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Biomedical subjects

F Petitjean

Publications and source records attributed to F Petitjean.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[The effect of chloramphenicol on sleep in cat -- comparison with thiamphenicol, erythromycine, and oxytetracycline (author's transl)].

The effects of various antibiotics, which inhibit protein synthesis, has been studied on the sleep-waking cycle of cats. Chloramphenicol (CAP) selectively inhibits paradoxical sleep (SP). Thiamphenicol (TAP) and oxytetracycline however are ineffective; erythromycine induces only a small decrease of SP. When CAP is injected after TAP, the SP inhibition is longer than after CAP alone. Combining erythromycine and CAP produces the same effect as one or other of the antibiotic alone, depending only on the interval between administration of the two drugs. Slow wave sleep is decreased only with high doses of CAP and is unaffected by TAP, oxytetracycline or erythromycine. These results suggest that CAP may inhibit a peptide or protein synthesis involved in the mechanisms of SP.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency in a case of lymphosarcoma of the spleen. Reversal of complement abnormalities after splenectomy.

A patient with an extensive lymphosarcoma of the spleen without involvement of other lymphoid organs and hypogammaglobulinaemia showed the characteristic complement profile of an acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency. Both functional and immunochemical studies revealed extremely low levels of the inhibitor of C1-esterase. Correction of the low levels of early acting complement components and of the low C1-inhibitor level followed the splenectomy. In vitro tests showed that lymphosarcoma tissue pieces or cells were able to interact with complement, resulting in a depletion of the haemolytic activity. These findings provide evidence that tumour cells were responsible for the abnormalities of the complement system.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Sleep and monoamines: differential radioautography of central neurons after systematic injection of tritiated 5-hydroxytryptophane (5 HTP 3H) or of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA 3H)].

In normal cats 90 min. after the intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg of 5 HTP and 3H 5 HTP or DOPA and 3H DOPA a few reactive nerve cell bodies were identified by radioautography. On the contrary, 48 hrs. after p-chlorophenylalanin or subtotal lesion of raphe nuclei, these tracers showed numerous reactive neurons inside or outside the central monoaminergic systems.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1976

The raphe nuclei of the cat brain stem: a topographical atlas of their efferent projections as revealed by autoradiography.

Stereotaxic injections of [14C]leucine were made in nulei raphe centralis superior, raphe dorsalis, raphe magnus and raphe pontis of the cat. The organization of the regional connections was outlined in a stereotaxic atlas using the autoradiographic tracing method: the majority of the ascending pathways from the rostral raphe nuclei are directed mainly through a ventrolateral bundle via the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, with some lateral extensions to the substantia nigra, and then through the fields of Forel and the zona incerta. More rostrally the fibers are joined to the medial forebrain bundle through the hypothalamic region up to the preoptic area or the diagonal band of Broca. Multiple divisions leave this tract towards the epithalamic or the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, the stria terminalis, the septum, the capsula interna and the ansa lenticularis. The bulk of the rostral projections terminates in the frontal lobe, while some labeling is scarcely distributed throughout the rest of the neocortex. The projections of nucleus (n.) raphe centralis superior are specifically associated with the n. interpeduncularis, the mammillary bodies and the hippocampal formation while the n. raphe dorsalis innervates selectively the lateral geniculate bodies, striatus, piriform lobes, olfactory bulb and amygdala. The rest of the ascending fibers form the centrolateral or the dorsal ascending tracts radiating either in the reticular mesencephalic formation or in the periventricular gray matter. On the contrary there are heavy descending projections from n. raphe centralis superior which distribute to the main nuclei of the brain stem, the central gray matter and the cerebellum. The ascending projections form the caudal raphe nuclei are much less dense. They disseminate mainly in the colliculus superior, the pretectum, the nucleus of the posterior commissure, the preoculomotor complex and the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. From n. raphe pontis, a dense labeling is selectively localized at the n. paraventricularis hypothalami with some rostral extensions to limbic areas. Diffuse caudal and rostral projections from both nuclei are observed in the mesencephalic, pontobulbar reticular formation and the cerebellum. The main differences come from the specific localization of their descending bulbospinal tracts inside the lateroventral funiculus of the spinal cervical cord.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1976

Effects of ponto-mesencephalic lesions and electrical stimulation upon PGO waves and EMPs in unanesthetized cats.

1. Phasic waves similar to those observed in the visual system of the awake and sleeping cat ("EMP" and "PGO waves" respectively) were recorded in an area surrounding brachium conjunctivum of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF). 2. MRF waves during paradoxical sleep (PS) (MRF PGO wave) occurred 1--2 msec after the waves recorded in the abducens nucleus (N.VI PGO waves), while MRF waves in the alert cat (MRF EMPs) occurred 35--70 msec or more after EMPs in N.VI. 3. Both MRF EMPs in the dark and MRF PGO waves preceded EMPs and PGO waves recorded in the lateral geniculate body (LGB) by 20 msec. 4. There was a time lag of about 40 msec between right and left MRF PGO waves. 5. MRF stimulation elicited short latency responses (5--9 msec) in LGB during waking and sleeping states. During PS, the same stimuli further elicited PGO waves (latency greater than or equal to 40 msec) in the same structure. 6. Stimulation of LGB elicited short latency responses (5--9msec) in MRF. 7. Unilateral MRF lesions reduced by about 50% the number of LGB PGO waves without modifying other characteristics of the PGO wave activity. 8. Following unilateral MRF lesion, LGB EMPs were observed with each eye movement in the dark. However, LGB EMPs ipsilateral to the lesion were greatly reduced in amplitude and followed the EMPs in the opposite LGB by a time lag similar to that observed between bilateral LGB PGO waves. 9. Bilateral MRF lesions completely abolished PGO waves and EMPs observed with the animal in the dark. However, EMPs observed in the light remained unmodified. 10. From the present study it was concluded that LGB and visual cortex gross potential changes related to eye movements in the alert cat have both retinal and non-retinal components. Further, the significance of the MRF area in the mechanisms of EMP and PGO wave activities was discussed.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1975

[Hypersomnia by isthmic lesion in cat. Study of the metabolism of cerebral monamines].

(1) A significant increase of 5-HT synthesis is observed in several areas of the cat brain 24 h after the bilateral destruction of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle in the isthmus. This stimulation of the synthesis was simultaneously observed at the level fo serotoninergic cell bodies (anterior part of the raphe system) and of 5-HT terminals (cortex, thalamus, mesencephalon, medulla oblongata). Conversely, a significant decrease of 5-HT synthesis was found in the caudal part of the raphe and in the hypothalamus. The possibility of a catecholaminergic control of 5-HT synthesis by neurons passing through the isthmus is discussed. (2) in the same experimental conditions, an important decrease of endogenous dopamine content without any subsequent change of noradrenaline concentration was observed in the thalamus, the geniculate body and the pons. This important decrease could be due to a greater utilization of dopamine into hypothetical dopaminergic terminals localized in these structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Hypersomnia by isthmic lesion in cat. II. Neurophysiological and pharmacological study].

(1) The bilateral destruction of the region of the dorsal norepinephrine bundle in the isthmus or in the mesencephalon induces a significant increase of both paradoxical sleep (PS) (up to 400%) and of slow-wave sleep (SWS). The increase of PS lasts for 4-5 days while the increase of SWS lasts at least 8-10 days. The same phenomenon is observed after total hypophysectomy. (2) control lesions effectuated in the isthmus outside the area of the dorsal norepinephrine bundle do not affect significantly the slee-walking cycle. (3) pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine suppresses the increase of sleep if the lesion is effectuated at the time of maximum insomnia, while a significant increase of PS is still observed if the lesion is made at the time of the recovery of sleep. (4) the mechanisms of this hypersomnia are discussed in light of the biochemical results showing an increase of the biosynthesis of serotonin in the rostral raphe system. It is postulated that some neurons of the dorsal norepinephrine bundle might tonically control the activity of the raphe system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurotropic anisamides (author's transl)].

Evolution of the opinion of the french clinicians, during the 10 last years, towards the chemical group of the neurotropic anisamides : metoclopramide, sulpiride, sultopride, and tiapride. The good tolerance of these neuroleptic compounds, their low degree of activity on vigilance, are original characteristics of this new group of psychotropic drugs : polyvalent, or "multiple potential" neuroleptic agents.

Amisulpride↗