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Biomedical subjects

F Sadiq

Publications and source records attributed to F Sadiq.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Massive unilateral chylous pleural effusion: a rare initial presentation of Behcet's disease.

Pulmonary manifestations of Behcet's disease are not very common and usually include pulmonary artery aneurysms, central venous thrombosis, pneumonia and pleurisy. Chylothorax secondary to superior vena caval obstruction is a rare complication and has been reported in only a few cases. We report a case of a 24-year-old man presenting with massive chylothorax as the initial presentation of Behcet's disease that was successfully treated conservatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

HBsAg ELISA: comparison of serum and uncentrifuged plasma samples dried on filter paper.

To compare the serum and uncentrifuged plasma for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), ninety samples were analysed. The study was conducted so that in the field, where no amenities are available especially in countries like Pakistan, the separated but uncentrifuged plasma may be preserved by spotting on the filter paper for sero-epidemiological studies later. It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the serum and uncentrifuged plasma values.

Centrifugation↗
PubMed1994

Predictive capabilities of preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function tests in delayed repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

To improve the survival of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CHD), preoperative stabilization with conventional ventilatory therapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have been used. Measurements that quantify pulmonary function may allow an accurate assessment of lethal pulmonary hypoplasia and predict outcome. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were obtained in 20 infants preoperatively and postoperatively; these included measurements of compliance, dynamic compliance, and tidal volume. Overall survival was 75%. Six surviving infants were initially managed with ventilator therapy alone, followed by repair (group 1). The remaining 14 patients, who were moribund at presentation or whose initial ventilator therapy failed, were placed on ECMO and received repair during bypass; nine survived (group 2), and five died (group 3). Compliance, dynamic compliance, and tidal volume obtained at initial presentation and immediately preoperatively were significantly higher for group 1 as compared with groups 2 and 3. Infants whose initial compliance was greater than 0.25 mL/cm H2O/kg and initial tidal volume was greater than 3.5 mL/kg did not require ECMO. Ultimate improvement in compliance was noted in 5 of 6 patients in group 1, 8 of 8 patients in group 2, and 5 of 5 in group 3. This improvement followed an initial decline in compliance in 9 of 14 survivors, from 15% to 76%. All six patients in group 1 had tidal volumes of more than 4 mL/kg, as did 7 of 9 patients in group 2. Only one patient among the ECMO nonsurvivors (group 3) had a postoperative tidal volume of this magnitude. These data suggest that initial PFTs may predict which infants will require ECMO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation↗
PubMed1990

Long-term maternal-fetal exposure to high-low insulin concentrations alter liver but not brain insulin receptors.

We investigated the effects of long-term (5 to 6 days) in vivo exposure to hyperinsulinemia and hypoinsulinemia on maternal and fetal rat (18 to 20 days' gestation; term approximately 21 days) brain and liver insulin receptors. Further we studied the in vitro effects of long-term insulin exposure on cultured rabbit neuronal cell insulin receptors. Long-term glucose infusions to maternal rats resulted in maternal and fetal hyperglycemia and mild hyperinsulinemia, which decreases the liver insulin receptor abundance of the mother but increased that of the fetus. Streptozotocin-induced maternal diabetes resulted in maternal and fetal hyperglycemia with hypoinsulinemia (or near-normal insulin levels) and increased maternal and fetal liver insulin receptors. The maternal and fetal brain insulin receptor abundance failed to change at high or low insulin concentrations. Similarly long-term insulin (5 micrograms/ml) exposure failed to alter cultured neuronal cell insulin receptors as well. We conclude that perturbations in maternal and fetal circulating insulin concentrations fail to affect the brain insulin receptors. This protective phenomenon may be critical in maintaining the normal neuronal energy balance and functioning during certain disease states such as diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinism.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The ontogeny of the rabbit brain glucose transporter.

We investigated the presence of three specific types of glucose transporters (GT) within the rabbit central nervous system during various developmental stages. Employing the Hep G2/brain-type insulin-insensitive and the insulin-responsive (IRGT; adipocyte/skeletal muscle type) GT antibody and cDNA, we studied protein and mRNA within the whole brain (25-, 27-, and 30-day-old fetus; 1-, 5-, 10-day-old neonate; and adult), using cultured neuronal and glial cells, by Western and Northern blot analysis. Similarly, using the insulin-insensitive human fetal skeletal muscle-type (GLUT-3) GT cDNA, we characterized this mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Additional confirmation of cell specificity was sought by performing immunohistochemical staining on the neuronal and glial cells to detect the specific type of GT protein. We observed a developmental regulation of brain-type GT within the whole brain, the peak abundance of protein and mRNA occurring in the adult, followed next by the fetus. No IRGT was detected within the whole brain at any stage of development. Contrary to the brain-type GT mRNA, GLUT-3 mRNA was found to be most abundant in the 10-day-old neonate and adult, followed next by the early neonate, with little in the fetus. Within isolated brain cell cultures, the mRNAs for the brain- and GLUT-3-types of GTs were abundantly present within glial cells, with considerably lesser amounts noted within the neurons. IRGT, on the other hand, revealed rather weak mRNA bands in both glial and neuronal cells. Western blotting revealed a brain type of GT protein within the glial cells alone; the neuronal cells for the most part were devoid of both the brain-type and the IRGT proteins. Further immunohistochemical staining confirmed the definite presence of the brain-type GT within the glial cells, with slight immunoreactivity observed within the neurons. Additionally, no significant IRGT immunoreactivity was observed within either cell type. We did not study the GLUT-3 type of immunoreactivity within neurons and glia. We conclude that both the Hep G2/brain and the GLUT-3 types, and not the IRGT, are developmentally regulated within the whole brain. Further, the Hep G2/brain and the GLUT-3 types of GTs are distinctly present within glial cells, with none to minute amounts present within the neurons. No IRGT protein is observed within the whole brain and the two cell types. These results suggest a differential expression of specific GT types within the neuronal and glial components of the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The heterogeneity of the developing brain insulin receptor.

Comparison of the adult brain insulin receptor (IR) to other tissue IR demonstrates that the former migrates approximately 10 kD faster on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis due to deficient sialic acid content of the asparagine N-linked carbohydrate moieties. We studied these receptors in the fetal rat (18-day) brain (approximately 125 kD) and liver (approximately 135 kD), and demonstrated that similar differences are present during fetal life. These differences are not modified by hyperglycemia associated with both mild hyperinsulinemia and normoinsulinemia/hypoinsulinemia. We further studied the specific brain cell types: neurons, glial cells, and purified microvessel preparation, and demonstrated a heterogeneity in the N-linked glycosylation of the IR within an organ (brain). The neuronal (approximately 125 kD) and microvascular (approximately 125 kD, approximately 135 kD) IR are deficient in sialic acid, thus conferring neuraminidase-insensitivity to the whole brain, whereas the glial cell IR, similar to the liver IR, exhibits neuraminidase sensitivity and migrates intermediate (approximately 128 kD) to the liver and brain IR. The functional significance of this receptor heterogeneity between various tissues and cells within the same organ (brain) remains to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Insulin synthesis by isolated rabbit neurons.

Insulin has been identified in the central nervous system of a number of vertebrate species, but the site of synthesis as yet remains unresolved. Two previous studies reported the presence of insulin mRNA in neural tissue, but related efforts to confirm and better localize the cellular origin of the hormone have yielded equivocal results. In the present study we have attempted to clarify this issue by employing both immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization on isolated enriched cultures of rabbit brain neurons and glia. Our data show that a subset (3-5%) of neurons is positively immunoreactive for insulin, but all of the glial cells are negative. The level of staining intensity can be increased by preincubating the neurons with monensin (a Na+ ionophore that prevents cell secretory activity), but not the fraction of positive cells. Similarly, in situ hybridization reveals the presence of mRNA in 3-5% of neurons, but no such signal is detected in glia. Thus, our data not only confirm previous reports of insulin in the central nervous system, but, more importantly, indicate that the synthesis of the hormone is local and apparently confined to a subset of neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of simultaneous administration of betamethasone and triiodothyronine (T3) on the development of functional pulmonary maturation in fetal rabbit.

Recent experimental evidence suggests that a combination of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone may be more effective than either hormone alone in accelerating morphologic as well as biochemical mammalian fetal lung maturation. We have demonstrated that IM administration of T3 to the rabbit doe is associated with enhanced functional fetal lung maturation. We investigated the effect of simultaneous administration of T3 and betamethasone on the development of functional fetal lung maturation and the duration of survival after premature delivery. On day 25 and 26 of pregnancy, T3 (175 micrograms/kg/dose) betamethasone (85 micrograms/kg/dose), T3 plus betamethasone or the appropriate amount of the vehicles were injected. The functional fetal pulmonary maturity and the duration of survival after premature delivery were assessed on day 27 of gestation. Although enhanced functional fetal lung maturation was observed after T3 or betamethasone administration, there was no additive effect after simultaneous administration of both. The duration of survival on premature delivery was enhanced in betamethasone but not T3 or T3 plus betamethasone group when compared to control. Further animal experimentation seems necessary before a clinical trial of T3 plus betamethasone therapy is considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Transplacental stimulation of fetal lung maturation: effect of triiodothyronine in the female and male rabbit fetus.

We have recently demonstrated that intramuscular administration of triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) to the rabbit doe results in its transfer across the placenta. In this study we investigated the effect of maternally administered T3 upon the functional and morphologic fetal lung maturation. T3 (175 micrograms/kg) or the vehicle was injected intramuscularly into the New Zealand White rabbit does on days 25 and 26 of gestation. On day 27 of pregnancy, the does were killed and the fetuses were delivered. Maternal and fetal plasma T3, glucose and insulin and fetal plasma corticosteroid concentrations were determined. The functional pulmonary maturity was assessed by performing the pressure-volume hysteresis while morphologic maturity was established by histologic techniques. Enhanced functional as well as morphologic fetal lung maturation was observed in female as well as male fetuses in T3-treated animals. However, there was a significant increase in the fetal mortality after T3 treatment, and the duration of survival in the extrauterine environment on premature delivery was not prolonged.

Animals↗