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Biomedical subjects

F Selenka

Publications and source records attributed to F Selenka.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Nitrate and nitrite in prepared meals in relation to the nitrate concentration of drinking water (author's transl)].

The nitrate and nitrite content of prepared foods was investigated in four areas in Rhineland Palatinate. The nitrate content of the drinking water was different in each area, the first region always having less than 1 mg NO-3/litre, the second an average of 19.5 mg NO-3/litre, the third an average of 35.6 mg NO-3/litre and the fourth 130 mg NO-3/litre. The samples were restaurant food which had been served without previously informing the maker. They were separately analysed according to soup, meat and gravy, carbohydrate accompaniments, vegetables and salad. It was shown that, in the four areas (in the above order) an average of 46, 67, 45 and 65 mg NO-3/main meal was ingested, which corresponds to a ratio of 1:1.5:1:1.4. For nitrites, the figures were 1.4, 2.0, 1.5, and 2.8 mg NO-2/main meal, corresponding to a ratio of 1:1.4:1.1:2. The nitrate excess consumed by the population in the principal meals in areas with a drinking water concentration of 130 mg/1 is consequently only 1.4 times higher than in an area where the water supply is free from nitrate. Under the same conditions the nitrite content is doubled. However, the levels at 2 and 1 mg NO-2/kg are altogether very low and are not likely to be of any importance hygienically for the public at large. The concentrations of nitrate in potatoes and carbohydrate accompaniments (94 mg NO-3/kg), vegetables (99 mg NO-3/kg) and salads (109 mg NO-3/kg) show average levels which are double those of soups (50 mg NO-3/kg) and meat dishes (58 mg NO-3kg). An effect of the nitrate content of drinking water on these figures is only seen in soups and meat, an increase by a factor of 4 occurring between the area with nitrate-gree drinking water and the area with 130 mg NO-3/1). Contrary to expectation, the nitrite levels show the reverse relationship. They are highest in soups (4.7 mg NO-2/kg) and meat dishes (3.5 mg NO-2/kg) to salads (1.4 mg NO-3/kg). The values obtained may be considered representative for the average population, because the present day cooking habits of the private household is largely equivalent to that of the restaurant industry as a result of the use of tinned foods, ready-cooked soups and ready-made gravies.

Cooking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human fecal PCDD/F-excretion exceeds the dietary intake.

A mass balance of human dietary PCDD/F-intake and fecal PCDD/F-excretion was carried out. The participants of the study were seven male and seven female adults between the ages of 24 to 64 years, living in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The PCDD/F-intake was measured using the duplicate method. Sampling time of each food duplicate covered three days. The fecal PCDD/F-excretion was measured by collecting the feces which corresponded to the food duplicates. The mean daily dietary PCDD/F-intake was 49 pg I-TEq/d (range: 23-96 pg I-TEq/d) and therewith lower than that estimated in the past. The mean daily fecal PCDD/F-excretion was 98 pg I-TEq/d (40-200 pg I-TEq/d). This is twice the amount of the PCDD/F-intake. The fecal excretion of OCDD was especially higher than the dietary intake (mean: 7 fold, range: 1.2-21 fold). The differences between PCDD/F-intake and PCDD/F-excretion may be caused by a reduction of the body burden as a consequence of decreasing PCDD/F-intake. Other explanations were additional sources of exposure to PCDD/F or de novo formation of PCDD/F in the human body.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed formation of PCDD/F from chlorophenols.

Chlorophenols (CP) are transformed in vitro to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) by a biochemical-catalyzed oxidation. This is shown for 2,4,5-tri-, 2,3,4,6-tetra-and pentachlorophenol with myeloperoxidase recovered from human leucocytes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The yield, the reaction, and the PCDD/F-pattern found depend on the CP. The formation rates are in the micromol-per-mol range for all substrates. The experiments confirm the suspicion that a biochemical formation of PCDD/F from precursors such as CPs can take place in the human body and that this metabolic pathway may lead to a higher inner exposure with PCDD/F than is now assumed.

Benzofurans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decrease of PCDD/F levels in human blood from Germany over the past ten years (1989-1998).

744 whole blood samples of normal subjects from Germany collected in 1989-1998 have been analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) by capillary gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. Over the examined time period a continuous decrease of the PCDD/F concentrations in human blood was observed. The mean levels found were 43.7 pg I-TEq/g (lipid basis) in 1989 and 20.7 pg I-TEq/g (lipid basis) in 1996/98 [median: 42.2 and 19.4]. The reduction to about the half was found for most congeners. Each one-year subset of the collective and the entire collective shows a positive correlation of the PCDD/F blood levels with age for most of the congeners, the sum values and the calculated toxicity equivalents. For statistical evaluation a multiplicative model was used: Concentration = A x Age(B). The correlation is mostly pronounced for lower chlorinated PCDD and for 2,3,4,7,8-PentaCDF. The PCDD/F concentrations in human blood in relation to the year of examination and the age of the subjects can be described by a linear model: I-TEq [pg/g (lipid basis)] = 6176 - 3.097 x Year + 0.6482 x Age or by a multiplicative model: I-TEq [pg/g(lipid basis)] = 10(89.08-0.04415 x Year + 0.008468 x Age).

Adult↗