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Biomedical subjects

F Rapp

Publications and source records attributed to F Rapp.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Conditions required for induction of murine p30 by herpes simplex virus.

Mouse cells (line N cIA cl10) contain 1.2-2.5 ng murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) p30 antigen/mg of protein; this amount of antigen is measurable by competition radioimmunoassay (RIA) but is not detectable by indirect immunofluorescence (IF). Infection of N cIA cl10 cells with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) induces expression of MuLV p30. Induction by HSV-2 does not require either cell or virus DNA synthesis and is optimal 8 h post infection when cells at 50-70% confluence are infected at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5-8 PFU/cell. At an MOI of 2.5, 70-80% of the cells express HSV antigens while none of the cells express p30; at an MOI of 5.0, 70-80% of the cells express HSV antigens but 55% of the cells express p30. Using the conditions reported in this paper for preparation of competing antigen, induction of p30 by HSV-2 (strain 333) infection is not measurable by competition RIA.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immune response of prostatic cancer patients to cytomegalovirus-infected and -transformed human cells.

The indirect immunofluorescent test was used to determine the prevalence of humoral immunity to cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced antigens in prostatic cancer patients as compared to age-matched controls. Significantly more prostatic cancer patients demonstrated high CMV-antibody titers than did the benign prostatic hyperplasia and nonurogenital cancer groups; however, no significant difference in reactivity was found between paients with prostatic cancer and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. When screened against CMV-transformed human cell lines, the reactivity of the sera followed the rate of expression of CMV-related antigens of cell lines used in these tests.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

A nonlytic transforming mutant of herpes simplex virus type 2.

A small-plaque mutant (NO.69) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) strain 333 has been previously isolated and characterized in this laboratory. This mutant was shown to produce a high ratio of noninfectious to infectious particles when grown at the nonpermissive temperature in hamster embryo fibroblasts [Westmoreland D. and Rapp F. (1976). Journal of Virology [8:92--102]. In this study, we have demonstrated that it is possible to obtain noninfectious stocks of this virus which retain transforming ability in a biochemical transformation assay specific for detection of the HSV gene for thymidine kinase. This mutant contains a DNA genome that has a density identical to the DNA of wild-type virus. Virus and cell DNA synthesis after infection with the mutant at both the permissive and nonpermissive temperature are similar to that observed in cultures infected with the parental virus. Clones of mouse cells biochemically transformed by this virus contain HSV antigens and are presently being examined for oncogenicity.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1978

Infection of human amnion cells with cytomegalovirus.

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), known to replicate in vitro in human fibroblastic cells, was found to replicate in epithelial human amnion (HA) cells. Large syncytia formed in these cells after infection with CMV; inclusion bodies were observed in the nuclei, and CMV antigens were demonstrated in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus by indirect immunofluorescence techniques. The synthesis of virus DNA was also detected, and the production of infectious virus was followed. The titers were lower (from 10(4) to 6 X 10(5) using different isolates of CMV) than those obtained in human embryo fibroblast (HEF) cells, and the replication cycle was slower in HA than in HEF cells.

Amnion↗
PubMed1978

Biochemical Transformation of mouse cells by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: comparison of different methods for inactivation of viruses.

Comparison of methods to inactivate lytic properties of herpes simplex viruses revealed that ultraviolet irradiation, photodynamic procedures, and heat all destroyed infectivity effectively. Ability to biochemically transform thymidine kinase deficient cells to an enzyme positive phenotype was retained after limited exposure to heat or ultraviolet light but appeared to be destroyed by photodynamic methods employing neutral red. Exposure to 56 degrees C quickly and effectively destroyed transforming activity with lower temperatures being less effective. The most reproducible transforming assays were obtained following inactivation by ultraviolet light. Cell cultures developed by this procedure were virus-free but retained ability to synthesize virus-specific antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Recognition of virally transformed cells by lymphocytes from patients with prostatic cancer.

Data presented describe the first assay using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) against two unique virally transformed cell lines in vitro. Human cells transformed by a cytomegalovirus (CMV-Mj) isolated from normal human prostate tissue were used as target cells in microcytoxicity assays with lymphocytes from 100 patients. Three target cell types were used: control human embryonic lung cells (HEL), transformed HEL cells (CMV-Mj-HEL-2), and transformed HEL cells retrieved from tumors induced in athymic nude mice (CMV-Mj-HEL-2, T-1) by injection of CMV-Mj-HEL-2 cells. PBL preparations from 84% of all patients tested significantly killed CMV-Mj-HEL-2, T-1 cells. However, only PBL from patients with prostatic carcinoma were cytotoxic for CMV-Mj-HEL-2 cells significantly more often than for control HEL. The implications of this approach are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Replication of herpesviruses in human cells transformed by cytomegalovirus.

The replication of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) was studied in three human embryo cell lines (CMV-Mj-HEL-I, CMV-Mj-HEL-2, and CMV-Mj-HEL-2,T-I) transformed in vitro by human CMV. Growth studies revealed that these cells were completely resistant to infection by CMV strains ADI69 and Mj and partially resistant to HSV types I and 2. Neither virus DNA nor virus proteins were synthesized in the transformed cells infected with CMV AD169. The HSV production in CMV-transformed human embryo lung (HEL) cells was delayed when compared to the virus production in normal HEL cells and spread of HSV c.p.e. was slower in the transformed cells. The treatment of normal HEL cells with a crude extract of CMV-transformed HEL cells also resulted in inhibition of the spread of c.p.e. of HSV types I and 2. The inhibitory effect was not due to interferon since vesicular stomatitis virus replication was not affected and several experiments showed that it was not due to mycoplasma. The presence of virus inhibitor molecules in CMV-transformed cells absent in normal HEL cells is postulated.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1978

Biochemical transformation of mouse cells by herpes simplex virus type 2: enhancement by means of low-level photodynamic treatment.

The biochemical transformation of thymidine kinase-deficient cells by UV-inactivated herpes simplex virus is enhanced by low-level photodynamic treatment of the infected cells. At the concentration of proflavine used, the virus was not inactivated and both virus and cellular DNA syntheses were only marginally inhibited. The observed enhancement of the transfer of a virus gene to the cell genome suggests a possible cocarcinogenic role for photodynamically active dyes at very low concentrations.

Acridines↗
PubMed1978

Identification of a herpesvirus isolated from cytomegalovirus-transformed human cells.

Human cells transformed by cytomegalovirus and transplanted to athymic nude mice yielded a cytopathic virus, Hershey Medical Center virus, following prolonged in vitro passage of the tumor cells. The virus is a double-enveloped herpesvirus, is sensitive to ether, and is inhibited by iododeoxyuridine. No significant antigenic relationship to herpes simplex virus was detected using herpes simplex virus-immune sera in neutralization and immunofluorescence tests, but indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed cytomegalovirus-related antigenicity. Further immunological tests revealed that Hershey Medical Center virus is antigenically indistinguishable from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Thus, it appears that Hershey Medical Center virus is infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, which presumably appeared in the cell culture as a contaminant from fetal calf serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Tumor induction in newborn and adult Syrian hamsters infected with SV40 temperature-sensitive mutants.

Newborn and adult Syrian hamsters were injected with wild-type SV40 and its temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants A30, A209, A239, B201 and BC210. Wild-type SV40 and ts B201 were highly oncogenic for newborn but not adult animals; ts A239, ts A30 and ts BC210 also induced tumors in some adult hamsters. Unexpectedly, the number of tumors induced by ts A209 and ts A239 in newborn animals was very low. The number of tumors observed was also low in adults infected with ts A30, ts A239 and ts BC210. The duration of the latent period of tumors induced in adult animals was the same as in the newborns. The data obtained are discussed in connection with the defectiveness of the mutants to induce tumor-specific transplantation antigen activity in hamster cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of caffeine on the replication of nonirradiated and ultraviolet-irradiated cytomegalovirus.

The effect of caffeine on cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in human embryo lung (HEL) and human embryo kidney (HEK) cells was studied. In HEL cultures, nonirradiated CMV yielded up to 6.7 times more plaques in caffeine-treated cultures than in control cultures. Virus growth curves exhibited different profiles, depending on the time of treatment of the cultures with the drug. Incorporation of [3H]TdR into virus DNA was enhanced and began about 24 h earlier in the caffeine-treated cultures than in the untreated cultures. A relationship between decreased incorporation of [3D]TdR into cellular DNA caused by caffeine and increased virus replication was observed in the HEL cells. In caffeine-treated HEK cultures, CMV replicated better than in untreated cultures in which virus growth was transitory and decreased after 10 days of incubation. The infectivity of CMV irradiated with UV light doses of 3,120-12,480 erg/mm2 decreased as a function of the UV dose. The extent of multiplicity reactivation of the irradiated virus increased when irradiated with higher UV doses. The effect of caffeine on the infectivity of UV-irradiated CMV depended on the dose with which the virus was irradiated. Caffeine increased the infectivity of CMV irradiated with lowest UV dose (3,120 erg/mm2) but did not increase the infectivity of virus irradiated with 12,480 erg/mm2. Multiplicity reactivation of the UV-irradiated CMV was inhibited by caffeine regardless of the UV dose with which the virus was irradiated.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1978

Production of plasminogen activator by cells transformed by herpesviruses.

Plasminogen activator is produced by hamster cells transformed by human herpesviruses. These cell lines have previously been shown to be oncogenic when injected s.c. into newborn syngeneic hamsters. Lysis of fibrin overlays by these cell lines was plasminogen dependent. Normal hamster embryo fibroblasts and a hamster cell line transformed by PARA-7 (an adenovirus-SV 40 hybrid) failed to produced lysis. In separate experiments fibrin overlay of lytically infected secondary rabbit kidney cells did not show induction of this activity during the normal course of productive infection. The human cell line TE-85 clone F-5, a clonal cell line from a human osteogenic sarcoma, failed to produce plasminogen activator, but two separate clones of these cells that were morphologically transformed after exposure to UV-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2 produced rapid lysis of the fibrin overlay. Clonal variation was observed in herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2-transformed hamster lines and is under investigation. It is suggested that plasminogen activator detection may serve as a convenient assay system for transformation of normal cells by herpesviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Mapping of the herpes simplex virus DNA sequences in three herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transformed cell lines.

We have made use of a novel filter hybridization approach in order to map the herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA sequences which are present in three HSV thymidine kinase (TK)-transformed cell lines. The cell line 33A+ which was produced by infection of 3T3 TK- cells with UV-irradiated HSV-2 (333) was found to contain one contiguous stretch of viral DNA sequences which maps between 0.15 and 0.57 on the HSV-2 genome. The sequences mapping from 0.31 to 0.37 were present in 3--4-fold higher abundance than the rest of the viral DNA sequences in this cell line. Cell lines 5A and 8N were produced by transfection of mouse CL1D cells with sheared HSV-1 (1023) DNA. The cell line 5A was found to contain a contiguous set of viral DNA sequences mapping between 0.26 and 0.41 on the HSV-1 genome. The cell line 8N was found to contain three non-contiguous sets of viral DNA sequences, mapping between 0.09 and 0.41, 0.53 and 0.58, and 0.94 and 1.0 on the HSV-1 genome. These results seem to indicate that many different sets of viral DNA sequences can be incorporated into the cell during HSV-mediated biochemical transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Characterization of human varicella-zoster virus DNA.

The DNA of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been characterized by sucrose gradient sedimentation, restriction enzyme cleavage with either EcoRI or HindIII site-specific endonucleases, and by isopycnic banding in caesium chloride. Comparisons of the DNAs from different clinical isolates have been made. DNAs from VZVs isolated from either varicella or herpes zoster are indistinguishable on the basis of size and restriction enzyme cleavage pattern. The buoyant density in caesium chloride of the DNA of VZV isolated from varicella was reproducibly slightly lower than that of the DNA of VZV isolated from herpes zoster.

Centrifugation, Isopycnic↗