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Biomedical subjects

F Sauvat

Publications and source records attributed to F Sauvat.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Congenital hyperinsulinism of infancy: surgical treatment in 60 cases of focal form].

Congenital hyperinsulinism of infancy is a severe disease that leads to important brain damage. Two different forms of the disease have been identified by pathologists: a diffuse and a focal form. A specific genetic anomaly identified in focal forms has never been described in diffuse ones. However, for most of authors, failure of medical treatment results in near-total pancreatectomy in all cases, which ends in diabetus. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the results of elective partial pancreatectomy performed in 60 cases of focal form of hyperinsulinism over the last 18 years. Fifty-eight patients were cured with euglycemia at both fasting and hyperglycaemic tests without insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. One patient is still in hypoglycaemia from unrecognized lesion; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus occurred in one case nine years after surgery (a near-total pancreatectomy has been performed because of unknown focal form, in 1985).

Biopsy↗
PubMed2005

Outcome and long-term growth after extensive small bowel resection in the neonatal period: a survey of 87 children.

UNLABELLED: This retrospective study aims to analyze the outcome, the prognosis factors and the long-term growth of children after extensive small bowel (SB) resection in the neonatal period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 87 children, born between 1975 and 1991 who had undergone extensive neonatal small bowel resection, were followed up over a mean period of 15 years. Anatomical data influencing PN dependency and duration were analyzed. Data on height and weight were collected and compared using growth standards. Final heights were studied for patients who achieved their puberty and compared to predicted height based on Tanner's formula. Patients were analyzed according to PN weaning and growth: children still receiving PN (group A), patients weaned from initial PN but requiring PN once again or enteral feeding (group B), and children with permanent intestinal autonomy (group C). RESULTS: The overall survival is 89.7 %, depending on the date of birth. The duration of PN-dependency varies according to the intestinal length and the presence of the ileocaecal valve (ICV). All patients who remain PN dependent had less than 40 cm of small bowel and/or the absence of ICV. Patients in group B had a mean small bowel length of 35 +/- 19 cm, resection of the ICV in 50 % of cases, and a PN duration of 47.4 +/- 23.8 months. There was a significant decrease in height and weight gain within the 4 years after cessation of PN, requiring enteral or parenteral feeding. Patients in group C had a mean small bowel length of 57 +/- 19 cm, presence of ICV in 81 % of cases and a PN duration of 16.1 +/- 11.4 months. After PN weaning, they grow up normally with normal puberty and final height as predicted from genetic target height. CONCLUSION: PN duration is influenced by the length of residual SB and the absence of ICV. With good anatomic prognosis factors and short duration of initial PN, normal long-term growth may be predicted. Conversely, poor anatomical factors and protracted initial PN require careful monitoring of growth and may sometimes require nutritional support to be restarted. The last group, permanently dependent on PN, might be candidates for intestinal transplantation.

Body Size↗
PubMed2002

[Age for testicular torsion?].

UNLABELLED: Classically, testicular torsion occurs in neonates or during puberty. Between these two ages, is it really an exception? METHOD AND PATIENTS: In order to answer the question, we reviewed the charts of the patients referred to the department of pediatric surgery of Bicêtre hospital between 1992 and 2001. We studied the preoperative examinations, the operative data and the long term evolution. Cases of torsion occurring during neonatal or pubertal periods were excluded. RESULTS: During nine years, 86 patients with "acute scrotum symptoms" underwent surgery. The ages of patients ranged from one month to 11 years (average age: five years) in 26 patients, among which 12 had true testicular torsion. Consultation at the emergency room occurred after one to 72 hours (average of 17). The localization of the pain was on the left in eight cases and on ectopic testicle in two. The testicular volume was increased in 11 cases. Cremasteric reflex was absent in four cases. The doppler flow was normal in four cases and absent in four. During surgery, the testis appearance was considered as normal in six testicles, as necrotized in three (and an orchidectomy was performed) and as ischemic in three. In seven cases, a peroperative contralateral testicle fixation was performed and later one in two. The postoperative course was simple, without infection and with a normal testicular volume in eight cases, increased in one ischemic testis. Testicular atrophy was noted in an ischemic testis, after several months. CONCLUSION: Whatever the age, testicular torsion remains a surgical emergency even with a normal doppler flow.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

[Interest in several surgeries for serious abdominal trauma].

Abbreviated laparotomy and planned reoperation(s) is a new concept in severely injured patients with multivisceral failure by hemorrhagic shock, coagulopathy and hypothermia. The aim of an abbreviated laparotomy is to control hemorrhage, prevent digestive contamination and close the abdominal wall without tension. After a delay for reanimation during 24 to 96 hours, discovery of unknown lesions and anatomic reconstruction will be possible through planned reoperation in better conditions. Emergency reoperation for hemorrhage and abdominal hyperpression severely worsens prognosis.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Living-related liver transplantation in children: the 'Parisian' strategy to safely increase organ availability.

PURPOSE: The aim of the authors was to report their experience with living related liver transplantation (LRLT) in children, particularly focusing on the safety of the two-center "Parisian" strategy. METHODS: The records of donors and recipients of 26 pediatric living-related donor liver transplantations performed between November 1994 and March 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. Donors were assessed 1 year after transplantation for medical and overall status. RESULTS: Indications for LRLT included biliary atresia (n = 18), Byler's disease (n = 5), alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (n = 1), Alagille syndrome (n = 1), and undefined cirrhosis (n = 1). Liver harvesting consisted of either a complete left hepatectomy (n = 14) or left lateral hepatectomy (n = 12) without vascular clamping. The recipient procedure essentially was the same as in split liver transplantation. Mean overall cold ischemia time averaged 140 minutes (range, 90 to 230 minutes). Twenty-four of 26 patients had end-to-end vascular anastomoses without interposition. Biliary reconstruction consisted of a Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy in all patients. All recipients except one received cyclosporine A (CSA). Mean donor hospitalization was 8 days (range, 6 to 13) with normalization of all liver function assays by the time of discharge. There were no donor deaths and two postoperative complications (perihepatic fluid collection and bleeding from the wound). One year after donation, the initial 19 donors had resumed their pretransplant status. Two of the children who underwent transplant died. Thirteen of the recipients required reoperation for hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 2), portal vein thrombosis (n = 2), biliary complications (n = 6), fluid collection (n = 3), small bowel perforation (n = 1), and plication for diaphragmatic eventration (n = 1). With mean follow-up of 2 years, 24 of 26 patients are alive and well (patient and graft survival rate, 92%). CONCLUSIONS: LRLT is still controversial, even with minimal and decreasing donor risk. The "Parisian" strategy consists of harvesting the liver in an adult unit by an adult hepatic surgery team. The transplantation is then performed in a pediatric hospital by the pediatric liver transplantation team. The two steps of the procedure allow units specialized in adult surgery, on one hand, and pediatric liver transplantation, on the other hand, to dedicate themselves completely to their respective procedures, improving the safety of the harvest, and alleviating stress for both the medical staff and the families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Thoracoscopic treatment of mediastinal cysts in children.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The development of thoracoscopic surgery has made many procedures possible, including the treatment of mediastinal cysts in children. The authors report their experience with this procedure between 1992 and 1997. METHODS: Surgery was performed on 22 children aged from 1 month to 9 years (median, 27 months), weighing 5 to 49 kg (median, 12.5 kg). Diagnosis was made by antenatal ultrasound scan in six cases (27%), with a chest x-ray performed for respiratory symptoms in 14 cases, and with a chest x-ray performed for positive tuberculin intradermoreaction in two cases. Decision to resect the cyst was determined by thoracoscopy in 21 of the 22 cases, and by open surgery in one case only (subcarinal compressive cyst with left lung distension and a mediastinal shift). RESULTS: Eighteen of the 21 (86%) cases were treated successfully by thoracoscopy. In three cases of bronchogenic cysts, we performed an associated thoracotomy because the dissection was too difficult and dangerous. In three cases, a small part of a common wall between the cyst and the bronchus was not removed. The pathological diagnosis was bronchogenic cysts in 15 cases (71%), pleuropericardiat cysts in three cases (14%), esophageal duplication in two cases (10%), and cystic hygroma in one case (5%). Two postoperative complications were observed: one esophageal wound and a case of recurrent pneumothorax after chest tube removal. Patients were discharged after 2 to 11 days (median, 3 days). Follow-up was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of mediastinal cyst by thoracoscopy is feasible in most cases. Compressive cysts with lung distension and mediastinal shift remain a contraindication. If the cysts have a common wall with the bronchus or esophagus, or if they are subcarinal, the dissection may be difficult and dangerous, and thoracotomy may be preferable.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors influencing outcome after intestinal transplantation in children.

We evaluated 131 patients (6 months-14 years) who experienced 21 deaths before listing, 11 continuing on the waiting list, 38 well on home parenteral nutrition, 6 off parenteral nutrition and 59 transplanted (20 girls) aged 2.5 to 15 years, (18 >7 years). They received cadaveric isolated intestine (ITx, n = 31) or liver-small bowel (LITx, n = 32), including right colon (n = 43; 23 LITx) for short bowel (n = 19), enteropathy (n = 20), Hirschsprung (n = 14), or pseudo-obstruction (n = 6). Treatment included tacrolimus, steroids, azathioprine, or interleukin-2 blockers. After 6 months to 10.5 years, the patient and graft survivals were 75% and 54%. Sixteen patients (10 LITx) died within 3 months from surgery (n = 3), bacterial (n = 5) or fungal (n = 6) sepsis, or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (n = 2). Rejection occurred in 27 patients, including 10 steroid-resistant episodes requiring antilymphoglobulins. The grafts were removed due to uncontrolled rejection in seven ITx recipients. Surgical complications were observed in 38 recipients (25 LSBTx) within 2 months, including bacterial (n = 22) or fungal (n = 11) sepsis, cytomegalovirus disease (n=12), adenovirus (n = 11), or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (n = 12). Forty-two children (19 LSBTx) are alive. Weaning from parenteral nutrition was achieved after 42 days (median). Factors related to death or graft loss were pre-Tx surgery (P < .01), pseudo-obstruction (P < .01), age over 7 years (P < .03), fungal sepsis (P < .03), steroid resistant rejection (P < .05), hospitalized versus home patient (P < .01), and retransplantation (P < .05). Colon transplant did not affect the outcome. Interleukin-2 blockers improved isolated ITx (P < .05). Early referral and close monitoring of intestinal failure and related disorders are mandatory to achieve successful ITx.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Liver transplantation with a living related donor in the child].

OBJECTIVES: Liver transplantation with living related donor has been recently developed to compensate for the insufficient number of liver grafts for children. The major problem is ethical because it implies voluntary mutilation of a healthy person. This paper report results in 37 living related donors. PATIENTS: Recipients were followed in Enfants-Malades Hospital. Investigations and donor surgery were performed at the Digestive Surgery Unit of Beaujon Hospital. RESULTS: One donor was re-operated for bleeding, and another one a biliary fistula treated with percutaneous drainage for one week. The post-operative course was uneventful in the other donors, with a follow-up of between 2 and 50 months. Thirty-three children are alive (90%), one of them underwent a second transplant for arterial thrombosis. Vascular and infectious complications, and the number of rejection episodes were the same as in transplantations with a deceased donor. Biliary complications were frequent (15 patients out of 37) and significantly increased morbidity. A teenage boy who received a small graft (0.9% of his weight) presented initially with hepatic insufficiency without encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: This technique has been shown to have a good balance between benefits and risks. Our experience confirms this, especially in very young children. Each case should be discussed individually and parental consent should be obtained without external pressure. Experience with this technique should be continued and at the same time the use of cadaveric grafts should be optimized.

Adolescent↗