Small foci of Kaposi's sarcoma in lymph nodes may be missed without serial sections.
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Biopsy↗
Biomedical subjects
F Sharp
Publications and source records attributed to F Sharp.
The presence of RNA complementary to HSV-2 (herpes simplex virus) DNA in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after laser therapy.
In-situ hybridization of radiolabelled DNA probes to tissue sections detected RNA complementary to HSV-2 (herpes simplex virus) DNA in 65% (22 of 34) biopsies from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and in none of internally paired benign epithelia from individuals before treatment by laser vaporization cone. Laser therapy did not produce an increase in clinical or subclinical HSV infections of the cervix. Of 18 patients with RNA complementary to HSV-2 DNA in CIN biopsies before treatment, in whom treatment was successful, virus transcripts were detected at follow-up in only two of them.
Cervix Uteri↗
Quantitative microcolpohysteroscopic assessment of the extent of endocervical involvement by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
The Hamou microcolpohysteroscope was used to measure the extension of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia into the endocervical canal in patients before cone biopsy of the cervix. These measurements showed good correlation with those found on subsequent histological assessment.
Biopsy↗
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Epithelium↗
Fetal scalp blood lactate as an indicator of intrapartum hypoxia.
Fetal scalp blood lactate was measured during labour by a simple, rapid method and its value as an indicator of fetal intrauterine hypoxia was assessed and compared with that of pH measurement. The normal ranges of lactate concentration and of pH values were calculated. Significantly higher concentrations of lactate and lower pH values were found in samples of scalp blood taken close to delivery from babies with Apgar scores of less than or equal to 6 at 1 min compared with those from healthy babies with Apgar scores of greater than or equal to 7 at 1 min. A similarly significant difference was observed between the cord blood lactate and pH values of these two groups of babies. Ominous fetal heart rate patterns were associated with higher lactate concentrations and lower pH values in fetal scalp blood than were normal fetal heart rate patterns. The measurement of fetal scalp blood lactate or pH, or continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring were equally good at predicting the condition of the infant at birth.
Apgar Score↗
Auditory stimulation alters the pattern of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the inner ear.
The 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique was adapted for application to the inner ear. The uptake of [14C]-DG during silence was compared with that observed during exposure to wide band noise (WBN) or pure tones at an intensity level of 85 db SPL. In silence, the highest levels of 2-DG uptake were observed in the spiral ligament, spiral prominence and stria vascularis, with approximately equal levels of uptake in each structure. The high levels of 2-DG uptake observed in the ligament and prominence are surprising, and suggest a more active role for these structures in cochlear function than has previously been suspected. Levels of uptake in the organ of Corti, spiral ganglion and VIIIth nerve were much lower, although well above background. During exposure to WBN, 2-DG uptake increased markedly in the VIIIth nerve, and spiral ganglion throughout the cochlea, and in the organ of Corti in the lower basal turn. 2-DG uptake did not change significantly in the spiral ligament or stria vascularis. During pure tone exposure, increased 2-DG uptake was noted in localized regions of the VIIIth nerve and spiral ganglion.
Animals↗
Detection of RNA complementary to herpes simplex virus DNA in human cervical squamous cell neoplasms.
Nonneoplastic and neoplastic cervical biopsy specimens were examined by in situ hybridization to 125I-labeled DNA of herpes simplex virus (HSV), adenovirus, and bacteriophage lambda DNA's, and quantitative hybridization data were obtained using a Video Image Analyser. HSV-specific RNA was detected in 72% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 60% of squamous cervical carcinomas, 2% of nonneoplastic cervices, and 9% of primary adenocarcinomas of the cervix. None of the tissues gave positive hybridization with adenovirus or lambda DNA probes. In paired biopsies of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and nonneoplastic epithelium from 29 individuals, HSV-specific RNA was detected only in the epithelium of the neoplastic sample and not in the nonneoplastic control. Infectious HSV-2 was isolated from a low proportion (2%) of both ectocervical swabs and cell-free tissue extracts of patients examined, suggesting that the HSV-specific RNA detected in squamous cell neoplasms was not due to overt infections.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in immunosuppressed women after renal transplantation.
All 26 immunosuppressed renal transplant females attending the Renal Unit at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow were screened by cervical cytology and colposcopy for evidence of cervical neoplasia. Five patients (19.2%) were discovered to have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, confirming the expected increase in this 'at risk' group. Regular cervical screening in these immunosuppressed women is recommended strongly.
Adolescent↗
Successful triplet pregnancy following renal transplantation.
There are now many reported successful pregnancies to renal transplant recipients, but this is believed to be the first reported successful case of triplets. The clinical course, complications and management of the pregnancy are described.
Adult↗
Purification of human alpha uterine protein.
Human alpha uterine protein (AUP) has been prepared from extracts of decudua by antibody affinity chromatography, DEAE Sepharose chromatography and by filtration through Sephadex G-150. This procedure yielded a protein fraction containing AUP, which was labelled with 125I by chloramine T. When analysed by SDS gel electrophoresis this radioiodinated protein fraction was found to contain predominantly a single species of protein which was precipitated by antibodies against AUP in antibody-antigen crossed electrophoresis. Rabbit anti-AUP precipitated 55-65% of the tracer in a double-antibody system. Sephadex G150 gel filtration of AUP obtained before and after affinity chromatography provided a molecular weight estimate of 50000. Since SDS gel electrophoresis revealed a polypeptide molecular weight of 23000-25000, it is suggested that AUP is a dimer.
Chromatography, Affinity↗
Rapid whole blood lactate measurement in the fetus and mother during labour.
Using a new rapid method, fetal and maternal whole blood lactate was measured before the onset of labour at elective Caesarean section in 8 patients, during labour in 34 normal patients, and in a further 28 patients whose babies showed varying degrees of clinical depression and/or acid base abnormality at birth. The mean (+/- SEM) umbilical venous and arterial and maternal venous lactate values in the 8 cases delivered by elective Caesarean section were 1.20 (+/- 0.16), 1.46 (+/- 0.22) and 1.14 (+/- 0.46) mmol/l, respectively. For the normal group the mean fetal lactates (+/- SEM) in the latent and active phases of labour, and in the umbilical vein and artery, were 1.91 (+/- 0.25), 2.42 (+/- 0.46), 2.71 (+/- 0.19) and 3.09 (+/- 0.20) mmol/l, respectively. The mean maternal venous lactate (+/- SEM) in the latent and active phases of labour and at delivery were 1.07 (+/- 0.09), 1.45 (+/- 0.12) and 2.69 (+/- 0.24) mmol/l. the rise in fetal lactate throughout labour was due in part to the rise in maternal lactate. Increasing neonatal depression was associated with increasing fetal lacticacidaemia. This associationachieved statistical significance at delivery.
Cesarean Section↗
The evolution and distribution of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human foetal skin throughout gestation.
Specimens of skin from human foetuses from 6--41 weeks gestation were incubated to demonstrate the presence of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) by histochemical methods. When present HSDs were noted only within the acini of the sebaceous glands and in the secretory duct. Seventeen-beta-HSD activity was first demonstrated at 16 weeks gestation, co-incident with full function in the glands. Three-beta- and 16beta-HSD activity did not appear until 22--24 weeks. There were differences between the foetal pattern of distribution of the enzymes within gland acini and that already known in skin from subjects in extrauterine life. The time of changeover to the latter pattern has been established as 38 weeks gestation. No correlation was noted between HSD activity and the sex of the foetus or body site. It is concluded that foetal skin is involved in steroid metabolism, and possible physiological roles for this activity are discussed, with speculation over skin as an excretory route or detoxication centre for steroids and the role of steriod metabolic activity in the local stimulation and functional control of foetal sebaceous glands.
Female↗
Bedside estimation of whole blood lactate.
A new instrument for the measurement of lactate in biological fluids, the Lactate Analyzer 640, has been evaluated. The method of use recommended by the manufacturer for blood samples was found to be inadequate. A new method of sample preparation for the instrument, based upon immediate haemolysis and fluoridation of blood, has been developed, allowing measurement of whole blood lactate concentration to be performed on samples as small as 150 microlitre within 5 min of withdrawal. The instrument is designed to be operated by a medical practitioner. Excellent correlation with a conventional enzymatic assay was found. These features make this new method particularly applicable to rapidly changing clinical situations such as shock in adult patients, asphyxia neonatorum and intrapartum foetal hypoxia.
Blood Chemical Analysis↗
An evaluation of the AVL 937C blood-gas and pH microanalyser.
The AVL 937C blood-gas and pH microanalyser was evaluated with particular reference to its use in obsterics and in neonatal paediatrics in which its ability to analyse blood smaples as small as 40 micronlitre would be of particular value. Analysing samples of cord blood, maternal venous blood and foetal scalp blood, the reproducibility over the range of values measured was excellent with samples of 40-100 micronlitre. SD of the variation in values measured on samples collected in syringes were po2 0.11 kPa; Pco2 0.21 kPa; PH 0.005 unit. The same values for specimens collected in capillary tubes were: Po2 0.19 kPa;Pco 0.43 kPa; pH 0.013 unit. Analysis of tonometered blood samples showed a similar high standard of accuracy. The 91-98% confidence limits for the measurement of blood-gas values in samples collected in syringes were: Po2-0.22 to +0.49kPa; Pco2-0.53 to +0.42 kPa. The same values for samples collected in capillary tubes were: Po2 -0.38 to +0.70 kPa; Pco2 -0.97 to +0.86 kPa.
Blood Gas Analysis↗
Cephazolin: clinical studies in obstetrics.
A clinical evaluation of a new cephalosporin, cephazolin, in obstetric patients is presented. Sixteen cardiac patients received the drug prophylactically as antibiotic cover during labour. Eighteen patients with miscellaneous antenatal and puerperal infections received the drug as primary treatment. The data obtained indicate adequate serum and tissue levels with the dose used, and corresponding clinical response. The impression is of a safe and efficaceous drug in the described obstetric situations requiring antibiotic therapy. It may be given prophylactically and with confidence to the cardiac patient in labour.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Metabolism of androgens in vitro by human foetal skin.
Fresh scalp, genital, chest and axillary skin from human foetuses of 12-41 weeks' maturity was incubated in Krebs improved Ringer I medium with (7alpha-3h)dehydroepiandrosterone, (7alpha-3H)testosterone and (7alpha-3H)androstenedione. The metabolites identified were androstenedione, 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol, 5alpha-androstane-3beta, 17beta-diol, 5-androstene-3beta, 17beta-diol and testosterone. The results provide evidence for the presence of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta4-5 isomerase, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta4-3-oxosteroid-5alpha reductase and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human foetal skin. There were quantitative differences in the various enzyme activities between different body sites and skin specimens of different gestational age. 5alpha-Reductase activity was particularly high in genital skin. 3beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta4-5 isomerase activity was low in skin from a 12-week foetus, but high in skin specimens from 28-, 38- and 41-week foetuses. 17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was already high in the skin of the 12-week foetus and remained so in the older foetuses. These results were correlated with the development of the foetal sebaceous glands, and were in general agreement with a parallel enzyme histochemical study. The role of androgen metabolism in human foetal skin is discussed.
17-Ketosteroids↗
Proceedings: Cephazolin in obstetrics.
The pharmacodynamics of a new cephalosporin--cephazolin--have been evaluated in clinical obstetrics with particular reference to antibiotic prophylaxis for the cardiac patient, and the prophylaxis and treatment of choriamnionitis and intrauterine pneumonia. Cephazolin effectively crosses the placental barrier. It slowly concentrates in the amniotic fluid when the fetus is alive. This new drug may be used for phophylactic cover in the above clinical situations.
Amniotic Fluid↗
Proceedings: Androgen metabolism in human fetal skin.
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Androgens↗