Tetracycline compound placement to prevent dry socket.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
F O Oginni
Publications and source records attributed to F O Oginni.
A survey of temporomandibular joint dislocation: aetiology, demographics, risk factors and management in 96 Nigerian cases.
A retrospective study of 96 cases of temporomandibular joint dislocation was undertaken. Patients' ages ranged from 9 to 85 years (mean+/-SD, 35.3+/-17.4 years) and peak incidence was at 20-29 years. Mean duration was 7.9 weeks (range, 1h to 3 years). Acute, chronic and recurrent dislocations were seen in 46 (47.9%), 29 (30.2%) and 21 (21.9%) patients, respectively. Males dominated in all three categories but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.8). Excessive mouth opening while yawning (44 cases) was the commonest cause of dislocation, followed by road traffic accidents (13 cases). Ten patients (10.4%) had an underlying systemic disease, the commonest being epilepsy (four cases); those with acute dislocation recorded the highest incidence of underlying illness. Bilateral anterior (86 cases) dislocations were the most frequent. Of the 96 patients, 89 (92.7%) were available for treatment. Manual reduction with or without anaesthesia proved effective for 38/45 acute, 5/24 chronic and 14/20 recurrent cases. Chronic dislocations were treated mainly by surgical osteotomy (13/24). Vertical subsigmoid and oblique ramus osteotomies were the commonest surgical techniques recorded. Treatment was satisfactory for all patients surgically handled except for one case of anterior open bite postoperatively. This study has shown that excessive mouth opening while yawning is the commonest cause of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Nigerians, and conservative approaches to management remain quite effective irrespective of the duration and clinical subtype. The best choice of surgical technique should be determined by proper clinical evaluation and the need to avoid or minimize postoperative morbidity.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Comparative study of the therapeutic effect of a systemic analgesic and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on post-IMF trismus and pain in Nigerian patients.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the therapeutic effect of paracetamol and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), on post-Intermaxillary Fixation (IMF) trismus, and pain in some Nigerian patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients treated for mandibular fractures with IMF were randomly selected into two groups of ten patients each. After the release of IMF, they were started on jaw exercises with the aid of wooden spatulae to overcome trismus due to muscle spasm. Patients in Group I underwent jaw exercises before and after TENS therapy which lasted for 30 minutes while those in Group II had jaw exercises before and 30 minutes after ingestion of 100 mg of paracetamol. Their inter-incisal distances were recorded pre and post intervention. RESULTS: Analysis of the data showed that for both therapeutic interventions, there was an appreciable gain in mouth-opening which was more prominent for patients with unusual difficulty in mouth-opening initially. However, a comparison between the mean improvements produced by TENS and analgesic revealed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Both the TENS therapy and paracetamol provided similarly appreciable differences in inter-incisal distances (mouth-opening) after their applications.
Acetaminophen↗
A clinical evaluation of dry socket in a Nigerian teaching hospital.
PURPOSE: We sought to determine the incidence of dry socket in a Nigerian teaching hospital and to evaluate the patients' demographic pattern, predisposing factors, the treatment given, and treatment outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of records of dental extractions complicated by dry socket in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, between January 1996 and December 2000 was undertaken. Information retrieved included patient sociodemographic data, indications for extraction, tooth extracted, status of attending surgeon, onset of symptoms, relevant findings of the examining clinician, interval before presentation, treatment given, and its outcome. RESULTS: Of the 3,319 dental extractions performed in 3,008 patients, 136 (4.1%) were complicated by dry socket. The patients' mean age was 33.4 (15.4) years and a peak age incidence of 21 to 30 years was found. A slight female preponderance (1.4:1) was observed. The majority of patients were in the low-income group, and presentation in the hospital was prompt in the high-income group. Mandibular teeth were affected 3 times more than maxillary teeth (P =.00080). Most cases of dry socket resulted from extractions performed by undergraduates and house officers. Various underlying systemic conditions were found in 11.0% of cases, none of which included use of oral contraceptives. Treatment was usually the use of zinc oxide eugenol dressing in an irrigated socket, combined with antibiotic therapy in 45.3% of cases. No adverse reaction to zinc oxide eugenol was observed. CONCLUSION: The incidence of dry socket in our hospital is 4.1%. The mandible was involved 3 times more than the maxilla. With the use of zinc oxide eugenol dressing, 70.6% of patients completed treatment satisfactorily and 29.2% were lost to follow-up.
Adult↗
Ameloblastic carcinoma of the jaws. A report of three Nigerian cases.
Ameloblastic carcinoma is an exceptionally rare and aggressive orofacial neoplasm that belongs to a family of malignant epithelial odontogenic tumours. The aetiology remains largely unknown, however most cases are presumed to have arisen de novo, with few of them presenting following malignant transformation of ameloblastoma. We report our experience with three rare cases of ameloblastic carcinoma seen in Nigerians. This is an addition to the sparse literature and to our knowledge; there has been no such report from sub-Saharan Africa.
Adult↗
Pattern of soft tissue injuries to the oro-facial region in Nigerian children attending a teaching hospital.
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the aetiological factors and pattern of oro-facial soft tissue injuries among children in a suburban Nigerian population. The problems encountered in the management of the patients are also highlighted. SETTING: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria. SAMPLE AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out in children aged < or = 15 years who presented with oro-facial soft tissue injuries between July 1996 and December 1997. Data was collected from a clinical examination of the child and a questionnaire completed by the parent or carer. RESULTS: During the study period, 174 children were managed for oro-facial soft tissue injuries, an incidence of 1.1%, out of a total of 15 582 child admissions. A male preponderance was found (1 : 0.74). The mean age +/- SD was 7.3 +/- 4.2 years and the range was 9 months-15 years. Falls were the most common aetiology followed by road traffic accident. The forehead was the most frequently injured site. A mortality of 3.4% was found. Although animal bites and burns accounted for only 13.8% of all injuries, all the deaths were a result of these aetiologies. Road traffic accidents and burn victims had the longest hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Although falls and road traffic accidents are frequent causes of oro-facial soft tissue injuries, less common causes, like burns and dog bites are more likely to result in death.
Accidental Falls↗
Facial dog bites in Southwestern Nigerian children: an analysis of eight cases.
This paper analyses the prevalence, pattern and treatment outcome of eight cases of facial dog bite in Nigerian children seen and managed at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital's Complex, a tertiary hospital located in Southwestern Nigeria. During the study period of 18 months (July 1996-December 1997), a total of 174 cases of facial soft tissue injuries in children were managed, two of which resulted in rabies and death of the patients. Based on the findings of this analysis, we suggest that unprovoked facial dog bites inflicted by familiar domestic dogs may be complicated by rabies. Ignorance about the risk of uncompleted treatment, financial constraints and scarcity of the vaccine may be implicated in the outcome. The need to improve community knowledge of rabies and the availability and affordability of rabies vaccine are highlighted.
Animals↗
Postoperative complaints following impacted mandibular third molar surgery in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
An investigation into the pattern of complaints lodged by patients after impacted mandibular third molar surgery was done in a Nigerian teaching hospital over a period of 3 years. One hundred and twenty seven records were retrieved. Pericoronitis (71.2%), pulpitis (17.6%) and periodontitis (11.2%) were the reasons for surgery. No third molar surgery was done for prophylactic or orthodontic reasons. Sixty-one complaints were lodged by 49 (38.6%) patients on day 1, and 37 complaints by 35 patients on day 7. These complaints were verified by the findings of the examining clinician. Pain, swelling and trismus were the commonest complaints. A significant association (P = 0.042) was found between patients' complaints on the first postoperative day and the drug combination given. Similarly, there was a significant relationship (P = 0.0055) between the type of analgesics prescribed and the presence of postoperative pain. No significant relationship was however found between the complaints and patients' age, indication for extraction, impaction type and method of impacted tooth removal. Although the findings of this retrospective study are limited in their comparability, they suggest the need for an appraisal of pain management in patients undergoing mandibular third molar surgery in our hospital. Consequently, there should be a reduction in complaint rate thereby making selective review appointment on the first postoperative day feasible.
Acetaminophen↗
Patients' attitudes to wearing of gloves by dentists in Nigeria.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient's attitudes to the use of gloves by dentists. DESIGN: This consisted of a four-item questionnaire administered to 445 consecutive patients attending our dental clinic. SETTING: . Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and forty five patients above the age of fifteen years attending the dental clinic for the first time. RESULTS: Majority of the patients were in the 20-30 year age group and over 93% had formal education. Most of the respondents (88.8%) stated that glove wearing was essential and over 63% considered that glove wearing protected both the operator and the patient. Whilst about one-third of respondents would attend for treatment when gloves were not worn, 81.3% felt that gloves should be changed after each patient. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in responses in relation to age-groups and educational attainment, however no sex differences (p>0.05) were reported. CONCLUSION: This survey showed a high level of awareness by patients on the use of gloves by dentists. It also found that age-groups and levels of educational attainment influenced patients attitude to glove use.
Adolescent↗
An investigation into the relationship between mandibular third molars and angle fractures in Nigerians.
We examined the relationship between the presence or absence of mandibular third molars and angle fractures in Nigerians between January 1976 and July 1997. Information was obtained from patients' case records and radiographs.A total of 490 patients were seen during the study period, 408 of whom (83%) had their third molars present, and 76 of whom had angle fractures. Road traffic accidents (n =304, 62%) were the main cause of the fractures. Of these, 44 (14%) had angle fractures compared with 14/75 (19%) patients in whom the mechanism of injury was a fight or assault.Sixty-five of the 408 patients whose third molars were present (16%) had angle fractures, as did 11/82 (13%) who did not have third molars (p =0.57). Of the 77 patients whose lower third molars were not erupted, 24 (31%) had angle fractures compared with 52/331 (16%) in whom the lower third molars were erupted (p =0.002). These findings suggest that angle fractures are uncommon in this population because of their particular mechanism of injury. In addition, the presence of a lower third molar does not necessarily predispose to fractures of the angle of the mandible. However, angle fractures are more likely to occur in people with unerupted lower third molars than in those in whom they have erupted.
Adult↗
A survey of cases of cancrum oris seen in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
AIM: To review the records of child patients with cancrum oris who presented at a teaching hospital in Nigeria. SETTING: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. SAMPLE AND METHODS: The study was carried out through review of records of child patients diagnosed as having cancrum oris or post-cancrum oris defects between 1982 and 1996. Age, gender, site distribution, treatment and its outcome were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-two cases were diagnosed during the study period. Mean age was 4.65 years (range 2-16 years). The maxillary quadrants were affected more often than the mandibular. Seventeen patients completed treatment satisfactorily, but 55 failed to do so. All patients had evidence of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this and other studies demonstrate the need for major initiatives to address the underlying causes of cancrum oris and to promote the utilization of health care.
Adolescent↗
Gunshot injuries of the orofacial region in Nigerian civilians.
The dearth of information from Africa on gunshot injuries to the orofacial region in a civilian population prompted this retrospective survey. Sociodemographic data, manifestations at admission, type of firearm inflicting injuries, mechanism of injury, radiographs, treatment and complications were reviewed. All injuries occurred in the civilian population. The majority of patients (95.5%) were males, involved mainly in recreational hunting expeditions. The Dane gun was mostly used (86.4%) and accidental discharge of the weapon was recorded in 59.1% of the cases, 40.9% of these being accidentally self-inflicted. Overall, the left half of the face received more of the missiles. Complications were seen in 63.6% of the patients and the most common of these was loss of sight. The mortality rate was 22.7%. Late presentation was a frequent occurrence. It is suggested that Nigerian law enforcement agencies devise strategies to monitor the sale, acquisition and use of such firearms.
Adolescent↗
Necrotising fasciitis of the head and neck: a review of the literature.
Necrotising fasciitis is a severe life threatening bacterial infection of the fascial planes which is relatively rare in the head and neck region. The hallmark of the disease is selective necrosis of the fascia overlying skin and adjacent vasculature. Primary odontogenic infection due to aerobes and obligate anaerobes and trauma amongst other factors, are frequently responsible for this condition. Similarly, affected individuals often have an underlying systemic disease, the most common of which is diabetes mellitus. Treatment usually involves appropriate antimicrobial therapy, control of systemic disease, thorough surgical debridement, gamma globulin administration and hyperbaric oxygen where facilities exist. Significant morbidity and mortality attends necrotising fasciitis when treatment is delayed due to toxaemia, dehydration and severe biochemical disturbances. Prompt diagnosis, adequate resuscitation, thorough and frequent surgical debridement remains the cornerstone to a successful outcome.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗