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Biomedical subjects

F R Ochsendorf

Publications and source records attributed to F R Ochsendorf.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Facial kaposi's sarcoma. Palliative treatment with cryotherapy, intralesional chemotherapy, low-dose roentgen therapy and camouflage].

Facial Kaposi's sarcoma is a severe psychological problem for HIV-infected patients if systemic chemotherapy or interferon therapy is not possible. To help these patients, it is important to offer a palliative treatment that is suitable for outpatients and is not complicated by severe side-effects but still yield satisfactory cosmetic results. A total of 65 patients with 216 facial Kaposi's sarcomas were treated with cryosurgery (92 tumours, 29 patients), intralesional chemotherapy with vincristine (28 tumours, 12 patients), radiotherapy (87 tumours, 15 patients) and camouflage (multiple tumours, 9 patients). Cryosurgery is the treatment of choice for small (less than 1 cm) macular or slightly nodular Kaposi's sarcoma. Larger nodular tumours are better treated by intralesional chemotherapy (single doses of 0.01-0.1 mg vincristine per tumour) or low-dose radiotherapy (3-4 x 4 Gy). These palliative treatment methods are not indicated in cases of rapid tumour progression and dissemination; in such cases, camouflage (covering the tumours with water-resistant make-up) is helpful as a local palliative measure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: side effect profile of important therapeutic drugs].

Precise knowledge of the undesirable effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine allows better exploitation of their therapeutic effects. Retinopathy can be avoided by observing a maximum daily dosage of 3.5-4 mg/kg ideal body weight for chloroquine and 6-6.5 mg/kg for hydroxychloroquine. In this way, both can be used for long-term therapy. The pharmacokinetics of chloroquine (storage in deep compartments with long plasma half-life) means that it can cumulate, especially with higher dosages and in the presence of renal or hepatic insufficiency. A high plasma concentration reinforces the side-effects without reinforcing the therapeutic effects. Besides subjective symptoms (e.g. anorexia, diarrhoea, nausea), the following undesirable reactions are significant. On the skin exanthema, hyperpigmentation and photodynamic reactions can develop. The hair can become white in blonde and red-haired men. In the eye, chloroquine deposits in the cornea and disturbances of accommodation can occur, besides retinopathy. Neuromyopathy and central nervous system disturbances (e.g. psychosis) are rare, as is impairment of auditory function or blood cells. During pregnancy there is a risk of potential fetal damage (hearing loss, abortion). An acute overdose is extremely dangerous: the lethal dose is 1 g for children and 4 g for adults. As death occurs rapidly, chloroquine has to be stored where it is absolutely inaccessible to children.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1990

[The association of skin fibromas and intestinal polyps: an age-related effect].

To test the association between skin tags and colorectal polyps, 157 consecutive patients (60 men and 97 women, mean age 61.2 [17-92] years) who during their hospitalization had a coloscopy for gastro-enterological indications, underwent independently medical and dermatological examinations. 61 patients (38%) had colorectal polyps, 83 (53%) skin tags; 39 had both (24.8%). Thus the probability of having colorectal polyps was significantly higher for a person with than without skin tags (P = 0.033). But this relationship was entirely age-dependent. Discriminant analysis indicated that in addition to age (F = 15.1) the presence of skin tags (F = 1.2) was only a small additional factor in the recognition of those with colorectal polyps. Skin tags are thus of little help in the diagnosis of polyps in elderly patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Colonic neoplasms and skin fibromas: common determinants and their significance].

To find common factors for colonic-neoplasias and skin-tags, 157 inpatients, who consecutively had a coloscopy because of intestinal complaints, were intensively examined dermatologically. Regression-analyses showed that the number of colonic polyps were age- (p = 3 x 10(-8)) and sex-dependent (1.9 x 10(-2)) and skin-tags had no influence on the number of colonic polyps. The size of colonic polyps also showed a clear age dependency (p = 3 x 10(-8)). The number of skin-tags were dependent on weight (p = 9 x 10(-3)) and age (p = 1.3 x 10(-2)), its size on the interaction of sex and triglyceride-levels (p = 3 x 10(-8)). Discriminant-analyses identified the following factors as important: age and triglyceride-concentration to recognize a patient with colonic polyps; age, positive Haemoccult-test and number of skin-tags to recognize a patient with tubulovillous adenomas or colonic carcinomas. The essential common factor of colonic polyps and skin-tags was the age. For the recognition of a patient with colonic polyps the age was the most essential factor, skin-tags, on the contrary, were unimportant. The association between colonic polyps and skin-tags therefore was merely an effect of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Soft skin fibromas: study of their importance and diagnostic significance for colonic neoplasms].

The aims of this study were (a) to examine the association of skin tags and colonic polyps and (b) to identify factors influencing skin tags. Therefore, a consecutive series of 157 medical ward patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent colonoscopy underwent dermatological examination. Skin tags were found in 52% of these patients regardless of sex. (a) There was a statistically significant association between skin tags and colonic polyps (P = 0.33). This association, however, was based solely on an age effect. (b) Influencing factors were weight and age for the number of skin tags and the interaction between sex and the concentration of triglycerides for their size. At any given triglyceride concentration, men had larger skin tags.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Therapy of alopecia areata with diphenylcyclopropenone].

With special regard to practical aspects, we discuss the treatment of alopecia areata by topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone. Out of 27 patients treated this way, 10 patients showed good and cosmetically acceptable regrowth of terminal hair; 11 patients showed some regrowth, which was not satisfactory, however, for cosmetic reasons; 6 patients developed no hair growth at all. The complete failure of treatment in the latter cases may possibly be due to the long duration of the alopecia.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

[Therapy of oral hairy leukoplakia with acyclovir].

Oral hairy leukoplakia was treated in six patients with (a) acyclovir (i.v. or p.o.), (b) 0.1% vitamin-A acid solution or (c) human beta-interferon-gel (10(5) I.E./g) in a total of 23 therapeutic courses. In 5/6 patients, acyclovir (7.5 mg/kg every 8 h i.v. or 5 x 400 mg p.o. over 5-10 days) led to partial (n = 1) or complete (n = 4) remission. After 1-6 months, however, the leukoplakia recurred in all cases. Vitamin-A acid solution (n = 3) led to remission in one and to improvement in the others. Human beta-interferon gel (n = 3) had no visible effect. The efficacy of acyclovir is further evidence of the concept that the Epstein-Barr virus is a major cause of oral hairy leukoplakia.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

[Chloroquine retinopathy: preventable by monitoring the maximum daily dose].

Decisive for the development of chloroquine retinopathy is not the total cumulative dose. Recent findings indicate that retinopathy develops if daily dosages are too high. Therefore, daily dosages of 4 mg chloroquine/kg ideal body weight and 6.5 mg hydroxychloroquine/kg body weight, respectively, should not be exceeded. If these maximum daily dosages are observed, long-term therapy over periods of months or even years seems to be safe.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1987

[Pregnancy dermatoses].

Dermatoses of pregnancy are relatively rare. The terminology becomes increasingly confusing, as only few of these skin eruptions are proved entities. Apart from pruritus gravidarum and herpes gestationis (pemphigoid gestationis), the symptoms of dermatoses of pregnancy should be classified according to polymorphic exanthema, which are characterized by urticarial lesions, or according to prurigo gravidarum, predominantly characterized by excoriated papules.

Dermatitis↗
PubMed1987

[Pemphigus erythematosus--detection of anti-DNA antibodies].

In an 80-year-old woman with pemphigus erythematosus, we demonstrated ANA as well as anti-DNA antibodies in the serum. This finding supports the argument that this skin disorder represents a combination of a disease of the pemphigus group with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infections in the male genital tract and reactive oxygen species.

In the male genital tract, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by spermatozoa and leukocytes including neutrophils and macrophages. ROS are involved in the regulation of sperm functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Infections lead to an excessive ROS production, resulting in an 'oxidative burst' from neutrophils/macrophages as a first-line defence mechanism. This is modulated by several cytokines and the pro-oxidant mechanisms of bacteria and viruses. At the site of an infection, the degree of activation of leukocytes, i.e. the amount of ROS produced, and the available antioxidative systems determine whether spermatozoa are damaged or not. During an infection, an imbalance of pro- and antioxidants favouring the former results in oxidative stress which impairs the sperm functions mentioned, as well as motility and fertilization. ROS produced during infections of the testis and epididymis are especially harmful to spermatozoa due to the longer contact time and the lack of antioxidant protection. In the final ejaculate, only very high numbers of ROS-producing leukocytes are detrimental to sperm functions. An infectious injury involving ROS in the prostate gland, seminal vesicles or epididymis could impair sperm functions indirectly. Pro- and antioxidative properties of therapeutics are currently receiving more attention as part of anti-infectious therapies. At present, there are many unresolved questions concerning the exact role of ROS during infections of the male genital tract because of the difficulty of specifically assessing the site of generation and the short-lived effects of ROS. New techniques may enable specific studies to fill this gap in the near future.

Antioxidants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemiluminescence in semen of infertile men.

Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) can be used to determine the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by cells. Enhanced formation of ROS in human semen was reported to be of pathological significance for a disturbed sperm function. To investigate incidence of elevated CL-signals in semen samples and their correlation to conventional semen parameters, CL-signals in the semen of both 49 consecutive infertile men and 20 controls were measured. Semen was analysed according to WHO-criteria including bovine mucus-penetration- and water-test. A CL-signal of 1.5 x 10(5) counts min-1/2 x 10(6) spermatozoa was considered to be the upper normal limit. The CL in infertile men's semen was elevated with statistically significant differences in oligozoospermia patients/controls (P < 0.0001) and normozoospermia patients/controls (P < 0.05). In the group with elevated CL-signals, a higher percentage of spermatozoa with a pathologic morphology was detected (P = 0.05). In the groups with pathologic results of eosin- and water-tests, the CL-counts were elevated (P < 0.006; P < 0.03). The spermatozoa motility in the group with elevated CL-counts was significantly reduced after 4 h (P < 0.05). The CL-signals correlated inversely with the results of the bovine mucus-penetration-test (r = -0.67), P < 0.0001). In conclusion, semen samples of 28% of our patients showed elevated CL-signals; these were associated with pathological results of membrane integrity-tests. The negative correlation of CL with the results of Penetrak-test reflects its importance to depict the functional capacity of spermatozoa.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CD 45/67 immunobead preparation of human semen activates granulocytes.

In human semen reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by spermatozoa or leukocytes can impair spermatozoa functions. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of CD 45- and/or CD 67 immunobead preparation on the chemiluminescence (CL) of seminal plasma free ejaculate cells (= original cell suspension), as well as of the spermatozoa and leukocyte fractions. The original cell suspensions of 68 infertile and 8 fertile men were incubated with CD 45 or CD 67 immunobeads. After separation in a magnetic field the luminol chemiluminescence of the original cell suspensions, the spermatozoa and the leukocyte fractions were recorded on a luminometer. Spermatozoa fractions did not contain any leukocytes as no increase in CL-counts occurred after addition of FMLP. The number of peroxidase-positive cells (per 10(7) spermatozoa) correlated with the CL of the original cell suspensions (r = 0.7; P < 0.0001) as well as the CL of the spermatozoa and the leukocyte fractions after CD 45 or CD 67-preparation (r = 0.64; P < 0.0001). The CL of the spermatozoa and of the leukocyte fractions after CD 45 immunobead incubation were significantly correlated (r = 0.091; P < 0.0001). According to these data contaminating leukocytes could be eliminated by immunobead preparation. However, incubation of original cell suspensions with CD 45 or CD 67 immunobeads stimulated leukocytes to release soluble products resulting in elevated CL signals both in the leukocyte and the spermatozoa fractions. These effects have to be taken into account when using immunobeads for the preparation of human semen.

Antigens, CD↗