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Biomedical subjects

F Prost

Publications and source records attributed to F Prost.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with intravenous immunoglobulin.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been used in the treatment of primary and secondary antibody deficiencies for over two decades. Since the early 1980s, the therapeutic efficacy of IVIg has been established in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, dermatomyositis and Kawasaki syndrome, and the prevention of graft versus host disease in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants. Its use has also been reported in a large number of other autoimmune and systemic inflammatory conditions. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which IVIg exerts immunomodulatory effects in immune pathologies.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed2003

Mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Therapeutic polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) consists of normal IgG obtained from the pools of plasma of several thousand healthy blood donors. IVIg is used as substitutive treatment of primary and secondary immunodeficiences. Since the first study of Paul Imbach who demonstrated the beneficial effect in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, IVIg is also used in a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The immunoregulatory effects of IVIg in autoimmune diseases depend on the interaction of Fc portion of immunoglobulins with Fc receptors and on the selection of lymphocyte repertoires of patients through variable regions of infused immunoglobulins. IVIg modulates the activation and effector functions of B and T lymphocytes, neutralizes pathogenic autoantibodies, interferes with antigen presentation and has a strong anti-inflammatory effect which depends on its interaction with the complement system, cytokines and endothelial cells. The immunomodulatory potential of IVIg in patients is thus a result of a variety of complex mechanisms that act in a synergy.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Enantiomeric analysis of the five major monohydroxylated metabolites of methaqualone in human urine by chiral capillary electrophoresis.

Methaqualone (MQ; 2-methyl-3-o-tolylquinazolin-4(3H)-one) is a hypnotic and anticonvulsive drug in which the rotation about the nitrogen-to-aryl bond between the planar 2-methyl-quinazolin-4(3H)-one structure and the o-tolyl moiety is sterically hindered at body temperature. MQ and its five major monohydroxylated metabolites found in urine, 4'-hydroxymethaqualone (4'OH-MQ), 2'-hydroxymethaqualone (2'-OH-MQ), 3'-hydroxymethaqualone (3'OH-MQ), 2-hydroxymethaqualone (2OH-MQ) and 6-hydroxymethaqualone (6OH-MQ), are thus chiral substances whose enantiomers are shown to be separable by chiral capillary electrophoresis at pH 2.1 in the presence of 50 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (OHP-beta-CD). Other neutral derivatives of beta-CD, namely (2-hydroxypropyl)-gamma-CD, (2,3,6-trimethyl)-beta-CD, and (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD were found to be able to resolve the enantiomers of some but not all of these six components. With OHP-beta-CD, simultaneous analysis of the enantiomers of MQ and its five metabolites is hampered by the difficulty in separating MQ and 4'OH-MQ, the major urinary metabolite. A two-step solid phase extraction process is shown to permit discrimination between these two compounds and thus analysis of MQ enantiomers in unhydrolyzed urines that were collected overnight after administration of 250 mg of racemic MQ. Furthermore, analysis of liquid/liquid or solid-phase extracts of enzymatically hydrolyzed urines reveals the distribution of the enantiomers of the five hydroxymetabolites of MQ and, for the first time, insight into the stereoselectivity of the MQ metabolism. The major metabolite, 4'OH-MQ, is shown to be excreted almost exclusively as single enantiomer. The two urinary enantiomers of 6OH-MQ are present at about equal amounts, whereas unequal amounts are noted for the enantiomers of 3'OH-MQ, 2OH-MQ, and 2'OH-MQ.

Cyclodextrins↗
PubMed1990

[Retinitis disclosing subacute sclerosing panencephalitis].

SSPE is a panencephalitis who involves children and who leads to death. It is due to a defective measles virus. Ophthalmologic features are frequent and may be the first manifestation of the disease. The most typical ocular involvement is retinitis which can be misdiagnosed as a toxoplasmosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Chronic glaucoma treated by trabeculoretraction. Medium-term study of perimetric changes].

Authors use the Octopus 2000 automatic perimeter to study the evolution of visual field defects of 37 glaucomatous eyes treated by argon laser trabeculoplasty and followed up for one year. In a first time, half inferior laser trabeculoplasty is performed; half superior complement is done three months later if visual field defects improve. Various visual fields are compared by statistic delta program. Three months after trabeculoplasty more than 85% of visual field loss decrease or are stabilized. The same results are found after one year, without modification of initial medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Intracameral penetration of pefloxacine in man].

Authors have studied the intraocular penetration of a new antibiotic, pefloxacin in 35 patients (35 eyes). This study emphasizes the three main qualities of this recent quinolone in ophthalmology: wide spectrum adequate for the most pathogens commonly found in endophthalmitis. Very large penetration in the aqueous humour flow with an average level of 0.95 mu/ml, which is over the minimal inhibitory concentration for many bacterial infections and is equal to 25% of average serum level.

Aged↗