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Biomedical subjects

F S Monteagudo

Publications and source records attributed to F S Monteagudo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cardiac glycoside poisoning involved in deaths from traditional medicines.

Autopsy cases (from all areas of South Africa except the Cape Province) are referred for chemical investigation to the Johannesburg Forensic Chemistry Laboratory of the State Health Department. Over a 1-year period in 41 autopsies where death was presumed to have been caused by a herbal medicine, the presence of cardiac glycosides was sought and was found in 44%. Most of the cases were from the Transvaal, followed by Natal. Clinical histories of the patients revealed that gastrointestinal irritation was the most common syndrome experienced after traditional medicine administration (54%). It is concluded that in patients presenting with gastro-intestinal symptoms, presumably due to poisoning by traditional medicines, cardiac glycoside poisoning should be suspected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The combined effect of iron chelators and classical antimalarials on the in-vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum.

The emergence of drug resistant malaria has prompted an intensified search for new antimalarials or combinations of such drugs. Iron chelating agents may represent a new approach to antimalarial treatment and could possibly be used in combination with classical antimalarials. Plasmodium falciparum (FCR-3) strain used at a 1% haematocrit, was subjected to various combinations of the classic antimalarials (chloroquine, pyrimethamine and quinine) and iron chelating agents (desferrioxamine and 2,2'-bipyridyl) in vitro. Tritiated hypoxanthine incorporation was used to determine the growth of the malarial parasites. The iron chelating agents and classic antimalarials when tested alone were found to inhibit the growth of the late stages of the parasite. The combination of the classic antimalarials and iron chelating agents resulted in additive effects on the in-vitro growth of P. falciparum.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The pharmacokinetic of amikacin in critically ill adult and paediatric patients: comparison of once- versus twice-daily dosing regimens.

The pharmacokinetic profile of amikacin was analysed by a two-compartment model in 100 critically-ill adult and paediatric patients with normal renal function. In addition the serum amikacin levels in 200 patients randomized to receive a once- or twice-daily dosing regimen are reported. The mean volume of distribution (Vdt) was 0.33 l/kg in the adult patients, 0.50 l/kg in patients 6 to 12 months of age and 0.58 l/kg in patients less than 6 months old. The elimination half-life was prolonged, being 3.45, 2.86 and 5.02 h for the respective age groups (normal 2 h). The clearances dose/AUC) were 0.051, 0.068 and 0.063 l/h/kg respectively. Within each group of patients there was a large variation in the pharmacokinetic parameters, with the Vdt varying by a factor of 6 and the elimination half-life by a factor of 10. All patients receiving a once-daily dose of amikacin had therapeutic peak concentrations. In comparison, therapeutic concentrations were achieved in only 48% of adult and 44% of the paediatric patients receiving the twice-daily dosing regimen. Furthermore the amikacin trough concentrations were significantly higher in the patients who received a divided daily dose. As a consequence of the pharmacokinetic profile of amikacin in critically ill patients a once-daily dosing regimen may be more effective and less toxic than the conventional twice-daily dosing regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Malaria at Johannesburg Hospital. A retrospective study.

A total of 43 patients diagnosed as having malaria were admitted to Johannesburg Hospital during 1988; 40 (94%) were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Only 26 patients (60%) were recorded as having used prophylaxis of any kind; chloroquine alone and in combination was used as prophylaxis by 17. Patients were treated with quinine (alone or in combination) in 67% of cases. In 42% of patients chloroquine-resistant malaria was considered a possibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Aluminium excretion by the distal tubule of the pig kidney.

The renal tubular handling of aluminium was investigated, using the stop-flow method, in 8 pigs (2 controls, 2 'dose range', and 4 experimental). Aluminium was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. In 11 stop-flow studies in the 4 experimental pigs, intratubular aluminium concentrations, corrected for water reabsorption, peaked in the distal nephron. Interrupted stop-flow revealed that aluminium was excreted into the tubule at this site. The aluminium excretion site was situated at or close to the sites of maximal calcium and sodium reabsorption. Aluminium excretion occurs in the distal tubule of the pig kidney.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1987

Paracetamol poisoning at Groote Schuur Hospital. A 5-year experience.

A retrospective study was undertaken to investigate experience at Groote Schuur Hospital of paracetamol poisoning from 1981 to 1985. The major points noted in the 91 cases studied were, firstly, that paracetamol poisoning is a common toxicological event at the hospital with approximately 1 admission every 3 weeks. Secondly, there were 5 cases admitted with repeated sub-toxic overdosing with considerable associated morbidity. Thirdly, cimetidine formed part of the therapy in 10 cases, although the clinical use of the drug in this setting is not well established. Thus, although similar in many respects to other studies, this study demonstrates differences which have increased our understanding of the problem locally.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1987

Phenytoin overdose.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of gout in men and women. A 10-year experience.

The clinical features of gout in men and women are compared in a retrospective study of hospital patients and outpatients attending an arthritis clinic. Men had a readily recognized pattern of disease in terms of age of onset, duration of disease, and tophaceous gout. Recurrent mono-arthritis of the big toe metatarsophalangeal joint culminating in tophaceous polyarticular gout after many years was a stereotyped pattern. In women, polyarticular/tophaceous disease was often the first manifestation of gout, and a preceding recurrent mono-arthritis was found in joints other than the big toe. The duration of disease before tophi appeared was shorter. The use of diuretics was commonplace, and associated disease such as hypertension or chronic renal failure is frequent in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Combined phenylketonuria and pyruvate kinase deficiency. A case report.

We report on a 14-year-old boy who has both phenylketonuria (PKU) and pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD). Each of these autosomal recessive conditions is a rarity in itself, and we believe that this is the first reported instance of PKU and PKD occurring in the same individual.

Adolescent↗