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Biomedical subjects

F S Salama

Publications and source records attributed to F S Salama.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Marginal seal of sealant and compomer materials with and without enameloplasty.

OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study evaluated the quality of marginal seal and fissure penetration of a resin-sealant (Concise) and a compomer restorative material (F2000) with and without enameloplasty. SAMPLE AND DESIGN: Thirty extracted sound human permanent third molar teeth were divided into six groups of five and used in this in vitro study. METHODS: Occlusal surfaces of the teeth in different groups were either left intact or prepared using a #582 S diamond bur. Teeth were then restored with Concise and F2000 restorative materials using combinations of different surface treatments. Teeth were prepared for microleakage, then immersed in 5% methylene blue for 4 h, and subsequently sectioned into four bucco-lingual sections. Sections (20 per group) were examined using a stereomicroscope. The following parameters were evaluated: marginal leakage, marginal gap, voids and filling defects, as well as enamel fissure penetration. RESULTS: Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the groups for marginal leakage (P < 0.0001), marginal gap (P < 0.001), and enamel fissure penetration (P < 0.001). No statistically significant differences between the groups for voids and filling defects were detected. Non-parametric Tukey's multiple range test showed that microleakage of sealant with acid etch and tooth preparation and compomer with acid etch, bonding agent and tooth preparation were statistically significantly less than that of compomer with bonding agent and no tooth preparation (P < 0.0001) and compomer with bonding agent and tooth preparation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Microleakage is similar when sealant with acid etching, and compomer with acid etching and bonding agent, are used with and without enameloplasty. Marginal gap is more evident in the compomer group with bonding agent and without enameloplasty. Enamel fissure penetration is better when enameloplasty and acid etching are used.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Shear bond strength of six restorative materials.

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the shear bond strength of a conventional glass-ionomer cement, a resin modified glass-ionomer, a composite resin and three compomer restorative materials. Dentin of the occlusal surfaces from sixty extracted human permanent molars were prepared for shear bond strength testing. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups of 10 each. Dentinal surfaces were treated according to the instructions of manufacturers for each material. Each restorative material was placed inside nylon cylinders 2 mm high with an internal diameter of 3 mm, which were placed perpendicular to dentin surfaces. Shear bond strengths were determined using an Universal Testing Machine at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min in a compression mode. Conventional glass-ionomer, Ketac-Molar aplicap showed the lowest mean shear bond strength 3.77+/-1.76 (X +/- SD MPa) and the composite resin, Heliomolar showed the highest mean shear bond strength 16.54+/-1.65 while the mean bond strength of Fuji II LC was 9.55+/-1.06. The shear bond strengths of compomer restorative materials were 12.83+/-1.42, 10.64+/-1.42 and 11.19+/-1.19 for Compoglass, Hytac and Dyract respectively. ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the mean shear bond strengths of all groups (P<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the three compomer materials (P>0.5). Ketac-Molar and composite resin showed statistically significant difference (P<0.0005). The mode of fracture varied between materials. It is concluded that the compomer restorative materials show higher shear bond strength than conventional glass-ionomer and resin modified glass-ionomer, but less than composite resin. The fracture mode is not related to the shear bond strengths values.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1998

Effect of laser pretreated enamel and dentin of primary teeth on microleakage of different restorative materials.

Surface texture of the prepared dental tissue is one of the most important factors affecting the clinical performance of dental restorations. This surface area is greatly affected by the surface treatment modality used and the restorative material applied. Therefore, the purpose of this in vitro investigation was to study the effect of laser pretreatment of enamel and dentin in Class V cavities of human primary molars on microleakage of three restorative materials; a compomer, a composite resin and a Galloy. Forty-eight extracted human primary molar teeth divided into 6 groups [3 control & 3 experimental] were used in this study. A standardized Class V cavity involving enamel and dentin was made in the buccal surface of each tooth and the experimental groups were exposed to Nd: YAG laser for 90 seconds. Teeth in all groups were then restored with the tested materials according to the instructions of the manufacturers. The teeth were prepared for microleakage testing and then immersed in 5% methylene blue for 4 hours. Each tooth was subsequently sectioned and examined for dye penetration along the occlusal and gingival walls. Tukey's multiple range test showed that combined microleakage scores of unlased Pertac II, was statistically significantly higher than lased Hytac, lased Pertac II, unlased Galloy and lased Galloy. Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test showed statistically significant difference for unlased Pertac II group [p = 0.0176] when occlusal Vs gingival scores were compared. In conclusion, microleakage of unlased Galloy restorations were statistically significantly better than unlased Hytac and Pertac II groups. In addition, microleakage scores of lased Pertac II group was statistically significantly lower than unlased group. No statistically significant differences were found between lased and unlased Hytac and Galloy restorative materials.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Shear bond strength of Dyract compomer material to dentin of primary molars.

The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the shear bond strength and fracture pattern of Dyract compomer material with and without use of PSA prime/adhesive as well as 35% phosphoric acid etching to the buccal dentin of primary first and second molars. In addition, micromorphology of the restorative surfaces opposing the tooth structure following these different surface treatments was evaluated. For shear bond strength measurement and fracture pattern evaluation, 36 extracted non-restored human primary molars with mild to moderate caries divided into 3 groups of 12 teeth each were used. Dyract with and without use of PSA prime/adhesive as well as 35% phosphoric acid etching for 15 seconds prior to placement of PSA prime/adhesive was applied to the buccal surface of exposed dentin. A standardized tube of Dyract was placed on each dentin surface and polymerized. The tubes were sheared off with a Universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 12.7 mm/min. For evaluation of the restorative surfaces opposing the tooth structure, 9 teeth divided into 3 groups of 3 teeth each were used to prepare the specimens, which were then demineralized in 10% hydrochloric acid for 24 hours. Fitting surfaces of these specimens were prepared and examined using scanning electron microscope. Tukey's multiple range test showed that the shear bond strength of Dyract with PSA prime/adhesive (group 1) was statistically significantly higher than Dyract without PSA prime/adhesive (group 2) and phosphoric acid etching (group 3). The shear bond strength in group 1 averaged 5.89 +/- 1.40 (X + SD MPa) while for groups 2 and averaged 1.49 +/- 0.69 and 3.69 +/- 0.89 respectively. Pretreatment of dentin surface with 35% phosphoric acid increased resin tags formation but it did significantly lower shear bond strength of Dyract with PSA prime/adhesive to dentin of primary molars. Bond failure patterns for all groups were only adhesive and mixed type failures.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1996

Characteristics of primary dentition occlusion in a group of Saudi children.

Occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition vary among populations and ethnic groups. This cross-sectional study aimed to record various primary dentition parameters in 520 3-5-year-old randomly selected Saudi children and to observe the differences between the age groups. 80% of the children had a 'flush terminal plane' molar relationship. The proportion of the children with 'distal step' molar relationship was significantly lower at age 5 (7%) than at age 3 (16%). 86% of the children had Class I canine relationship, with no significant differences between the age groups. The degree of overbite was significantly less in the 5-year-olds than in the 3-year-olds. The majority of the children (76%) had an overjet of 0-2 mm, but the prevalence of 0-1 mm overjet was significantly higher, and that of 2-3 mm significantly lower, in the elder age group. The prevalence of anterior crossbite was 2% and of posterior crossbite 4%. The prevalence of malocclusion was lower in these subjects than in some Caucasian populations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Resin-modified glass ionomer restorations in primary molars: a comparison of three in vitro procedures.

In recent years, interest in the use of glass ionomer cements as a restorative material has been increased. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of a glass ionomer restorative material (Vitremer TM) in Class V cavities of primary molars using three different application procedures. The experimental material consisted of 24 freshly extracted human primary molars in which a standardized class V cavities were prepared and restored with Vitremer utilizing three different application procedures (Vitremer with conditioner, with conditioner and primer or with primer). Teeth were covered with green stick compound and nail polish except approximately 1 mm from the class V cavities margins. Later, teeth were immersed in 5% methylene blue for 4 hours, rinsed with water and embedded in acrylic resin. The marginal microleakage was assessed according to the degree of dye penetration of the occlusal and cervical margins. The results showed no significant difference between the three different application procedures. However, the occlusal margin microleakage was significantly higher than the cervical margin (P = 0.0079). It was concluded that using different application procedures of Vitremer, including the recommendations of the manufacturer does not affect microleakage of class V cavities in primary molars.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1995

Microleakage and marginal gap formation of glass ionomer resin restorations.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare microleakage and marginal gap formation of three light-cured glass ionomer cements (LCGI). Thirty non-carious human premolar teeth were used in this study. A Class V cavity was prepared in the buccal surface of each tooth. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 10 teeth each and restored with three LCGI materials. The teeth in each group were processed for microleakage study using 5% methylene blue. Subsequently, each tooth was embedded in acrylic resin and sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction. Examination of the specimens for dye penetration was done. Later, evaluation of marginal gap formation and analysis of adhesion mechanism were done using SEM. The results indicated that LCGI restorations placed in vitro without thermocycling did not consistently prevent microleakage. Vari Glass VLC showed the least leakage. There was no significant difference in the microleakage between the occlusal and gingival margins. Marginal gap formation was found only in one LCGI material. Generally, the presence of a clearly identified ion-exchange layer was not found.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1994

Gluma bond strength to the dentin of primary molars.

The purposes of this study were to measure and compare etching patterns, tensile bond strengths and fracture patterns of Gluma/Lumifor system to the buccal dentin of primary molars following application of Gluma cleanser and 37% phosphoric acid. The tensile bond strength of Gluma/Lumifor to the buccal dentin following application of Gluma cleanser averaged 5.53 +/- 3.27 (x +/- SD MPa) which is significantly greater than bond strength following application of only 37% phosphoric acid 2.04 +/- 0.67. Etching ground buccal dentin surfaces with 37% phosphoric acid has no significant different effect on the bond strength of Gluma/Lumifor combination. Gluma cleanser showed effective removal of the smear layer and partial plugging of the dentinal tubules, while 37% phosphoric acid showed complete removal of the smear layer creating opened dentinal tubules.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1994

Natal and neonatal teeth.

The purpose of this report is to present two cases of natal and neonatal teeth including discussion on the various features concerning these conditions as well as the possible management strategies. The first case is a natal tooth in a newborn Saudi girl while the second case is two neonatal teeth in a Saudi boy.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Hypodontia of primary and permanent teeth in a sample of Saudi children.

Hypodontia, congenitally missing teeth is more common in permanent than primary dentition. The present investigation reports the prevalence and pattern of hypodontia in the primary and permanent dentitions, excluding third molars in a sample of Saudi children. The sample consists of 1,300 children, aged 5 to 10 years of age. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. The prevalence of children with hypodontia was found to be 2.6 percent. The mandibular second premolar was the tooth most frequently absent and account for 45 percent of the total missing teeth. In primary dentition, the maxillary lateral incisor was the tooth most frequently absent (9%). A peg-shaped permanent maxillary lateral incisor was present in 0.7 percent of the sample. Congenitally missing teeth were almost equally distributed between maxillary (52%) and mandibular (48%) arches.

Anodontia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of Gluma bond strength to primary vs. permanent teeth.

The purpose of this study was to measure the shear bond strength of Gluma/Lumifor (Gluma and Lumifor--Columbus Dental, St. Louis, MO) to the occlusal dentin of primary first and second molars, permanent first and second molars and premolars. The data were examined for differences using a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range test. The shear bond strength, (kc/cm2, x +/- SEM) to primary molars was 85.6 +/- 13.7, to permanent molars was 110.1 +/- 9.3, and to premolars was 124.0 +/- 9.3. Gluma/Lumifor provides moderately good bonding to dentin. The bond strengths of Gluma/Lumifor to primary molars was statistically significantly lower than to permanent teeth.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparing treatment options for occlusal surfaces utilizing an invasive index.

The purpose of this project was to develop an invasive index to: 1) compare the treatments recommended by dentists for the occlusal surfaces of molars; 2) compare the invasive index score of each tooth with the extent of the carious lesion as determined by electrical resistance and histological examination; and 3) compare the relative extent of the total crown destruction resulting from the carious lesion and the cavity preparation. Twenty dentists examined 19 extracted permanent molar teeth using a #23 explorer and selected the most appropriate treatment from the following options: no treatment (score 0), occlusal sealant (score 1), preventive resin (score 2), occlusal amalgam (score 3). The invasive index scores determined for each dentist and each tooth were compared using an analysis of variance. The electrical conductivity of each tooth was measured with an electronic caries detector (Vanguard). Electrical resistance scores were compared to the invasive index scores and to a histological examination. The results demonstrate that the invasive index is a useful means to compare treatments recommended by different dentists. The invasive index suggests there is considerable variation among dentists in the treatment they recommend for occlusal surfaces. Electrical resistance testing did not provide helpful information for treatment planning of questionably carious occlusal surfaces.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sucking habits in Saudi children: prevalence, contributing factors and effects on the primary dentition.

A review of the literature on the prevalence of sucking habits shows that it varies from one population to another. The purposes of this study were to: 1) determine the prevalence of sucking habits among preschool Saudi children living in Riyadh City, 2) assess the influence of some cultural factors on that prevalence, and 3) to study the effect these habits might have on the primary dentition. This cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey questionnaire and clinical examination of 583 Saudi children aged 3-5 years using a stratified cluster random sampling technique. The prevalence of sucking habits was 48.36% with the dummy-sucking as the dominant type. Most dummy-suckers had broken their habits in the first few years of life while more digit-suckers were still active at age 5 years. Sucking habits were only related to parents' education and the child feeding methods without significant effect of gender or birth rank or family income. Children with existing digit sucking habits had significantly (P < 0.05) more distal molar and class II canine relationships, larger overjet, and open bite than did children without sucking habits. These differences were even more significant (P < 0.01) when dummy-suckers were compared with nonsuckers. The only measurable effect of previous sucking habits was a more open bite. Posterior crossbite was no more common in children with sucking habits than in children without these habits.

Birth Order↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in vitro comparison of four surface preparation techniques for veneering a compomer to stainless steel.

Compomers are a new class of materials reportedly having the anticariogenicity and the bonding ability to metals similar to glass ionomers while maintaining the high esthetic qualities of composite resins. The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the shear bond strength and fracture pattern of a compomer (Dyract) to stainless steel crowns (SSCs) using different mechanical and chemical retention procedures for possible future development of a chair-side technique of producing esthetic SSCs. Thirty-two Unitek SSCs, divided into four groups, were mounted in autopolymerizing acrylic resin so that the resulting specimen has the crown's flat lingual surface projecting above and parallel to the top surface of the acrylic resin block. Dyract was placed in transparent nylon cylinders (3 x 3 mm) and bonded to SSC's surfaces directly (group 1) or following sandblasting of the SSCs (group 2). In group 3, Dyract was bonded to stainless steel lingual cleats that were previously spot-welded to the SSCs. In group 4, Dyract was bonded to sandblasted SSC's surfaces using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus dental adhesive. Specimens were placed in deionized water for 1 hr at 37 degrees C. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The mean (SD) shear bond strengths in MPa for groups 1-4 respectively were as follows: 2.998 (1.381), 9.518 (2.464), 13.909 (1.653), and 9.372 (3.723). One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple range tests revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (P < 0.00001). While no significant difference was found between groups 2 and 4 in which Dyract-PSA prime/adhesive and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus dental adhesive were used, group 3 had significantly higher shear bond strength than other groups. Stereoscopic and SEM examinations revealed adhesive and mixed bond failures. It is concluded that the bond strength of Dyract to SSCs could be enhanced significantly by applying simple mechanical means of retention that could be available in dental offices.

Adhesives↗