Carcinoma of the vulva. FIGO 26th Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in Gynecological Cancer.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F Odicino.
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Incidence, mortality and survival trends for the most frequent cancers affecting women are presented on a worldwide basis. Data sources are represented by several different cancer databases, as no single world cancer database covers these epidemiological measures. Monitoring cancer incidence, mortality and survival are fundamental indicators which allow estimates and predictions of geographical and temporal changes of these diseases, enabling the design and set-up of adequate cancer control activities and national health programs. The observed differences in cancer incidence, mortality and survival in more developed countries compared with less developed countries (as defined by WHO) are mainly due to different individual and social risk factors between the two geo-political areas. For some cancers, advancements in screening, diagnosis and treatment in the more developed areas were the most effective factors in reducing incidence and mortality as well as prolonging survival. These effects were not detected in the less developed areas because of the limited access to primary and specialist care.
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Early-stage endometrial carcinomas should be treated by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In a small subset of patients, who wish to have children, conservative treatment (hormonal therapy) could be considered. The most effective agents for palliation of advanced disease are doxorubicin plus cisplatin.
The staging of gynecologic cancer is one of the fundamental aspects of the activity of the Committee on Gynecologic Oncology of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. The rules for proper staging according to scientific evidence are presented in this article. Some of the most debatable issues are also discussed.