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Biomedical subjects

F S Cramer

Publications and source records attributed to F S Cramer.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Oxygen and acceleration.

Significant numbers of high performance fighter aircraft continue to be lost due to acceleration (Gz)-induced loss of consciousness. This is due to the rapid onset of high sustained Gz which results in the sudden loss of blood flow to the brain. Present research efforts to extend Gz tolerance are directed toward the maintenance of cerebral blood flow, i.e. straining maneuvers, anti-G suits, tilt seats. The purpose of this paper is to review the present situation and discuss the potential benefit of breathing 100% oxygen at high pressure. Basic science evidence and experience with hyperbaric oxygen in the clinical setting suggest that if the oxygen concentration in the brain tissue is increased, prior to the onset of Gz, additional time of useful consciousness may be realized. The advanced tactical fighter, now in the design stage, will have a sustained Gz capability of 12-14 Gz. This is above human tolerance at the present time and provides an impetus for future acceleration research. Continued aircraft loss due to Gz loss of consciousness will remain an operational problem in aerospace pathology in the 1990s and beyond.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1987

Necrotizing fasciitis from invasive Phycomycetes.

Invasive phycomycotic fungal infections are life-threatening complications in patients with impaired immune response. A successful outcome usually depends on early aggressive treatment. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been suggested as adjuvant therapy based on theoretical considerations and in vitro evidence of fungal growth retardation. A standard gas gangrene HBO protocol was used to treat a progressive necrotizing polymicrobial soft-tissue infection of the lower extremity in a patient with normal host defenses. Progression of the fungal infection was stopped only after radical surgical debridement. This Phycomycetes (Apophycomyces elegans) has not been previously reported as a pathogen in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cerebral air embolism resulting from invasive medical procedures. Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen.

The introduction of air into the venous or arterial circulation can cause cerebral air embolism, leading to severe neurological deficit or death. Air injected into the arterial circulation may have direct access to the cerebral circulation. A patent foramen ovale provides a right-to-left shunt for venous air to embolize to the cerebral arteries. The ability of the pulmonary vasculature to filter air may be exceeded by bolus injections of large amounts of air. Sixteen patients underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy for cerebral air embolism. Neurological symptoms included focal motor deficit, changes in sensorium, and visual and sensory deficits. Eight patients (50%) had complete relief of symptoms as a result of hyperbaric treatment, five (31%) had partial relief, and three patients (19%) had no benefit, two of whom died. The treatment of cerebral air embolism with hyperbaric oxygen is based upon mechanical compression of air bubbles to a much smaller size and the delivery of high doses of oxygen to ischemic brain tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Stomach rupture as a result of gastrointestinal barotrauma in a SCUBA diver.

A single case of operatively proven spontaneous rupture of a normal stomach secondary to diving barotrauma is reported. The rupture was linear and located along the lesser curvature, as described most commonly in adults. Possible mechanisms to explain the closed loop obstruction required to produce this phenomenon are the swallowing of water and filling of the stomach with air, while trapped under water, at a depth of 27 meters. To the best of the authors' knowledge this case represents the first report of gastric rupture secondary to SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) diving. The presence of a normal abdominal examination by an experienced observed while compressed in the chamber does not preclude the diagnosis of a perforated viscus.

Adult↗