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Biomedical subjects

F Poinso

Publications and source records attributed to F Poinso.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

[Autism and mental retardation: a study of the early social communication].

OBJECTIVE: To determine developmental communication profiles in young autistic children with mental retardation. METHODS: A group of 19 autistic children (mean age=43 months) were matched with a group of 11 mentally retarded children (mean age=39 months) on mental age (17,6 months). All of these children were without speech (less than 5 words of vocabulary). Communication skills were assessed with the Guidetti-Tourrette scales (ECSP), French adaptation of the Seibert-Hogan scales. RESULTS: Autistic children displayed a much lower score than mentally retarded children in the 3 functions of early social communication (behavior regulation, social interaction and joint attention). The developmental communication profiles was the same in the 2 groups. DISCUSSION: The results showed evidence of distortion in autistic children development: they displayed important deficits in communication skills, in comparison with cognitive skills. Autistic children mainly displayed requesting gestures: they used adults to help them to reach a goal, instead of regarding them as social partners. However, young children who have mental age less than 18 months mainly use the same functions of communication, with or without autistic trouble. CONCLUSIONS: There is a same developmental sequence in communication skills in young children, with or without autistic trouble.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2006

[Infantile anorexia: from birth to childhood].

Young child's anorexia (0-4 years) may have organic or psychological origin, when parents-child relationships are concerned. The most complex and earliest forms often have unspecified aetiology. Psychopathological classifications, which emphasize the mother-child relationships, are essential reference marks. But there is now a consensus in the definitions: the diagnosis of infantile anorexia requires criteria of acute or chronic malnutrition. We mainly distinguish anorexia by early disorder of homeostasis, anorexia resulting from serious disorder of attachment, anorexia by disorder of mother-child interactions, and finally early and complex anorexia, mixing an organic vulnerability and a bonding trouble, which can be secondary. Treatments differ according to the selected aetiology. Even if the origin is not mainly the fact of a relational mother-child dysfunction, parents-child's relations require a support to avoid aggravation by interactive vicious circles (force feeding). More than other diseases of early childhood, feeding disorders require a good knowledge of the working hypotheses both in the field of the paediatrics and the child psychiatry.

Anorexia↗
PubMed2002

Care in a mother-baby psychiatric unit: analysis of separation at discharge.

Joint psychiatric admission to a Mother-Baby Unit (MBU) enables a mother to obtain care for psychiatric disorders and simultaneously receive support in developing her identity as a mother. This care is meant to prevent attachment disorders and mother-baby separation. Outcome at discharge, however, may differ according to the mother's admission diagnosis. Demographic data, clinical features of parent and child, and clinical outcome of 92 consecutive admissions of mothers and their children to a MBU in Marseille were collected over a period of eight years (1991-1998). Separations occurred in 23% of the joint admissions. Women with acute postpartum psychoses and major depressive disorders had better outcomes than those with chronic psychoses: at discharge, the latter were more often separated from their children. In those cases, however, MBU admission provided time to arrange the best placement for the child. Outcome was less predictable for non-psychotic personality disorders and depended not only on the mother's disease but also on her family and social context.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Food preferences in anorectic girls at the beginning of therapy].

To determine the eating habits of patients with anorexia nervosa, we compared a group of 21 anorectic girls satisfying DSM-III-R criteria (A: 19 +/- 6.6 years; 14.2 +/- 2 kg/m2) with 30 control girls (C: 19.8 +/- 3.3 years; 20.9 +/- 4.4 kg/m2). A standardised form listing 226 food items was used to assess their food preferences. For each food category except vegetables and fish, the medium rate of positive appreciation was lower in group A than in group C. However, a positive correlation was found between the two groups (except for dairy and diet products), showing no major distortion of taste in group A. Anorectic girls generally discarded the sweetest fruit and the fattest meats, but sometimes chose to eat high-calorie food, possibly because of its supposed nutritional value. Their dislike for so-called "light" products was also apparent. Moreover, no regressive tendency to childish choices was found in their eating habits. It is concluded that group A displayed a narrowed food field, but without distortions of taste.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Gifted children and dysharmonious development].

Gifted children are exposed to psychological disturbances. How much this psychological fragility is of a constitutional origin or is acquired, resulted from their intellectual precocity, is unclear. Nevertheless it justifies an early recognition of these children, knowing that psychological disturbances may be present early in life and mask the intellectual precocity. This is illustrated by the case of a three-year-old girl. Psychometric tests should be performed on an individual basis in order to avoid the negative effects of affective and emotional factors; an IQ above 140 characterizes gifted children. However, creativity tests are equally important allowing to identify their high capacity of originality and creativity. Uneven development of intelligence, affectivity and psychomotricity is frequent, which may induce anxiety disorders, obsessional behaviour and personality disorders. It appears that the higher the IQ is, the greater the psychological fragility, this fragility usually being important for an IQ above 170. The education of gifted children should be concentrated on the development of creativity and reflection, avoiding the tediousness of learning mainly based on memorizing and the acquisition of mechanisms. Early intervention is recommended in the case of psychological and behavioural disturbances, as an attempt to prevent the risk of pathological psychological organization.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1993

[Psychiatric interventions in children under five years of age: prevention or care?].

We analysed the consultations of children under the age of 5 attending our pedopsychiatric outpatients department over a period of 1 year. Although paediatricians and pedopsychiatrists agree on the necessity to start therapy as early as possible, we found that many children were seen to late, at a time when they had difficulties, and that the principle of early intervention in pedopsychiatric needs to be better applied during infancy in an effort to prevent psychological disturbances.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Statistical study of mental disorders in New Caledonia].

315 patients admitted to the psychiatric hospital of Nouville, New-Caledonia, during the year 1987, are examined. There are several ethnies: Melanesians, Europeans, Wallisians. Europeans are admitted for depression, suicide and neurotic troubles. On the contrary Melanesians and Wallisians are admitted for acute and chronic psychotic troubles above all. Maniac-depressive illness exists in every ethny. There are a lot of psychopathological hypothesis. Indigenous medicine of Melanesians in New-Caledonia has a great part in the distribution of diagnostics.

Ethnicity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Traditional medicine and psychiatry: apropos of 3 experiences in Senegal, New Caledonia and Nepal].

The authors describe by turns their experience about indigenous medicine in Senegal, in New-Caledonia and in Nepal. They show that these indigenous medicines have common fundamental characteristics, although these various cultures are not linked together by their history. They compare these ways of thinking with occidental scientific medicine, and with the way of thinking of psychoanalysis.

Health Services, Indigenous↗