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Biomedical subjects

F Shah

Publications and source records attributed to F Shah.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A comparison of risk factors in juvenile-onset and adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

The clinical triad of a firstborn delivered vaginally to a young (teenage) mother has been previously noted among juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JO-RRP) patients. This study was based on a questionnaire survey of JO-RRP patients, adult onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (AO-RRP) patients, and juvenile and adult controls. The survey results revealed that the complete or partial triad was observed in 72% of JO-RRP patients, 36% of AO-RRP patients, 29% of juvenile controls, and 38% of adult controls. As compared with juvenile controls, JO-RRP patients were more often firstborn (P less than .05), delivered vaginally (P less than .05), and born to a teenage mother (P less than .01). Among adult participants, AO-RRP patients reported more lifetime sex partners (P less than .01) and a higher frequency of oral sex (P less than .05) than reported by adult controls. AO-RRP and JO-RRP appear to have distinguishable epidemiologic features indicating that the mode of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission is different in these two disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Asymmetric synthesis of a precursor for the automated radiosynthesis of S-(3'-t-butylamino-2'-hydroxypropoxy)-benzimidazol-2-[11C]one (S-[11C]CGP 12177) as a preferred radioligand for beta-adrenergic receptors.

S-[1-(2,3-Diaminophenoxy)]-3'-(N-t-butylamino)propan-2'-ol has been synthesized in three steps from 2,3-dinitro-phenol and the chiral auxiliary, S-glycidyl-3-nitrobenzenesulphonate, to provide a precursor for labelling S-(3'-t-butylamino-2'-hydroxypropoxy)-benzimidazol-2-one (S-CGP 12177) with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclide, carbon-11 (t 1/2 = 20.4 min; beta+ = 99.8%). Reaction of the diamine with [11C]phosgene, itself derived from no-carrier-added cyclotron-produced [11C]methane, provides radiochemically and chemically pure S-[carbonyl-11C]CGP 12177 in greater than 95% enantiomeric excess after HPLC. Automated apparatus is described for safely producing up to 5.9 GBq (160 mCi) of S-[11C]CGP 12177 with high sp. act. (20-40 GBq/mu mol or 0.54-1.08 Ci/mu mol) in a form suitable for human intravenous injection at only 30 min from the end of radionuclide production. S-[11C]CGP 12177 is preferred to the formerly described racemate as a radioligand for the study of beta-adrenergic receptors in vivo by positron emission tomography.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1991

Ovulation method use during breastfeeding: is there increased risk of unplanned pregnancy?

Data from two prospective studies of the ovulation method were used to assess pregnancy rates and users' fertility-related behaviors among breastfeeding women. The rate of unplanned pregnancy was less than 1% during the first 6 months of lactational amenorrhea. However, the unplanned pregnancy rate was elevated among breastfeeders during the months after menses return compared with the pregnancy rate during nonlactating cycles. Rates were also elevated at the time when infant feeding supplementation was started. This increase in unplanned pregnancies was not directly attributable to nonadherence to the ovulation method rules; there was some indication that adherence to the rules actually may be increased during those months. Therefore, special emphasis on both the need for improved breastfeeding support to delay menses return and the increased potential for method failure among new users during this period of time should be incorporated into ovulation method training and support programs.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1990

Association of labial salivary gland histopathology with clinical and serologic features of connective tissue diseases.

Focal sialadenitis is now widely accepted as an objective criterion for the oral component of Sjögren's syndrome (xerostomia). We investigated the association between labial salivary gland histopathologic changes and the clinical and serologic features of 192 patients with suspected connective tissue disorders. A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients was performed, and historical, physical, laboratory, histologic, and roentgenographic data were abstracted. Each patient had undergone labial salivary gland biopsy as part of a rheumatologic evaluation. There were significant associations between positive findings on lip biopsy and the presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (P = 0.013), positive antinuclear antibodies (titer greater than or equal to 1:80) (P = 2 x 10(-8)), and positive Ro antibodies (P = 1 x 10(-8)). However, sicca symptoms and glandular enlargement were not statistically associated with positive findings on lip biopsy. Features predictive of a positive lip biopsy included Ro antibodies (P = 0.914), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (P = 0.700), and positive antinuclear antibodies (P = 0.590).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Complete nucleotide sequences of bovine alpha S2- and beta-casein cDNAs: comparisons with related sequences in other species.

The nucleotide sequences corresponding to bovine alpha S2- and beta-casein mRNAs have been determined by cDNA analysis. Both sequences appear to be complete at their 5' ends. The nucleotide sequence of alpha S2-casein, when compared with the corresponding cavine A sequence, helps to define the boundaries of a large amino acid repeat (approximately 80 residues) whereas comparisons with the nucleotide sequences of rat gamma- and mouse epsilon-casein mRNAs also reveal extensive sequence similarities. An alignment of these four sequences shows that the divergence of their translated regions has been characterized by the duplication and deletion of discrete segments of sequence that probably correspond to exons. A high degree of nucleotide substitution is also found when the four sequences are compared, except for well-conserved leader-peptide and phosphorylation-site sequences and, to a lesser extent, the 5'-untranslated regions. Similar comparison of the bovine and rat beta-caseins shows that their divergence has involved a high rate of nucleotide substitution but that no major insertions or deletions of sequence have occurred. The several splice sites that have veen defined in the rat beta-casein gene are likely to have been conserved in the bovine. The contrasting evolutionary histories of the alpha- and beta-casein coding sequences correlate with the distinctive functions of these proteins in the casein micelle system in milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Rarity of cesarean delivery in cases of juvenile-onset respiratory papillomatosis.

Papillomas of the respiratory and genital tracts are caused by the same papillomavirus genotypes, and mothers of children with respiratory papillomatosis often have a history of genital warts. Only one of 109 cases reviewed gave a history of birth by cesarean section, whereas ten cesarean deliveries would have been the expected number for this group on the basis of national rates. The single case was delivered by elective cesarean section before the rupture of the membranes, and the child developed respiratory papillomatosis in the first year of life. These findings suggest that in juvenile-onset disease, the transmission of infection from mother to child occurs most often during passage through an infected birth canal, but that intrauterine infection of the fetus is also possible. Papillomavirus infection of the female genital tract is common, but respiratory papillomatosis is rare. On the basis of crude estimates of annual number of children born to infected mothers and of new cases of juvenile-onset disease, the risk of developing disease for a child born to an infected mother was calculated to be one in several hundred exposures.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1985

The molecular through ecological genetics of abnormal abdomen in Drosophila mercatorum. I. Basic genetics.

The abnormal abdomen syndrome (aa) in Drosophila mercatorum is characterized by the persistence of juvenilized cuticle on the adult abdomen. The aa phenotype is shown to depend on at least two X-linked genetic elements that are about one map unit apart near the centromeric end of the X chromosome. These two genetic elements are necessary for aa expression; one behaves as a dominant element and the other as a recessive. Overlaying these genetic studies upon molecular work reported elsewhere, it is argued that the dominant element is the presence of a 5 kb insertion in a majority of the X-linked repeats coding for the 28S ribosomal RNA. The recessive element appears to be a locus controlling differential replication of noninserted over inserted 28S genes during polytenization. The aa syndrome requires both the presence of the inserted repeats and the failure to preferentially amplify noninserted repeats. Given the necessary X-linked elements for aa, a variety of modifiers are revealed. First, aa expression in males is Y-linked, apparently corresponding to a deletion of the 18S/28S rDNA gene cluster normally found on the Y. Moreover, all major autosomes can modify the penetrance of aa.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian distribution of hematology variables in subjects with multiple sclerosis.

Hematology variables were measured in blood samples obtained every 3h (8/24h) from 10 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 34 healthy subjects and analyzed for circadian characteristics using the population multiple-components method. Red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin levels as well as hematocrits exhibited circadian rhythms with minimal amplitudes in healthy individuals and insignificant variability in the smaller group of MS patients. In contrast the total white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts for MS patients and healthy individuals both showed significant circadian characteristics while the mean 24h WBC and platelet levels did not significantly differ between the two groups. When the different WBC subsets were examined independently, statistically significant circadian rhythms were seen for lymphocytes and eosinophils for both MS patients and healthy individuals and for neutrophils only in the latter. Moreover, the 24h mean levels of lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils were significantly higher for the healthy controls while those of monocytes were higher for the MS patients. However, of all the variables tested with significant circadian rhythms in both groups of individuals, only those of lymphocyte numbers exhibited different patterns with somewhat higher amplitude in healthy individuals and a peak level occurring over an hour after that of MS patients. These changes may be the reflection of a disturbance in the regulation of patterns of lymphocyte activity and migration in MS patients. In addition, the elevation in circulating monocytes in MS patients is consistent with the inflammatory nature of the disease.

Adult↗