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Biomedical subjects

F Patte

Publications and source records attributed to F Patte.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Occupational bronchopulmonary pathology caused by woodworking: diagnostic approach].

Woodworkers have a varied breathing pathology, with involvement of the upper airways mainly by ethmoidal cancers and rhinitis, tracheo-bronchitis with asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to wood moulds. The physiopathological mechanisms are numerous and often intricate: physical mechanism due to the irritant effect of wood dust, toxic mechanism caused by chemical substances which are present in wood dust or come from wood preservation products, immunological and allergic mechanism in which different allergens are concerned. Breathing pathology is the subject of 2 tables (No. 47 and 36) among those concerning occupational diseases. Lung function tests play an important role in the diagnosis of these diseases, with their 3 main objectives: search for airway obstruction, evaluation of bronchial hyperreactivity by means of non-specific challenge tests, and specific challenge tests performed in a laboratory or on the work site.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[The role of inhalation chambers in the treatment of asthma].

Inhalation chambers (spacers), interposed between the aerosol doser and the patient's mouth take 3 forms: lengthened tubes, large volume plastic sacs and conical chamber in the shape of a pear. Their chief advantages are: A greater proportion of the drug reaches the airways, as the deposition in the oropharynx is reduced. Co-ordination of lung and hand, a major obstacle to the correct use of aerosol-dosers, is no longer necessary.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

Solubility factors established by gas-liquid chromatography. A balance sheet.

Dravnieks and Laffort first used a method based on gas-liquid chromatography for establishing solubility factors (or parameters) of solutes. This method has been developed and improved over ten years (1972-1982) and applied to quantitative structure-activity relationships in olfaction. The physico-chemical and biological implications of this approach are reappraised.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Occupational asthma in the rural environment].

Occupational asthma is frequent among farmers. Allergens, physio-pathological mechanisms and respiratory disorders are varied. Medico-legal problems (diagram n. 45 of occupational diseases) are recalled. The authors then describe the main allergens (plants, animals and chemical substances) they have met among farmers. Finally, some special aspects that depend on the occupation are discussed.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1987

[Veno-occlusive disease of the lung].

This paper is a review of current data on a rare pathology which causes primary pulmonary arterial hypertension: pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. The manifestations of the disease consist of dyspnoea of progressive onset, crepitations in the lower pulmonary lobes and diffuse interstitial syndrome with Kerley's B lines. These signs are associated with severe hypoxia and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with paradoxically normal wedge pressure. Pathological specimens must be obtained to confirm the diagnosis. They show thrombosis of pulmonary veins less than 2 mm in diameter and sometimes of arterioles, presence of connective tissue with few cells and images of recanalization, muscularization of pulmonary arterioles, lesions of interstitial nodular fibrosis and presence of haemosiderin-rich macrophages. The disease is frequently associated with other pathologies, including heart disease, blood disease and pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis. In recent years, veno-occlusive disease has been found to occur immediately after chemotherapy for cancer and bone marrow or kidney transplantation. Three physiopathological hypotheses have been put forward to explain the disease: infection, autoimmune reaction and toxic reaction.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1986

[Role of the leukotrienes in asthma].

Leukotrienes (LT), which are derived from arachidonic acid and have similar chemical structures to the prostaglandins, have recently been shown to contain most of the biological activity previously attributed to "Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis" (SRS-A). LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 have potent bronchoconstrictor actions. LTE4 causes very long-lasting bronchoconstriction. LTB4 has inflammatory properties and possesses powerful chemotactic activity on leukocytes, especially neutrophil polymorphonuclear cells. The involvement of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma rests on a diversity of experimental evidence. The recent physiopathological approaches raise the hope of new therapeutic avenues in the treatment of asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

[Mode of action of corticoids in asthma].

Generally speaking, corticosteroids exert their effects on cells through genomic and non genomic mechanisms. They both suppress and enhance numerous biological phenomena. In asthma, corticosteroids act at different levels. They: inhibit chemical mediators, whether these are performed, like histamine, or newly formed, like arachidonic acid metabolites (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) or the platelet-activating factor (PAF); restore the sensitivity of beta-adrenergic receptors to sympathomimetic drugs; exert a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, notably reducing bronchial mucus secretion; reduce bronchial hyperreactivity and modify the bronchial response to bronchoconstrictors; act on respiratory function and gas exchanges. Many effects of corticosteroids in asthma involve the synthesis of proteins, such as lipomodulin (or macrocortin) which inhibits phospholipase A2, a key-enzyme in the synthesis of numerous chemical mediators derived from membrane phospholipids. The multiple effects of corticosteroids account for their broad spectrum of activity and their effectiveness against both acute and chronic manifestations of asthma.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

[Interstitial pneumopathies during amiodarone treatment. Determination of serum amiodarone, typing of lymphocytes from bronchiolo-alveolar lavage].

We report 6 cases of diffuse interstitial pneumonia complicating therapy. The patients' study included the determination of amiodarone plasma level by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a study of lymphocyte subpopulations in alveolar lavage (wash cut). The mean cumulative dosage of amiodarone was 229 g; clinical symptoms were mainly weight loss, asthenia, dyspnea and dry cough. Bronchiolo-alveolar lavage fluids contained numerous lymphocytes, of which were T cells with a predominance of T8 lymphocytes. This is compatible with an immunoallergic mechanism as suggested in allergic alveolitis and in other drug induced pulmonary diseases. The determination of plasma amiodarone level performed after amiodarone withdrawal consistently showed a level inferior to the toxic one. These data confirm the lack of correlation between the pneumonitis outbreak and the amiodarone plasma level. Study of the red cell concentration of amiodarone and its major metabolites seems to be of greater interest.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Auscultation of pulmonary rales, from Laënnec to phonopneumography].

The invention in 1819 of the stethoscope by Laënnec was followed by the first classification of pulmonary adventitial sounds. A number of new nomenclatures based upon acoustic principles have subsequently been suggested. Phonopneumography consists of the recording of respiratory sounds and their breakdown into different harmonics by frequential analysis. Broadly speaking, a distinction is drawn between continuous sounds, including sibilants and rhonchi, and discontinuous sounds, covering crepitations and coarse rales.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1985

[Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An 8-year survey in the Poitiers area].

We have studied in Poitiers area from 1977 to 1984 the resistance of 853 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to the main anti-tuberculosis drugs. The overall rate of drug resistance was showed to be steady over the years while the primary resistance rate has decreased. The only one drug resistance has concerned para-aminosalicylic acid, streptomycin and isoniazid. Foreigners, most of them Asian people or North-African people, often bear resistant tubercle bacilli (29,03%) compared with French people (9,29%). We encountered drug resistance phenomena essentially among less than 60 years old patients. Drug susceptibility tests remain indispensable for a good epidemiologic supervision at the time of relapses and among patients possibly infected with multiresistant germs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative study of 2 assay methods for serum isoniazid in 413 patients: microbiological method and high performance liquid chromatography].

Serum INH was assayed by 2 techniques over 4 years in 413 patients following the administration of a single test dose of 300 mg of isoniazid. The microbiological method measures the inhibitory activity of the serum on the growth of mycobacteria. The pharmacological method consists of high performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection (HPLC). The mean difference in the assays performed by the 2 methods in each subject was 0.061 mcg/ml and the global correlation between the 2 assays was 0.76. Liquid chromatography also allows the simultaneous assay of acetyl INH. Thirty-three per cent of the subjects who received a test dose of 300 mg of INH had a serum INH concentration of between 1 and 2 mcg/ml at the third hour. This study therefore confirms the usefulness of a pre-treatment assay of INH and the good correlation of the results obtained with the 2 methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Goodpasture's syndrome. A new case].

The authors report a new observation of Goodpasture's syndrome in a 21 years old patient. Diagnosis was made by renal biopsy after discovering, by immunofluorescence techniques, linear deposits of IgG and C3 on the renal basal lamina. Anti-basal lamina antibodies of the plasma were not found. In spite of therapy by steroids, a rapid worsening of renal functions accompanied a nephrotic syndrome. Supplementing hemodialysis helped patients to survive without recurrence of hemoptysis. Heparinotherapy prescribed on the creation of an arteriovenous fistula seemed to have brought a temporary improvement of the renal function.

Adult↗