PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F Sciarretta

Publications and source records attributed to F Sciarretta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The inhibition of the human sperm phosphatidylinosytol 3-kinase by LY294002 does not interfere with sperm/oocyte interaction.

It has recently been reported that the selective inhibition of phosphatidylinosytol 3-kinase (PI3K) enhances human sperm motility. However, little information exists on a possible role of PI3K in other sperm functions involved in the fertilization process. In this study, we investigated whether LY294002 could affect human sperm ability to fuse with oocytes, by means of the hamster egg penetration test (HEPT). The effect on acrosome reactions (AR) and on sperm/zona pellucida (ZP) binding was also evaluated. The pre-incubation with scalar doses of LY294002 (0.1, 1 and 10 microm) did not interfere with sperm ability to fuse with oocytes either in the conventional version of the HEPT or in the version enhanced with progesterone (P). No interference with the stimulatory effect on AR exerted by P or mannose-bovine serum albumin (mannose-BSA) was revealed. Finally, LY294002 had no effect on sperm/ZP binding. These results indicate that the inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 does not interfere with sperm interaction with oocytes. This is noteworthy in the view of a possible clinical use of LY294002 as an in vitro stimulator of the sperm motility of asthenozoospermic patients for assisted reproduction techniques.

Acrosome Reaction↗
PubMed2001

Detection of blood-borne cells in colorectal cancer patients by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA: longitudinal analyses and demonstration of its potential importance as an adjunct to multiple serum markers.

The use of reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to analyze cells in the blood of cancer patients for the detection of mRNA expressed in tumor cells has implications for both the prognosis and the monitoring of cancer patients for the efficacy of established or experimental therapies. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is expressed on approximately 95% of colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic tumors, and on the majority of breast, non-small cell lung, and head and neck carcinomas. CEA shed in serum is useful as a marker in only approximately 50% of colorectal cancer patients and rarely is shed by some other carcinoma types. RT-PCR has been used previously to detect CEA mRNA in cells in the blood and lymph nodes of cancer patients. Under the assay conditions validated in the studies reported here, 34 of 51 (67%) patients with different stages of colorectal cancer had blood cells that were positive by RT-PCR for CEA mRNA, whereas none of 18 patients with colonic polyps were positive; 2 of 60 apparently healthy individuals (who were age and sex matched with the carcinoma patients and were part of a colon cancer screening program as controls) were marginally positive. The results of CEA PCR in the blood of the carcinoma patients and the other groups showed strong statistical correlation with the disease (P2 < 0.0001). Analyses were carried out to detect both serum CEA protein levels and CEA mRNA in blood cells of colorectal carcinoma patients by RT-PCR. For all stages of disease, 18 of 51 patients (35%) were positive for serum CEA, whereas 35 of 51 (69%) were positive by RT-PCR. More importantly, only 5 of 23 (20%) of stage B and C colorectal cancer patients were positive for serum CEA, whereas 16 of 23 (70%) were positive by RT-PCR. The use of two other serum markers (CA19.9 and CA72-4) for colorectal cancer in combination with serum CEA scored two additional patients as positive; both were positive by RT-PCR for CEA mRNA. Pilot long-term longitudinal studies conducted before and after surgery identified some patients with CEA mRNA in blood cells that were negative for all serum markers, who eventually developed clinical metastatic disease. The studies reported here are the first to correlate RT-PCR results for CEA mRNA in blood cells with one or more serum markers for patients with different stages of colorectal cancer, and are the first long-term longitudinal studies to use RT-PCR to detect CEA mRNA in blood cells of cancer patients. Larger cohorts will be required in future studies to define the impact, if any, of this technology on prognosis and/or disease monitoring.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Incidence of chromosomes 1 and 17 aneusomy in breast cancer and adjacent tissue: an interphase cytogenetic study.

BACKGROUND: Characterization of the biopathologic events underlying the early steps of breast carcinogenesis may have a dramatic impact on reducing breast cancer mortality. Genes involved in breast tumorigenesis are localized on chromosomes 1 and 17, and numeric aberrations of these chromosomes have been correlated with breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. According to the field cancerization hypothesis, specific chromosome aberrations may be present in breast cancer and in normal-appearing adjacent tissue. The latter changes reflect the genomic damage that follows longterm carcinogenic exposure and precede the morphologically detectable neoplastic transformation. We hypothesize that detection of these aberrations in benign breast epithelium may provide a tool for molecular risk assessment. STUDY DESIGN: Using fluorescence in situ hybridization with centromere-specific probes, we determined the status of chromosomes 1 and 17 in fresh imprints of 28 samples of primary tumors and 54 samples of their surrounding uninvolved parenchyma taken from patients undergoing operations for breast carcinoma. Ten contralateral breast biopsy specimens collected from patients with previous breast carcinoma were also evaluated as a surrogate of a high-risk group to rule out the hypothesis that chromosomal aneusomy in tumor-adjacent tissue could be related to a paracrine effect of the primary tumor. Ten samples of benign breast tissue taken from patients at low risk were used as controls to define tolerance limits for aneusomy definition. RESULTS: Using threshold values of 40% of signal loss and 13% of signal gain to define chromosome aneusomy (ie, mean + 3 SDs of the control group signals), we found the following: 1) almost all primary breast tumors were aneusomic for chromosomes 1 and 17; 2) primary breast tumor and adjacent uninvolved parenchyma shared the same pattern of chromosomes 1 and 17 aneusomy in 66.7% of patients; and 3) chromosomes 1 and 17 aneusomies in contralateral benign breast samples from high-risk patients were not different from those in primary breast tumor or adjacent tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chromosomes 1 and 17 aneusomy may represent an intermediate biomarker of breast tumorigenesis potentially useful to detect patients at high risk of breast carcinoma who may benefit from preventive interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Bilateral symptomatic adrenal myelolipoma.

Myelolipomas of the adrenal gland were first described in 1905. They are rare cortical, nonfunctioning, benign neoplasms, generally unilateral, usually discovered by accident or at autopsy. Thus they are often classified as 'incidentaloma'. These tumors are more frequent in males 40-60 years old. Most adrenal myelolipomas are small (diameter < 4 cm) and asymptomatic (70%), but larger tumors may cause local symptoms secondary to mechanical compression. Very large bilateral adrenal myelolipomas are exceedingly rare. They generally require no treatment; however, if symptomatics or if diagnosis is in doubt, surgery is needed. Usually only monolateral adrenalectomy is performed, even in the presence of bilateral tumors, to preserve adrenal function. We present a case of bilateral, symptomatic giant myelolipoma in a young woman, treated with bilateral adrenalectomy.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Vulvar squamous carcinoma: prognostic role of DNA content.

DNA nuclear content was evaluated on 46 paraffin-embedded blocks of vulvar cancer by means of flow cytometry. Fifteen of 44 evaluable samples (34%) were found to have an aneuploid DNA pattern. Aneuplody showed a statistically significant relationship with tumor grading (P = 0.0004) and defined a subset of patients who have pathological characteristics of high risk, such as advanced stage of disease, deepest stromal invasion, or positive inguinal nodes. However, when a multivariate regression model was used, ploidy status did not have any prognostic role, while FIGO staging system was confirmed to be the strongest independent prognostic factor (P = 0.009). The integration of a panel of cell kinetic parameters with traditional features is worth investigating on a larger population.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The anterior commissure of the larynx in the subperichondral functional surgery of the glottic plane: critical evaluation on the basis of a serial section study in normal and neoplastic laryngeal specimens].

It is a well-known fact that the clinical growth of laryngeal cancer varies according to the site of its origin. A number of macro and microscopy studies have attempted to explain the various routes it follows in spreading. The anatomical features of the anterior commissure, the conus elasticus and posterior commissure condition the direction and extent of tumour spreading as do the blood supply in the glottis and the distribution of mucous glands in the glottis and subglottis. Of the various regions of the larynx, the anterior commissure has provided perhaps the greatest challenge to investigators in that its boundaries as well as its morphology are still not clear. The possible spreading of glottic cancers exceeding these anatomic structures is very difficult to evaluate using two dimensional picture given by laryngoscopy as well as the images provided by TC and NMR which justifies a different behavior of same stage. Therefore these elements, in addition to the absence of a universally accepted clinical definition of the boundaries of AC, justify the diagnostic, pathologic, and therapeutic problems linked to AC carcinoma. Eight normal adult larynges were studied by microdissection and serial section after fixation in 10 percent formalin followed by decalcification. These specimens were dissected according to the stages of "evisceratio laryngis" performed in our Department for the treatment of T1a, T1b tumors. Our observations confirm that the island located at the anterior insertion of the thyroarytenoid muscle, easy reached during subperichondral dissection, cannot be identified with the so-called tendon described by Broyles. The specimens shown circumstantiate the fact that this fibrous-cartilagineous island act as a barrier and that when the neoplasia does start to spread into this segment, this fibrous area forces it to spread mainly along the surface. Our observations were confirmed by histologic examination of 6 surgical specimens after "evisceratio laryngis" performed on T1a, T1b tumors. Clinical positive results in subjects treated employing "evisceratio laryngis" appear to further confirm of our interpretation to these morphological observations.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1994

Biologic and clinical correlations among ploidy, cell kinetics, and the tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 tissue expression in colorectal cancer. Preliminary findings.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of identifying biologically aggressive subgroups of patients, combining several biologic parameters such as the tumor and normal mucosa values from the ploidy, the S-phase cell percentage, and tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) expression. METHODS: One hundred five colorectal cancer patients were studied to analyze the possible prognostic role of ploidy and cell kinetics in multiple fresh specimens from the tumor and normal mucosa. Since the presence of TAG-72 in the colonic mucosa has been correlated to neoplastic transformation, the correlations between these parameters and the quantitative tissue expression of the TAG-72 were analyzed in a subgroup of 53 cases. RESULTS: A significantly lower five-year disease-free survival rate (21.4 percent) was observed in patients with multiploid tumors, when compared with that observed in patients with diploid or single aneuploid tumors (67.5 percent) (P = 0.03). The quantitative tissue TAG-72 expression contributed in identifying a particular patient subgroup (20 percent), characterized by S-phase percentage and TAG-72 values from the normal mucosa that were unexpectedly higher than 12.1 percent and 7.5 U/mg of proteins, respectively. In particular, when the 25 Dukes B patients were analyzed, similar results were observed. In fact, 14 (56 percent) cases showed high tumor cell proliferation and, surprisingly, a high tissue TAG-72 content in the normal mucosa was found in 4 (28.6 percent) of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Other than multiploidy, the biologic aggressiveness of colorectal cancer might be successfully assessed introducing the evaluation of new biologic parameters, such as the TAG-72 content and S-phase percentage values of the normal mucosa, suggesting the possibility of further stratifying this patient population.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1994

Spontaneous canine mammary tumors. A model for monoclonal antibody diagnosis and treatment of human breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The increasing availability of monoclonal antibodies to human breast tumor-associated antigens offers a new means to evaluate whether antigenic similarities exist between human and animal breast tumors. The study of the biology of spontaneous mammary tumors in the dog, one of the most frequent neoplasias in this domestic animal, may be of interest in providing an experimental model for the clinical management of human breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In order to assess whether antigenic similarities do occur between human and canine breast cancer, in the present study we have evaluated the immunohistochemical reactivity of two normal mammary glands and 62 benign and malignant canine breast tumors with a panel of six MoAbs, (HMFG2, MBr1, B72.3, B6.2, X-10, B1.1) recognizing distinct human breast tumor-associated antigens. RESULTS: The results of the present study indicate that mammary neoplasias in dogs display an antigenic phenotype comparable to that observed in female and male human breast lesions. As has already been demonstrated in humans, only three among the six monoclonal antibodies tested (B72.3, B6.2, and X-10) appear to discriminate benign from malignant canine mammary tumors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that (a) this veterinary tumor may represent a suitable model for imaging and immunotherapy studies of human breast carcinoma and (b) the triplet of reagents capable of distinguishing selectively transformed glandular epithelium may be useful in the immunocytochemical presurgical diagnosis of these canine neoplasias.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The transdural extension of gliomas.

The extraneural spreading of gliomas is an infrequent occurrence which is not necessarily related to either tumor histology or site. This paper reports two cases, a glioblastoma and an oligodendroglioma, both presenting extradural diffusion. In the first case, where there was severe intracranial hypertension, the tumor found its way out from the neurocranium, far from the site of the operation, perforating the dura and the bone of the cranial base. In the second case, the operation may have facilitated the extraneural invasion. This unusual behaviour of glial tumors is probably less rare than presumed. It may go unnoticed if the attention is concentrated on the usually severe neurological syndrome which is present in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The association of Helicobacter pylori infection with low levels of urea and pH in the gastric juices.

Fifty-four gastric biopsies and their relative gastric juices were analyzed for the presence of Helicobacter pylori with both cultural and microscopic methods. Thirty-one samples were positive and twenty-three were negative. These data were therefore employed as references for the subsequent comparisons. Furthermore, the gastric juices were later tested to establish the urea concentration and the pH level. In addition, the sediment obtained after centrifugation was microscopically observed for the possible presence of other bacterial flora in the sample (unstained smears). The urease test on the bioptic specimens has also been evaluated. The presence of H pylori was strictly related to urea levels of less than 15 mg/dl and pH less than 3.5. Furthermore, H pylori was generally not associated with the presence of other bacterial flora (only 1 out of 12 samples). The latter instead, was almost exclusively present in high pH samples (with the exception of one). On the basis of these results, a simple diagnostic scheme was constructed to identify carrier subjects. All patients (14/14) with urea levels of more than 15 mg/dl were found to be negative as well as those presenting a pH of more than 3.5 (7/9) or evidence of other bacteria in the juices (8/9). The remaining subjects (30/31 or 29/31, respectively) presented H pylori in the gastric juices. The final classification was 96.3% (or 94.4%) correct.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Basophil-bound and serum immunoglobulin E directed against Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic gastritis.

The immunoglobulin (Ig) E immune response in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis has been evaluated. Of 26 patients with H. pylori infection, 22 (84%) tested positive for basophil-bound specific IgE (determined by the histamine release test) and 18 (69%) for serum specific IgE (determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). In contrast, only 1 of 17 persons in whom the bacterium was not detected presented cell-bound and serum specific IgE. In the 4 histamine release test--positive but enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--negative patients, removal of antibody from the basophil surface by acid elution showed that histamine release occurred through an IgE-dependent mechanism. When normal basophils, passively sensitized with serum from IgE-positive patients, were exposed to the H. pylori antigen, a significant release was observed, confirming the class specificity of the response. Inhibition experiments with bacteria other than H. pylori showed that the IgE antibody was specifically directed against this organism. The percentage of antigen-induced histamine release did not correlate with serum specific IgE level. However, the response of basophils to antigenic challenge was proportional to IgE-dependent cellular releasability. This finding suggests that target cell sensitivity may be the most important factor in determining the entity of biological response to the antigenic challenge. The ability of H. pylori to induce a specific IgE immune response could answer key questions regarding the mechanisms inducing gastric inflammation.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1989

Multivariate analysis of a tissue CEA, TPA, and CA 19.9 quantitative study in colorectal cancer patients. A preliminary finding.

Tissue CEA, TPA, and CA 19.9 concentrations from samples of surgical specimens were measured in 47 evaluable colorectal cancer patients (median follow-up, 20 months, 13 recurrences) and correlated with individual patient follow-up status. The quantitative method appeared to be sensitive, easily reproducible, and standardizable. The tissue marker concentration was analyzed by means of the multivariate discriminant analysis, to evaluate the risk of relapse in each patient; the tumor CEA (CEA T) showed the best discriminant capacity (P = .005). The relative Fisher function provided a reliable prognostic patient index, independently of other recognized prognostic factors (Dukes' stage and cellular differentiation grade). The Cox model showed a statistical significance analyzing the tumor (T) and healthy mucosa (M) CEA values (P = .001 and P = .006, respectively). The combination of these two variables allowed for identification of three classes of patients according to CEA T and M threshold values of 216 and 85 ng/mg of protein, respectively, and different disease-free curves were obtained for each group. The two-year disease-free rate was 81 percent for patients with low values of both CEA T and M, and 21.4 percent for the group with both values above these thresholds (P = .0008). In the third class (CEA T or M higher than the reported cut-off levels), the two-year disease-free rate was 65.9 percent.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1989

[Carcinoma of the endometrium in young women].

Eighteen cases of endometrial cancer under 45 years were clinically and pathologically reviewed. Epidemiological analysis confirmed obesity as an effective risk factor for this neoplasia. In only three cases the association of adenomatous hyperplasia with endometrial cancer was discovered. These data support the theory that in young women endometrial cancer is not an endocrine related neoplasia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Morphometric evaluation of histological sections of the thyroid gland in benign and malignant follicular lesions.

A morphometric analysis was made on histological sections of thyroid tissue in various aspects of follicular cell pathologies (goiter, adenoma, and carcinoma) and in normal follicular cells. Three cases of each aspect and 150 cells of each case were measured. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of the nuclear area in the differential diagnosis of normal thyroid, goiter, adenoma, and carcinoma. The other parameters considered, i.e., perimeter, maximum diameter, and nuclear form factor, proved to be able to exclusively distinguish between benign lesions (normal thyroid, goiter and, adenoma) and malignant ones (carcinoma).

Adenocarcinoma↗