Biomedical subjects

F Nachreiner

Publications and source records attributed to F Nachreiner.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

The job demands-resources model of burnout.

The job demands-resources (JD-R) model proposes that working conditions can be categorized into 2 broad categories, job demands and job resources. that are differentially related to specific outcomes. A series of LISREL analyses using self-reports as well as observer ratings of the working conditions provided strong evidence for the JD-R model: Job demands are primarily related to the exhaustion component of burnout, whereas (lack of) job resources are primarily related to disengagement. Highly similar patterns were observed in each of 3 occupational groups: human services, industry, and transport (total N = 374). In addition, results confirmed the 2-factor structure (exhaustion and disengagement) of a new burnout instrument--the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory--and suggested that this structure is essentially invariant across occupational groups.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Flexible work hours, health and well-being in the European Union: preliminary data from a SALTSA project.

Demand for flexible work hours (FWH) is increasing in Europe aimed at increasing the number of production hours on one hand, and, on the other, reducing individual working hours and/or increasing autonomy and control on them. In view of the lack of knowledge of the effects of FWH on health and safety, we started a pilot project, funded by the Joint Programme for Working Life Research in Europe (SALTSA), aimed at: a) comparing the most relevant national legislation and how the EU Directive 93/104 "concerning certain aspects of working time" has been implemented in the member States; b) reporting prevalence and trend of FWH in Europe according to the three EU Surveys on Working Conditions carried out in the last decade; c) collecting practical examples of innovative FWH; d) evaluating their impact on health and safety in relation to work sectors, job demands, social life, aging and gender. Consequent actions are going to include information and consultancy for pertinent authorities and social parties involved, as well as training programmes for Union officials and similar groups concerning the organisation of FWH according to ergonomic principles.

Choice Behavior↗

PubMed2001

Time on task effects on safety.

Reviewing the literature on time on task effects on safety shows contradictory evidence, especially with regard to 12 h shifts. It is argued that this might depend on methodological problems associated with the analysis of accident data, e.g. selectivity of samples, validity of data bases and study designs, especially for analyses at the company level. Analyses of aggregated data seem to indicate an exponential increase of accident risk with time on task beyond the normal working day. This is supported by some recent studies based on data from the Federal Republic of Germany.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed2000

A model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses.

This study, among 109 German nurses, tested a theoretically derived model of burnout and overall life satisfaction. The model discriminates between two conceptually different categories of working conditions, namely job demands and job resources. It was hypothesized that: (1) job demands, such as demanding contacts with patients and time pressure, are most predictive of exhaustion; (2) job resources, such as (poor) rewards and (lack of) participation in decision making, are most predictive of disengagement from work; and (3) job demands and job resources have an indirect impact on nurses' life satisfaction, through the experience of burnout (i.e., exhaustion and disengagement). A model including each of these relationships was tested simultaneously with structural equations modelling. Results confirm the strong effects of job demands and job resources on exhaustion and disengagement respectively, and the mediating role of burnout between the working conditions and life satisfaction. These findings contribute to existing knowledge about antecedents and consequences of occupational burnout, and provide guidelines for interventions aimed at preventing or reducing burnout among nurses.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

International standards on mental work-load--the ISO 10,075 series.

After a short review of the history and an introduction into the background of standardization in the field of mental work-load an overview over the ISO 10,075 series of standards on ergonomic principles related to mental work-load is given. The review also presents relationships of these standards with some other ergonomic standards and some of the problems associated with standardization in the field of mental work-load. The stress-strain model, the concepts and the terminology used in ISO 10,075 are presented in the overview, together with the basic ideas and the frame of reference of the design guidelines provided by ISO 10,075-2. An outline of the state of discussion and possible developments of a working draft for ISO 10,075-3 on diagnostic methods concludes the presentation of the international standards on mental work-load.

Burnout, Professional↗

PubMed1998

Individual and social determinants of shiftwork tolerance.

This paper reviews evidence published on individual and social determinants of shiftwork tolerance since 1993. In agreement with earlier reviews, individual differences show only some low and inconsistent concurrent covariation with shiftwork tolerance, and no predictive power for these measures has been found. It is thus not possible to predict future shiftwork tolerance from individual differences. Social conditions are also related to shiftwork tolerance, although again predictive power has not been demonstrated. An examination of the reasons for this state of the art suggested means of improving the relevance and usability of future research in this area.

Circadian Rhythm↗

PubMed1998

Accident risk as a function of hour at work and time of day as determined from accident data and exposure models for the German working population.

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies indicate that accident risk may be a function of hour at work and time of day. Further evidence was sought for these assumptions, along with the answer to the question of whether the risk of accident can be conceived as an interaction between hours at work and time of day. METHODS: Data on more than 1.2 million accidents for the year 1994 were provided, all listed according to the time of day and hour at work. Since information about how long each day and at what time of day people work is not available in Germany, different exposure models had to be estimated. For estimating the risk of having an accident relative accident risks were calculated from the ratio of accident frequencies to the exposure data. RESULTS: An exponentially increasing accident risk was observed beyond the 9th hour at work. The relative accident risks differed considerably according to the respective exposure model with regard to time of day. A highly significant interaction effect was found for hour at work by time of day, the percentage of accidents at different hours at work varying according to the particular time of day when work is started. For the 3 "traditional" shiftwork starting times, it was shown that, with later starting times, the relative accident risk increased dramatically beyond the 8th hour at work. CONCLUSIONS: Since the results clearly indicate that there are time-related effects on occupational accident risk, more detailed analyses are called for. More elaborated exposure models should be used to assess the efficiency of work schedules with extended workhours, especially under shiftwork conditions. The results also indicate the necessity of recording and providing adequate data bases for such analyses.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1997

Structural Properties of Shift Schedules, Employment of Partners, and Their Effects on Workers' Family and Leisure Activities.

To answer the question whether different properties of workers' shift schedules lead to different psychosocial impairments in different domains, depending on the rigidity of the time schedules imposed by other members of the family, analyses of variance were computed with the employment of the partner (as an example of the restrictions on the time schedule imposed by family members), the presence of children at home, and selected characteristics of the shift schedule as independent variables. The sample consisted of 931 male members of the German police force, with subsamples according to the presence or absence of children and types of partners' employment. The questionnaire data support the hypothesis that characteristics of shift schedules interact with restrictions imposed by the time schedules of other family members in affecting social impairment. Without employment of the partner and the presence of children at home, greater flexibility allows the shift worker to make better use of his hours off work for interaction with his partner or to participate in interest-representation groups, even if the shift system involves compressed working hours or late changeover times on night shift. Consequences for research and for construction of shift schedules are discussed.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1995

Standards for ergonomics principles relating to the design of work systems and to mental workload.

Starting with some recent developments in standardization in the field of ergonomics principles relating to the design of work systems, an overview is given on standards and ongoing activities in this field, pointing to problems and perspectives, especially in the context of the activities of the different standardization committees. Existing international standards relating to mental workload are described, together with possible future developments in this area.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1988

Common free time of family members under different shift systems.

The amount and the chronological position of common free time of fathers under different shift systems with their children of different ages is analysed for reasons for explaining deficiencies in the school career of children of shiftworking fathers. It is shown that the amount of common free time is interactively determined by the particular form of the fathers' shift schedules and the timetables of their children. Shiftworkers have smaller amounts of common free time at their disposal for contacts with schoolgoing children than dayworkers, but within the group of shiftworkers the amount of common free time explains only a small proportion of the variance in the shiftworkers, evaluations of their interpersonal relations to their children.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in the structure of health complaints as related to shiftwork exposure.

Factor analyses of health complaints in groups with different length of shiftwork exposure show that the structure of these complaints changes with increasing shift experience, indicating the emergence of a shift-specific pattern of health complaints. After about 15 years of shiftwork, complaints related to disturbances of circadian-controlled functions can be found in the first factor whereas other complaints have their dominant loadings on a separate factor, representing general, non-shift-specific impairments. The results indicate that in this way shift-specific components of health impairment can be separated from other non-shift related components.

Adult↗