Injection of rabbits with Freund's complete adjuvant containing bovine gamma-globulin substituted to near saturation with dinitrophenyl groups leads to the production of large amounts of antibodies specific for the 2,4-dinitrophenyl substituent. These antibodies can be isolated from sera in satisfactory yield (40 per cent) and in a high state of purity (90 per cent specifically precipitable). Hapten dissolution, which was used to screen haptens for their potential usefulness as specific reagents in the purification procedure, provides a means for evaluating, in relative terms, antibody-hapten affinities (in competition with antigen).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1960

Specific inhibition of wheal-and-erythema responses with univalent haptens and univalent antibody fragments.

Wheal-and-erythema responses were studied in normal human volunteers and in a single human subject who is sensitive to the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. In the normal subjects, reactive skin sites were established by intradermal injection of purified rabbit antibody specific for the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. In both the active and passively sensitized subjects, wheal-and-erythema was elicited by intradermal injection of a 2,4-dinitrophenyl protein, but not by injection of the same conjugate mixed with certain low molecular weight 2,4-dinitrophenyl haptens or with univalent fragments split by papain from anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl antibody. The latter fragments, unlike intact, bivalent, antibody, do not sensitize normal human skin sites. From these and other observations it is concluded that the wheal-and-erythema response in human skin requires mutually multivalent antigen and antibody. This requirement suggests that multimolecular complexes, containing at least 2 antigen and 2 antibody molecules, are essential in the pathogenesis of this allergic response.

Animals↗

PubMed1957

Pheochromocytoma: diagnosis and treatment illustrated by a case report.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗