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Biomedical subjects

F Shimada

Publications and source records attributed to F Shimada.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Factor analysis in thallium-201 chloride thyroid studies].

Factor analysis was applied to thyroid thallium-201 imaging to get separated image of tumor from normal thyroid tissue. Thirty-eight patients with various thyroid tumors which were histologically confirmed were included in this study. Following intravenous injection of 111 MBq (3 mCi) of 201Tl chloride, thyroid images in 64 frames were taken for 30 to 60 minutes using Toshiba gamma camera system and data were analyzed by 2 or 3 factor analysis. In 28 of 38 patients separated images of the lesions from normal thyroid were obtained and time-activity curves of various shapes corresponding to the lesions were also obtained. When the curves were classified into 3 groups according to their shapes: increasing, flat and decreasing, follicular carcinoma did not show increasing shape whilst neither of papillary carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma showed decreasing shape. The shapes of the curves were thought to be reflected in clearance of the agent from the lesions. Factor analysis in 201Tl chloride thyroid scan provided separated image of tumor from normal thyroid gland automatically and the obtained curves corresponding to the lesions provided information for estimating the characteristics of thyroid tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Human diabetes associated with a deletion of the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor.

The insulin receptor has an intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that is essential for signal transduction. A mutant insulin receptor gene lacking almost the entire kinase domain has been identified in an individual with type A insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. Insulin binding to the erythrocytes or cultured fibroblasts from this individual was normal. However receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity toward an exogenous substrate were reduced in partially purified insulin receptors from the proband's lymphocytes that had been transformed by Epstein-Barr virus. The insulin resistance associated with this mutated gene was inherited by the proband from her mother as an apparently autosomal dominant trait. Thus a deletion in one allele of the insulin receptor gene may be at least partly responsible for some instances of insulin-resistant diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of the promoter region of the human insulin receptor gene. Evidence for promoter activity.

Recombinant clones containing the promoter region of the human insulin receptor gene were isolated from genomic libraries derived from nondiabetic persons. A 1.5-kilobase pair fragment of the 5'-flanking region was sequenced. One transcriptional start site, located at 203 bases upstream from the start of translation was identified by nuclease S1 mapping and the primer extension experiment using the human insulin receptor mRNA. The bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay revealed that a 573-base pair fragment immediately preceding the ATG has promoter activity and that the transcript initiates from the normal start site of the insulin receptor gene in the COS cells. The promoter region contains neither a "TATA box" nor a "CAAT box," has an extremely high G + C content, and contains seven central components of potential Sp 1 binding sites (GGGCGG or CCGCCC). These features are common to those found in the regulatory regions of a class of constitutively expressed "housekeeping" genes. A comparison between the promoter sequence of the human insulin receptor and those of other "housekeeping" genes revealed the presence of homologous sequences among these genes, in addition to the potential Sp 1 binding sites.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Replacement of lysine residue 1030 in the putative ATP-binding region of the insulin receptor abolishes insulin- and antibody-stimulated glucose uptake and receptor kinase activity.

To test whether the tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor is crucial for insulin action, we have constructed mutations of the human insulin receptor at Lys-1030, which is in the presumed ATP-binding region. By using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, this lysine residue was replaced with either methionine, arginine, or alanine. Chinese hamster ovary cells were transfected by mutant cDNAs and the expressed insulin receptors were characterized. We show here that none of these mutants exhibited insulin-activated autophosphorylation and kinase activity in vitro. They also do not mediate insulin- and antibody-stimulated uptake of 2-deoxyglucose. The tyrosine kinase activity is thus required for a key physiological response of insulin.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

[Malignant mucosal melanomas of the head and neck--collective review from six cancer hospitals].

Forty-nine patients with mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck treated at six cancer hospitals were reviewed. Of the 49 melanomas, 25 were located in the oral cavity and 24 in the nasal or paranasal cavity. Thirty of them were classified as stage I, 14 as stage II, and five as stage III. The initial treatment modality included surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy and immunotherapy in varying combinations. The five-year survival rate was 17.4% for oral melanoma and 19.1% for nasal and paranasal melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Voice preservation technique in the surgical treatment of postcricoid cancer.

In patients with freedom from invasion to anterior half of the larynx in postcricoid and cervical esophageal cancer, reconstruction of vocal tract with preservation of the anterior half of the larynx is applied with oncologic rationality and we performed the procedure in three cases of T2N1. At neck dissection bilateral superior thyroid neurovascular pedicles and unilateral inferior thyroid vessels were preserved. The larynx and upper part of the trachea were devided on the frontal plane and the posterior half with the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus was removed. The anterior half of the part was preserved and the mucosal edges of the cut surface extending from the appropriate margin of membranous portion of the trachea to the aryepiglottic folds were longitudinally approximated to reconstruct a thin tube to rehabilitate the voice. The pharyngoesophagus was replaced by either deltopectoral flap or forearm flap. Postoperative aspiration was minimal and voice rehabilitation was satisfactory.

Cricoid Cartilage↗
PubMed1985

Dissection of parapharyngeal space in head and neck cancer.

The parapharyngeal space is a potential space located lateral to the upper pharynx and tonsillar area. This space can be involved either by direct extension, by perineural or neural spread, or by lymph node metastasis from cancers originating in adjacent sites. Between 1978 and 1984, 22 patients with T3 or T4 carcinoma of the head and neck region underwent dissection of the parapharyngeal space in conjunction with ablation of the primary tumor and standard radical neck dissection. Twelve of these patients had carcinoma arising in the oral cavity, 4 in the oropharynx, and 6 in the major salivary glands. Surgical approaches applied to the dissection of the space were the submandibular route combined with the transoral approach in 1 patient, transparotid in 3, the mandibular "swing" approach in 9, and mandibular composite resection in 9. The last 2 approaches allowed excellent control of the neurovascular structures up to their entrance into the skull base. In 18 patients of this series, the tumor was locoregionally controlled in 5 to 77 months (median 23 months) of follow-up. Dissection of the parapharyngeal space improves locoregional control rate of advanced head and neck cancers involving this space.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Radiotherapy (interstitial irradiation) of carcinoma of the tongue--an analysis of cases in the past 10 years].

A total of 82 histologically proven squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, which were treated by interstitial irradiation (radium) at Chiba Cancer Center from 1973-1982, were reviewed. The cumulative five-year survival rate of all cases was 64%: 78% in Stage I and II group, 68% in Stage III and 47% in Stage IV. Local recurrence was noted in eight cases (10%) and later cervical node metastases in 14 cases 25% in T 1-4 N 0). The incidence of mandibular osteoradionecrosis was 18 cases (22%).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

In the period between November 1972 and December 1982, 27 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated. The male to female ratio was 20:7. and ages ranged from 17 to 71 years with a median of 46. Most of the cases were classified as stage 4. Histological findings according to the WHO classification revealed undifferentiated carcinoma in two-thirds of all cases. The cumulative survival rate was 41.9% over a three-year-period and 17.1% over a five-year-period. Both primacy lesion and regional lymph node metastases were well controlled by radiation therapy. In patients with cranial nerve palsy and/or destruction of the skull base, distant metastasis developed severely later. Most of the distant metastases were found in bone and/or in the lung. In 14 of the 27 cases, systemic chemotherapy using various drugs, either alone or in combination, was performed. No complete response was obtained. Partial response was observed when adriamycin and vincristine were used in combination. Minor response was observed when pepleomycin or adriamycin was used alone. The sequential combination of bleomycin and mitomycin-c also produced minor response. Pre-radiation chemotherapy is recommended to obtain more effective results. The combined use of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) and pepleomycin (peplomycin) was reported to be effective in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The testing of pre-radiation chemotherapy using this combination is encouraged for in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Moderate dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue therapy in the treatment of head and neck cancer].

A clinical trial of moderate dose methotrexate (MTX)-CF rescue was conducted in 12 institutions. Thirty-seven patients with head and neck carcinoma entered this trial, of which 32 were evaluable. MTX was administered 350 mg/m2 (500 mg/body) by i.v. drip over 6 hours. Three hours after completion of MTX infusion, CF rescue was started. There was no complete response in 32 patients. Nine patients showed partial response with the response rate of 28%. The response rates were 21% for the group of patients treated previously, and 75% for the group untreated previously. MTX concentration in plasma was determined at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the initiation of MTX infusion, and the assay results revealed a safe range. GI disturbances were seen at the rates of 11 to 38%. Bone marrow suppression was mild and no renal toxicity was observed. We concluded that the moderate dose MTX-CF rescue therapy was useful for head and neck carcinoma. As a next step, we are planning to conduct a clinical trial of high-dose MTX.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Carcinoembronic antigen and endocrine response in a patient with Sipple's syndrome following surgery.

Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), calcitonin (CT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and levels in tissue extracts of a patients with Sipple's syndrome were measured simultaneously. Biofocal medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland (MCT), left adrenal phaeochromocytoma and ectopic para-aortal phaeochromocytoma had been removed in the first operation. Total thyroidectomy was performed thereafter. Evidence has been presented showing that (1) the first operation lowered the elevated serum levels of CEA and CT, and levels of CEA and CT in tissue extracts of MCT were considerably higher than those of tumor-uninvolved thyroid tissue and phaeochromocytomas; (2) markedly elevated levels of plasma ACTH were normalized by the first surgery and, in addition, immunoreactive ACTH and beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) were detected in the phaeochromocytomas removed. This is a documented case of the simultaneous production of CT and CEA by MCT associated with ectopic secretion of ACTH and beta-MSH from the phaeochromocytomas without manifesting clinical features of Cushing's syndrome and is based on the findings referred to above.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Somatosplanchnic reflex discharges in rats.

Splanchnic efferent reflex discharges caused by electrical stimulation of limb afferent nerves or intercostal afferent nerves were studied in chloralose-urethane anesthetized rats. Stimulation of the limb afferent nerve produced late supraspinal reflex discharges via group II and III afferent excitation. Stimulation of the intercostal afferent nerve produced early spinal reflex discharges via group II and III afferent excitation and also late spinal reflex discharges via group IV afferent excitation. Intercostal afferent nerve stimulation seemed to strongly depress the splanchnic late supraspinal reflex discharges.

Afferent Pathways↗