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F Stachurski

Publications and source records attributed to F Stachurski.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Tsetse control in cattle from pyrethroid footbaths.

In Burkina Faso, we assessed the efficacy of treating cattle with a footbath containing aqueous formulations of pyrethroids to control two tsetse-fly species, Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850 (Diptera, Glossinidae) and Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank 1949. Legs were the most targeted parts of the body for tsetse-fly blood meals: 81% (95% CI: 73, 89) for G. tachinoides and 88% (81, 95) for G. palpalis. The in-stable efficacy of footbath treatments was compared with manual full spraying with a 0.005% alphacypermethrin (Dominex, FMC, Philadelphia, USA) formulation (250mL versus 2L). The proportions of knocked-down flies were the same with footbath and full spray but the latter was more protective against fly bites. In field use, the efficacy of both methods should be similar given the recommended treatment frequency: 3 days for footbath versus 7 days for full spray. Among 96 cattle drinking at the same water point in Dafinso (Burkina Faso), 68 (71%) were treated with a footbath containing a 0.005% deltamethrin formulation (Vectocid, CEVA SA, Libourne, France). We observed the effect of this live-bait technique on the one hand on released cohorts of reared, irradiated flies, and on the other hand on wild tsetse flies. In both cases, the footbath treatment was associated with a reduction of the apparent fly density probably related to an increased mortality.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Attachment kinetics of the adult tick Amblyomma variegatum to cattle.

At the beginning of the 1999 rainy season, three traditional cattle herds were monitored for 48 days while grazing in the bushy savannah of southwestern Burkina Faso. Cattle in each herd were caught on several occasions each day and the attached ticks were counted. This confirmed that Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Acari: Ixodidae) adults picked up in the pastures mainly attach to the interdigital areas (87% of the 791 ticks captured), and reach the predilection sites later (chest and udder/inguinal area) when the animals lie down. As many females as males attached to the hosts, but the seasonal distribution was very heterogeneous, with only a few females attaching as long as the humidity rate remained low. It is suggested that this prevents eggs from being laid when conditions are not optimal for their survival and that of the larvae. Ticks attached all day but the number picked up hourly and daily varied greatly according to their density on the pasture. As a general trend, confirmed by another study carried out in 2005, the number of ticks picked up daily increased from less than one tick/animal/day, before the onset of the rainy season, to 6.5 (+/- 1.5) ticks/animal/day on average during the infestation peak, which lasted 6-8 weeks, until early or mid-July. The number then decreased to less than one tick/animal/day from the end of July onwards. The infestation on the predilection sites followed the same trend, with a daily tick burden increase of three to five A. variegatum adults, depending on herd and year, during the infestation peak.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Footbath acaricide treatment to control cattle infestation by the tick Amblyomma variegatum.

Previous studies have shown that about 90% of adult Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Acari: Ixodidae) picked up daily by grazing cattle are still attached to the interdigital areas in the evening, when the animals return from pasture. It was therefore postulated that a targeted treatment, designed to kill the ticks attached to the feet, would limit infestation of the predilection sites. Footbaths filled with various pyrethroid formulations were used over 3 years, at the beginning of the rainy season (from mid-May to the end of July), to assess the efficacy of such a control method. It proved efficient in preventing the ticks from attaching to the predilection sites. Although five to 12 A. variegatum adults attached to each treated animal daily, and although the tick burden of the predilection sites of control cattle increased each day by four to 10 ticks, the average infestation of the predilection sites of treated cattle that were initially highly infested (over 100 ticks/animal) continuously decreased to reach a level of about 10-30 ticks/animal after 6-8 weeks of treatment. In herds with a lower initial tick burden (40-70 ticks/animal) this level was obtained within 2-3 weeks and the mean infestation subsequently remained consistently low. Footbath treatment carried out every other day during the adult peak infestation period should therefore greatly limit losses due to ticks. This method was appreciated by traditional livestock farmers, essentially because it is not time-consuming and because it requires only c. 200 mL aqueous formulation per animal at each passage. The cost of the acaricide needed to treat one animal during the peak infestation period was assessed at c. euro 0.20. This control method might also have an impact on some species of tsetse flies and mosquitoes, thereby contributing to trypanosomiasis and malaria control.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Invasion of West African cattle by the tick Amblyomma variegatum.

Studies in Cameroon and Burkina Faso examined the invasion process of cattle by adult Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks. Nearly all the ticks picked up in the pasture during grazing were found on the limb ends, near the hooves, where they temporarily attached. Then when the cattle lay down, the ticks moved from the feet towards the predilection sites, where they attached definitively. Many ticks disappeared during this displacement. All the female ticks and approximately 70% of the males were thus unable to attach to the predilection sites as long as the pioneer males had not attached and started to produce attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromones. Nevertheless, A. variegatum females and males attached to the feet in similar numbers during grazing, whether the cattle were already infested or not, indicating that stimuli originating from the hosts are powerful enough to attract both sexes. After attachment of the pioneer males, the number of ticks that successfully reached the predilection sites increased. However, even on infested animals, 40-50% of A. variegatum ticks found near the hooves after the grazing periods disappeared during the night following their capture. When moving from the temporary attachment sites towards the final ones, one-third of the ticks changed the individual host. Considering this two-stage infestation process, it is suggested that a targeted tick control, using a foot-bath, might greatly reduce cattle infestation. In particular, it could be effective in traditional herds, with animals grazing permanently during the day, lying down only once back in the night pen.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1993

Impact of natural infestation of Amblyomma variegatum on the liveweight gain of male Gudali cattle in Adamawa (Cameroon).

The effect of natural tick infestation on the liveweight gain (LWG) of male Gudali zebu cattle was studied throughout a year by comparing the performances of two herds, one of which was submitted to weekly acaricidal treatment and the other was left untreated against ticks. Six species of ticks were identified on the untreated animals: Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus decoloratus, Rhipicephalus lunulatus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Hyalomma nitidum and Hyalomma marginatum rufipes. Most of the losses observed in the untreated herd during the rainy season were due to A. variegatum, and the loss in LWG was estimated to be 55-76 g per engorged female A. variegatum. The infestation also leads to wounds and to lesions of dermatophilosis. There was an interval between the peak infestation by A. variegatum and the appearance of weight loss owing to them. The control of ticks on the Gudali zebu in Adamawa, during the months of high infestation by A. variegatum adults, is economically profitable. On the other hand, the performances of the two herds during the dry season were similar, showing that infestation by larvae and nymphs of A. variegatum has no impact on the zebu LWG, and that tick control during that period is not profitable.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Variability of cattle infestation by Amblyomma variegatum and its possible utilisation for tick control.

A great variability of the individual infestation by Amblyomma variegatum adults was observed on naturally infested Gudali zebus. Some of the animals (called "attractive for A. variegatum") had a tick burden 10 to 16 times higher than that of the least parasitized cattle of the herd (called "non-attractive"). Ranking of the animals based on A. variegatum infestation was correlated for successive tick counts. Experiments were designed to determine if the "non-attractive" cattle remained lightly infested when the "attractive" ones are removed from the herd. When these two types of cattle grazed separately, it was observed that the "non-attractive" animals had a lower tick burden and that their infestation occurred more slowly than that of the "attractive" ones. The difference between the two groups was nevertheless smaller than that existing when the animals were in the same herd. The selection of the "non-attractive" cattle, on which a tick control programme should not exclusively be based, could however be used as a component of a tick control strategy, if this characteristic is hereditary. An experiment in progress will study the question.

Animals↗