can induce ovulated metaphase I (MI) oocytes. To study if these MI oocytes can overcome this blockage, ICR mice were given human chorionic gonadotrophin and 0.6 mg/kg vinblastine sulfate (VBS). Their ovulated oocytes were collected at 17, 19, 21, 23 and 25 h later. The results showed that the frequencies of MI oocytes decreased, the proportions of diploid metaphase II (MII) oocytes increased and the frequencies of hyperploid MII oocytes did not significantly differ (P > 0.05) among the five harvest or postovulatory times. We also found that the proportions of MII oocytes exhibiting premature anaphase II and premature centromere separation increased with postovulatory ageing, and that these frequencies were consistently higher in controls than in the VBS groups. These findings indicate that some of the oocytes blocked in MI can overcome this inhibition and produce primarily diploid MII oocytes. The ultimate fate of ovulated MI and diploid oocytes on aneuploid production hinges upon the formation of a functioning meiotic spindle, which is affected by both dosage and the specific chemical.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1993

Investigation of aneuploidy induction in mouse oocytes following exposure to vinblastine-sulfate, pyrimethamine, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, or chloral hydrate.

The various causative and mechanistic phenomena associated with aneuploidy induction require considerable investigation to better understand the etiology of chromosome missegregation. We investigated the potential of vinblastine sulfate, pyrimethamine, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, and chloral hydrate to induce numerical and structural chromosome changes in female mouse germ cells. Superovulated ICR mice were administered the compounds either by intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage, and oocytes were collected and processed for cytogenetic analysis 17 hr later. Vinblastine sulfate, administered i.p., induced a significant increase in the frequency of ovulated MI oocytes and of hyperploid MII oocytes compared to controls, but did not increase the frequency of structural aberrations. Pyrimethamine, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, and chloral hydrate did not increase the frequency of numerical or structural chromosome changes in female mouse germ cells.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1993

First characterization in Italy of clinical isolates of mutans streptococci by using specific monoclonal antibodies.

The aim of this investigation was to gain further insight into the prevalence of different serotypes of mutans streptococci in the Italian population by using specific monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay. Isolates from dental plaque samples, collected from an adult population living in Pisa (Italy), were identified as mutans streptococci on the basis of their morphological and biochemical properties, and were then serotyped. The results show that 77.5% of the strains isolated belonged to serotype c or f (i.e., S. mutans), 15.9% were serotype e (i.e., S. mutans) and only two strains (1.4%) belonged to serotype g (i.e., S. sobrinus). These data are partially in agreement with other studies in Europe and in the U.S.A. The distribution pattern of the various serotypes turned out to be substantially similar among the different groups of patients, subdivided on the basis of their caries status, indicating that none of the serotypes was particularly associated with dental caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy. A report of the international co-operative drug use in pregnancy (DUP) study. Collaborative Group on Drug Use in Pregnancy (CGDUP).

Drug Use in Pregnancy (DUP) is an international epidemiological survey of drug use in pregnancy conducted from 1988 to 1990 in 148 maternity wards, representing the general delivery practices of 22 countries. Data on exposure of pregnant women to psychotropic drugs, the indications for their use and their correlation with maternal characteristics are reported. Of the 14,778 women interviewed, 520 (3.5%) reported 562 courses of psychotropic drugs. Benzodiazepines (BDZ) accounted for the greatest number of the exposures (444/520 women); neuroleptics and antidepressants were prescribed to tiny minorities of women (83 and 17 respectively), mostly in those few countries were the overall prevalence of use of those drugs was highest. Throughout the majority of the other countries, overall rates were in the low range and were rather heterogeneous. With the exception of small clusters of "unexpected" indications, prescriptions of BDZ were found to be consistent with the target symptoms of anxiety and insomnia; chronic use was reported in 31/444 women. The study was not targeted to the detection of malformations; no suspected clustering was found, however, among the 130 women exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The collaborative network now established provides a framework for periodically replicated surveillance to monitor the evolution of this field of knowledge and care in order to provide reliable information for women and society.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Redo pouches: salvaging of failed ileal pouch-anal anastomoses.

From October 1, 1984 to December 31, 1991 at the Clinica Chirurgica II of the University of Bologna, 140 patients submitted to ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Nineteen patients (13.5 percent) developed septic complications. Of these, 11 patients (7.8 percent) had pelvic sepsis. Eight patients required further surgical intervention. Five patients underwent the redo pouch procedure. Another redo pouch was performed in a patient who had previously, in another hospital, had an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis placed and then removed because of ischemic necrosis of the reservoir. No deaths are reported in the reoperated patients. Currently, five of the six patients who underwent the redo pouch procedure have a well-functioning ileoanal anastomosis. The redo pouch procedure should always be attempted prior to the establishment of pelvic fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Griseofulvin-induced aneuploidy and meiotic delay in mouse oocytes: effect of dose and harvest time.

The in vivo mouse oocyte assay provides a useful system for studying both structural and numerical cytogenetic abnormalities induced by chemicals in mammalian germ cells. As part of the development of this assay for investigating chemically-induced numerical chromosome changes, the experimental and biological variables that can influence the outcome of the assay are being determined. In this study, we investigated the effect of griseofulvin (GF) administered by oral gavage on the induction of meiotic delay as measured by ovulated metaphase I (MI) oocytes and the induction of aneuploidy in metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The results indicate that GE significantly increased the frequencies of oocytes blocked in MI and of hyperploid MII oocytes compared to controls. The biological fate of delayed MI oocytes was investigated by harvesting oocytes at different times post treatment. With increasing harvest times, the frequency of MI oocytes decreased and, unexpectedly, the frequency of hyperploid MII oocytes also decreased. This suggests that some MI oocytes can overcome the GF-induced meiotic block, form a normal meiotic spindle, and progress to metaphase II as normal MII oocytes. The significance of these findings for the design and interpretation of in vivo mouse oocyte studies is discussed.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1993

[Peroperative perfusion of fentanyl or sufentanil: plasma concentrations and postoperative respiratory changes].

This study was designed to assess postoperatively the time course of respiratory depression due to fentanyl (F) or sufentanil (S), as well as the plasma concentrations. Seventy patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery lasting more than 3 hours were randomly assigned to two groups, F (n = 8) or S (n = 9). Anaesthesia was induced with etomidate (0.3 mg.kg-1), droperidol (0.15 mg.kg-1), vercuronium (0.1 mg.kg-1), a loading dose of either F (10 micrograms.kg-1) or S (1 microgram.kg-1), and maintained with 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen, and an infusion of F (6 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) or S (0.6 microgram.kg-1.h-1). Mechanical ventilation was maintained postoperatively in the recovery room until the patient could be extubated. PetCO2, SpO2, fR and F and S plasma concentrations were assessed at the end of the opioid infusion, at extubation, every hour for the first 6 hours, and thereafter every 2 h for a further 10 and 18 h. Time to extubation was the same in both groups (301 +/- 141 and 307 +/- 148 min). At the time, plasma concentrations of F and S were 1.35 +/- 0.9 ng.ml-1 and 0.14 +/- 0.07 ng.ml-1 respectively. Secondary peaks in plasma concentration (78% mean increase in comparison to the previous figure) were observed in 6 patients in group F. No similar peaks occurred in group S. Mean elimination half-life was shorter with sufentanil (457 +/- 130 min) than with fentanyl (325 +/- 132 min) (not significant). The results of this study suggest that sufentanil results less frequently in postoperative secondary peaks than fentanyl.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Colo-anal anastomosis with colonic reservoir for cavernous hemangioma of the rectum.

The authors report on the clinical history of, and the therapeutic choices for, cavernous hemangioma of the rectum diagnosed in a 27-year-old male admitted for repeated episodes of rectal bleeding. The hemangioma extended to the dentate line and consequently the surgical challenge was to carry out a sphincter-saving procedure. The low resting pressure of the sphincter did not rule out the use of the colo-anal anastomosis procedure, but did require the construction of a pre-anastomotic colonic reservoir. The diagnostic problems and the therapeutic choices related to the salvaging of the sphincter are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

How reliable are currently available methods of measuring the anorectal angle?

A prospective study was undertaken to compare two different methods of measuring the anorectal angle (ARA), balloon proctography (BP) and cinedefecography (CD), as well as to evaluate the reproducibility of this measurement using each technique. One hundred four consecutive patients (75 women and 29 men) with constipation (63 patients), fecal incontinence (25 patients), or rectal pain (16 patients) underwent both BP and CD. The ARA was measured by taking lateral radiographs of the pelvis during rest (R), squeeze (S), and push (P). The same interpretation process was performed 2 to 12 months later by the same observer, blinded as to diagnosis and initial measurements. There were highly significant differences in each measurement category, R (P less than 0.0001), S (P less than 0.0001), and P (P less than 0.0004) between BP and CD. However, the correlation between the first and second measurements was excellent (P less than 0.0001). BP was consistently more difficult to interpret because of balloon configuration. Although BP and CD have poor correlation with each other, each examination can be reliably interpreted. CD appears to be a superior examination because of the added ability to delineate rectoceles, intussusceptions, and other structural defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Griseofulvin-induced aneuploidy and meiotic delay in female mouse germ cells. I. Cytogenetic analysis of metaphase II oocytes.

Griseofulvin (GF) was tested in female mouse germ cells for the induction of aneuploidy and meiotic arrest. Superovulated mice were orally treated with 200, 666, 1332 or 2000 mg/kg in olive oil at the time of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injection and were sacrificed 18 h later. A dose-dependent increase in the frequency of metaphase I (M I) arrested oocytes was observed (maximum of 70%). Aneuploidy was not significantly induced. Also, the kinetics of meiotic progression up to the metaphase II (M II) stage was studied in untreated mice in order to correlate the time of treatment with the time of the first meiotic division. The results demonstrate that the majority of cells was treated with GF approximately 8 h before the M I stage. A second series of experiments were performed to test GF effects at a different treatment time. Doses of 200, 666 or 2000 mg/kg were administered 2 h post HCG. As in the first series of experiments, the animals were sacrificed 18 h post HCG. The results, compared with those obtained in the first experimental series, showed an inverse trend for meiotic arrest and aneuploidy induction. The frequency of M I arrested oocytes dropped from a maximum of 70% to a maximum of 20%, while, at the latest treatment time, a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of hyperploid oocytes was observed up to 56% aberrant cells at 2000 mg/kg. Altogether the results suggest that the arrest of meiotic division and the induction of aneuploidy by GF are caused by interaction with different targets or different developmental stages of the same target. In conclusion, GF has been shown to induce aneuploidy during the first meiotic division in a dose-related manner, together with other effects such as polyploidy, developmental delay and meiotic arrest. Also, these findings demonstrate that the sensitivity of the oocyte target(s) may be restricted to a specific time period and that a correct experimental protocol is critical for assessing the aneugenic activity of a chemical.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1992

Griseofulvin-induced aneuploidy and meiotic delay in female mouse germ cells. II. Cytogenetic analysis of one-cell zygotes.

The effects of griseofulvin (GF) upon the first meiotic division of female mouse germ cells were evaluated by cytogenetic analysis of first-cleavage (1-Cl) zygotes. The present study is an extension of an investigation that began with the cytogenetic analysis of metaphase II (M II) oocytes. Different doses (200, 666, 1332, 2000 mg/kg) were tested by oral administration of GF to superovulated animals either at the time of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injection or 2 h post HCG. When GF was given at the time of HCG, significant dose-dependent increases of different types of cytogenetically abnormal cells were found. These included zygotes containing ostensibly female-derived M I or M II arrested chromosomes and polyploid zygotes. The total yields of these aberrations were 2.9, 4.3, 26.2, 60.6, and 64.1% for control, 200, 666, 1332, and 2000 mg/kg, respectively. The origin of these zygotes was attributed to the fertilization of oocytes that had been previously arrested at M I. No significant induction of hyperploidy was detected. Developmentally abnormal zygotes were still observed when GF was administered 2 h post HCG, although their frequencies were significantly lower than in the first series of experiments. The yields of developmentally abnormal zygotes were 49, 10.2, and 23.6% at 200, 666, and 2000 mg/kg. Additionally, a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of hyperploid zygotes was detected up to a maximum of 36.5% at 2000 mg/kg. These results confirm the cytogenetic observations from M II oocytes after GF treatment under the same experimental conditions; namely, a dramatic change in the oocyte target susceptibility to GF occurred within a short time period. Also, the present study demonstrated that most of GF-induced aneuploid oocytes were fertilized and reached first-cleavage metaphase.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1992

The effects of cisplatin on murine metaphase II oocytes.

This study was undertaken to determine if cisplatin can induce aneuploidy in murine oocytes treated prior to ovulation. Control animals were injected with intraperitoneal (ip) saline and the treatment animals were divided into three different dose schedules for ip cisplatin. After ovulation induction, the oocytes were processed for cytogenetic analysis and the chromosomes were counted. There were significantly less oocytes ovulated in the treatment groups when compared to control animals. There was a significant increase in hypohaploid cells counted in the 7.5 mg/kg treatment group, but the percentages of hyperhaploid and polyploid cells were not increased in the treatment groups. The cytogenetic effects of cisplatin in vivo and in vitro are reviewed.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1991

Neurophysiologic assessment of the anal sphincters.

One hundred twenty consecutive patients with either fecal incontinence (60 patients), chronic constipation (41 patients), or idiopathic intractable pelvic pain (19 patients) were prospectively assessed. Patients underwent concentric needle electromyography (EMG), bilateral pudendal nerve terminal motor latency evaluation, anorectal manometry, and cinedefecography. The most common EMG finding in patients with fecal incontinence was decreased recruitment of motor units with squeezing and polyphasic motor unit potentials; these are consistent with an injury pattern. The most common EMG finding in the constipated patients was paradoxical puborectalis contraction. This latter abnormality was also a frequent finding in patients with rectal pain, as was prolongation of pudendal nerve latency. Paradoxical puborectalis contraction was diagnosed more frequently with EMG than with cinedefecography. Inter-examination correlation was best in the incontinent group between EMG and manometry. Cinedefecography had poor correlation with EMG in all patient groups but was valuable in the detection of additional pathology such as rectoanal intussusception and anterior rectocele. Electromyography including pudendal nerve terminal motor latency assessment is a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of disorders of evacuation. The information it yields is complementary to that offered by more routine physiologic examinations.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1991

The role of sphincteroplasty for fecal incontinence reevaluated: a prospective physiologic and functional review.

Sixteen female patients (mean age 54.1 years; range 34-74 years) with a 9.8-year (range 1-25 years) history of incontinence to solid stool underwent overlapping sphincteroplasty with internal sphincter imbrication without fecal diversion. All patients were prospectively evaluated with preoperative anorectal manometry, electromyography, and pudendal nerve motor latency assessment, postoperative anorectal manometry, and preoperative and postoperative functional evaluation. Mean and maximal resting pressures increased from 30 mm Hg and 49 mm Hg preoperatively to 40 mm Hg and 57 mm Hg, respectively, postoperatively. Likewise, mean and maximal squeeze pressures increased from 27 mm Hg and 48 mm Hg preoperatively to 39 mm Hg and 73 mm Hg, respectively, postoperatively (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, anal canal high pressure zone length was increased by sphincteroplasty from a mean of 0.9 cm (range 0-3 cm) to a mean of 2.1 cm (range 1-4 cm). These objective physiologic improvements correlated well with subjective functional improvement. Subjectively, functional outcome was rated by patients as excellent in 38 percent, good in 38 percent, fair in 19 percent, and poor in only 5 percent of cases. Overlapping sphincteroplasty with internal sphincter imbrication improves both the anal sphincter physiologic profile and fecal continence.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Drug use in pregnancy: an overview of epidemiological (drug utilization) studies.

The need for further information on drug utilization patterns during pregnancy in different countries was assessed by reviewing literature obtained by hand and computer searches for the years 1960-1988. The 13 identified studies showed that pregnant women used an average of 4.7 drugs. The most commonly ingested medications were vitamins and iron preparations (almost all women), analgesics, antiemetics and antacids. However, the important variables taken into account differently in each study, such as date of surveillance, country, size of population, personal habits, and physiopathological and demographic characteristics, may it impossible to construct a comprehensive, detailed, up-to-date picture of drug utilization during pregnancy. The evaluation confirmed the need for systematic permanent surveillance of drug utilization in pregnancy, so as to avoid the use of data based on widely differing contexts, times and methods, in a field where knowledge is often derived from scanty information.

Drug Utilization↗