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Biomedical subjects

F Reid

Publications and source records attributed to F Reid.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Lofepramine overdosage.

Data presented show that lofepramine has lower acute toxicity for animals than other antidepressants tested. Review of 55 case reports of acute lofepramine overdose in man shows that hypotension was rare and convulsions did not occur, although in some cases large overdoses of several grams of drug had been taken. No deaths have been recorded due to overdose with lofepramine alone, and the fatal toxicity index for lofepramine (deaths per million prescriptions, England, Wales and Scotland, 1982-1986) is significantly lower than the mean of all antidepressants (P less than 0.001). It thus appears that the low toxicity of lofepramine in animal experiments applies also to man, and that this drug has a favourable safety profile when taken in acute overdose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Missing ingredients: aging and the discrimination of flavor.

An experiment explored how well young, middle-aged, and elderly subjects could discriminate the presence or absence of the spice marjoram in a soup prepared according to a published recipe. Whereas most young made the discrimination at a level above chance, most middle-aged and elderly failed to. A clinical test that entails odor threshold and identification revealed that olfactory ability also diminished with age among these subjects. Furthermore, the odor thresholds measured in the test correlated significantly with the subjects' ability to discriminate flavor. Subsequent testing wherein subjects sought to discriminate flavor with their noses blocked confirmed that olfactory ability largely underlay the discrimination. The results emphasize that losses in olfaction measured most commonly with environmental odors are serious enough to have an impact on discrimination of flavors in everyday foods, even among persons of middle age. Loss of such discriminative capacity may entail risks of avoiding dangerous and overlooking beneficial ingredients in foods.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The pharmacokinetics of the biliary excretion of ciprofloxacin.

The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin excretion have been studied in 54 patients undergoing biliary and pancreatic operations with and without obstruction of the common bile duct. High concentrations were achieved in common duct bile within 20 minutes of intravenous injection and persisted for over 3 hours after 100 mg and for over 8 hours after 200 mg. The concentration of ciprofloxacin in the bile of functioning gall bladders was much greater than that in the common duct bile. Remarkably, it was identified in therapeutic concentrations in the bile of obstructed ducts. This and the rapid fall from initially high venous concentrations probably reflect diffusion from the circulation as a result of the exceptional tissue penetration. A unique feature of this study was the finding of clinically significant concentrations in the bile of obstructed ducts. Two patients developed wound infection and no side effects were observed. The broad spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin has potential as a useful agent for prophylaxis in biliary surgery maintaining biliary and venous concentrations in excess of the MIC90 for most biliary pathogens for more than 8 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Correlation of 2-PAM plasma levels after organophosphate intoxication.

In order to investigate the pathophysiological effects of organophosphorus poisoning on therapeutic compounds, multiples of the LD50 for sarin and soman were injected into guinea pigs after which 2-PAM and atropine sulfate were administered intramuscularly. It was found that intoxication by sarin or soman in therapeutically treated animals resulted in modifications of plasma oxime concentrations. Peak plasma (CPmax) concentrations and areas under the curve (AUC) between 1 to 10 min after the injection of 2-PAM were altered in a systematic fashion which correlated to the multiple of the LD50 (r greater than 0.9498). The effect of the sarin and soman was studied at fractions of the LD50, i.e. 0.7s, 1.5, 2.2, 2.8, 5.6, 11.2. The influence of the organophosphorus poisons on the plasma concentration of 2-PAM is biphasic. Multiples of the LD50 equal to or below 2.2 tend to decrease, whereas multiples equal to or above 2.8 tend to increase CPmax and AUC in different groups of animals. Changes in the plasma concentrations of 2-PAM may result from alterations in blood flow rates and patterns which would alter the distribution and elimination of 2-PAM.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of Fc receptors on the surface of B lymphocytes.

Human blood lymphocytes were tested by an immunofluorescence technique for surface immunoglobulin and by a rosette test with IgG-sensitised red cells for Fc receptors. From combined tests and experiments involving fractionation of lymphocyte populations it is concluded that Fc receptors are demonstrable on most B lymphocytes by the rosette test, but only if the red cells are optimally sensitised. These observations are advanced as an explanation of the discrepant results of surface marker tests on B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ultrafiltration evidence of ion binding by macromolecules in urine.

In an effort to rationalize the difference between computed estimates of urinary calcium oxalate supersaturation and estimates obtained by equilibrating urine with solid calcium oxalate, we examined ultrasfiltered urine for the binding of urinary ions. Urine was passed through a filter with a nominal passage cutoff of 1000 Daltons. The average reduction in concentration of the ultrafiltrate was 12.7 per cent for oxalate, 11.9 per cent for phosphate, 9.4 percent for calcium, 7.6 per cent for magnesium, and 6.9 per cent for sodium. From these results we conclude that calculations of urinary ion equilibrium will give better estimates if the composition of ultrafiltered urine is used.

Calcium↗
PubMed1978

The expectation of free and fixed particles in urinary stone disease.

There is a paucity of literature concerning the origin of urinary stone disease. This report uses information currently available to examine the likelihood of urinary stone disease starting from free or fixed crystalluric particles. We conclude that stone disease in the renal tubules and renal pelvis cannot begin on unattached (free) particles. However, in conditions associated with stone formation, initiation of bladder stone disease on free particles seems quite likely.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Increase in peripheral blood 'null' cells in extrinsic bronchial asthma.

Lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in the peripheral blood of fifteen patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma and twenty-seven normal control subjects. No significant differences in the absolute numbers of relative proportions of T, B or K lymphocytes were found. Antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (K-cell activity) was also found to be normal. The proportion and absolute number of 'null' cells were significantly increased in the asthmatic group: this population did not correlate with serum IgE levels, the eosinophil count or the duration of disease. The significance of these results in relation to suppressor T-cell control of IgE formation is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anorexia nervosa: changes in sexuality during weight restoration.

OBJECTIVE: We examined changes in sexual drive during weight restoration in patients with anorexia nervosa. METHODS: Eleven women with anorexia nervosa prospectively completed the Sexual Daydreaming Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at five time points during inpatient treatment involving weight restoration. SDQ and HADS scores were recorded every 4 weeks until 8 weeks after subjects had reached the mean matched population weight (MMPW), which was monitored against body mass index (BMI). Histories were 'taken for purging, self-cutting, childhood sexual abuse, and number of sexual partners. Repeated-measures analysis of variance, regression analyses, and t tests were performed. RESULTS: BMI and sexual daydreaming were closely associated (p < .001). BMI and depression also achieved a statistically significant association (p = .046), with "caseness" for anxiety disorder throughout. Higher levels of sexual drive at MMPW seemed to be associated with purging, self-cutting, and childhood sexual abuse but not at low weight. Levels of sexual drive did not reflect previous sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in sexual drive accompanies weight restoration in patients with anorexia nervosa, which is consistent with psychological and physiological explanations of altered sexuality. Transient depression is also associated with weight gain. Changes in sexuality should be considered in both recovery and treatment failure.

Adult↗