Biomedical subjects

F Menacker

Publications and source records attributed to F Menacker.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Trends in cesarean birth and vaginal birth after previous cesarean, 1991-99.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents trends in rates of cesarean delivery and rates of vaginal birth after previous cesarean (VBAC) delivery for 1991-99. Data for the United States showing trends by maternal age, race/ethnicity, and State are presented. Also trends in cesarean rates by selected maternal characteristics, medical risk factors, and complications of labor and/or delivery are shown. A brief explanation of the Healthy People 2010 objective regarding cesarean and VBAC rates for low-risk women is also included. Summary statistics for 2000 based on preliminary data are also included, but most tabular and text information is based on detailed final statistics for 1999. METHODS: Cesarean and VBAC rates were computed based on the information reported on birth certificates. RESULTS: The U.S. cesarean rate dropped 8 percent between 1991 and 1996 (from 22.6 to 20.7 per 100 births) but then increased 6 percent between 1996 and 1999 (to 22.0); preliminary data show that the rate increased again by 4 percent between 1999 and 2000 (to 22.9). The decline between 1991 and 1996 was present for women of all ages but was most pronounced for those under 30 years of age. The decline was greatest for non-Hispanic white women, 10 percent, compared with a 7-percent decline for Hispanic women and only a 1-percent decline for non-Hispanic black women. All groups experienced increases in cesarean rates of about 6 to 7 percent between 1996 and 1999. The increase in cesarean rates between 1996 and 1999 was greatest for women 30 years of age and over. The VBAC rate increased 33 percent between 1991 and 1996 (from 21.3 to 28.3 per 100 births to women with a previous cesarean) but then fell 17 percent between 1996 and 1999 (to 23.4). The dramatic increase in VBAC rates between 1991 and 1996, followed by the subsequent decline, was experienced by women of all ages and for each major race/ethnicity group. Similar trends in cesarean rates were present for nearly all States and for most medical risk factors and complications of labor and/or delivery.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Births: final data for 1999.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents 1999 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, tobacco and alcohol use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. METHODS: Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 3.96 million births that occurred in 1999 are presented. RESULTS: Overall birth and fertility rates changed less than 1 percent in 1999. Teenage birth rates fell 2 to 6 percent. The rate for women aged 20-24 years declined slightly, while rates for women in their late twenties and their thirties rose 2 to 3 percent each. The number of births to unmarried women, the birth rate, and the percent of births that were to unmarried women each rose 1 percent or less. Smoking by pregnant women overall dropped again, but rose among women aged 18-24 years. Improvements in prenatal care utilization continued. The cesarean delivery rate increased for the third year after declining for 7 consecutive years. The proportion of multiple births continued to rise; however, higher order multiple births (e.g., triplets, quadruplets) declined for the first time in over a decade, following increases of 13 percent per year during 1990-98. The percent low birthweight remained at 7.6 percent, while preterm births rose to 11.8 percent. These trends are in large part the result of increases in multiple births.

Adolescent↗