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Biomedical subjects

F Stein

Publications and source records attributed to F Stein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Severe laryngotracheobronchitis complicating measles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of severe measles-related laryngotracheobronchitis in patients hospitalized during a recent measles epidemic and to evaluate factors associated with severity of airway injury and its management. DESIGN: Clinical description of patient series. SETTING: Children's hospital and county general hospital, Houston, Tex. PATIENTS: One hundred twenty-four children (aged 1 month to 19 years) admitted with a diagnosis of measles. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS/RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients had significant laryngotracheobronchitis, including 10 who had not received appropriate immunization. Six patients required endotracheal intubation for relief of upper airway obstruction. The median age of patients requiring intubation was 12 months (range, 4 to 24 months). Two patients died of complications of superinfection. Two patients survived but required prolonged intubation. Two patients underwent early diagnostic laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy and required shorter artificial airway maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: Severe laryngotracheobronchitis frequently occurs in patients younger than 2 years hospitalized with measles and may be related to bacterial or viral super-infection. Early diagnostic laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy for injury assessment and possible endotracheal tube exchange are recommended and, in some severe cases, tracheostomy should be considered to shorten artificial airway maintenance and decrease the incidence of airway complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cerebral blood flow velocities by transcranial Doppler during parabolic flight.

Microgravity is produced for 20 to 30 seconds in NASA's KC-135 aircraft at the end of a 2 G pullup for each of 40 parabolas per flight. Continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasound, arterial blood pressure, and acceleration levels were recorded for 12 male and 8 female healthy subjects without known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Recordings were made throughout 10 parabolas per subject in each of the supine, sitting, and standing postures. The data were digitized for off-line analysis using Fast Fourier Transform and other signal processing methods. A phase lag in changes to transcranial Doppler waveforms from the onset of acceleration was more pronounced in the standing position than in the sitting position. There was less of a phase lag in the supine position. These ultrasound changes preceded the more delayed variations in arterial blood pressure. The KC-135 provides a unique short-term environment that allows measurement of the human response to variations in acceleration but limits physiological monitoring of responses to a steady state of microgravity.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1990

Transcranial Doppler studies of flow velocity in middle cerebral artery in weightlessness.

Physiological adaptation to weightlessness requires changes in cardiovascular system parameters to maintain homeostasis in the presence of cephalic fluid shifts. The cerebral circulation must respond immediately to these systemic changes or impairment of cerebral function will occur. Blood flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery were measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound in NASA's KC-135 aircraft from four healthy subjects in the supine position. Transcranial Doppler data with accompanying acceleration information were analyzed in three segments in each parabola. Cardiac cycles for each segment of all 20 parabolas were pooled for individual subjects. A Student's t test on the data revealed statistically significant differences in the mean and peak frequencies, systolic/diastolic ratios and Doppler power between positive 2 gz and microgravity (10(-2) gz) as well as between positive 2 gz and negative 2 gz. Velocity waveform profiles differed for the first one third of each segment, with a more resistive waveform developing during the last two thirds. Changes in systemic arterial resistance and/or raised intracranial pressure may contribute to these TCD waveform changes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Bioavailability of enteric-coated sodium fluoride tablets as affected by the administration of calcium supplements at different time intervals.

The gastrointestinal absorption of enteric-coated (EC) tablets of sodium fluoride (NaF) with respect to different time schedules of administration of calcium supplements in solution was tested. It was found that the simultaneous administration of these two medications under these formulations did not interfere with fluoride absorption. The calcium was also well absorbed as shown by the rise in serum ionized calcium concentration. Other schedules were studied as well, such as EC NaF tablets taken 1 hour after or 3 hours before the administration of calcium supplements. No superiority was shown, on the contrary, compared with the simultaneous administration of both medications. It was concluded that EC tablets of NaF and calcium supplements in solution can be provided simultaneously to enhance compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Development of methods to analyse transcranial Doppler ultrasound signals recorded in microgravity.

During space flights, several clinical syndromes may be the result of changes in cerebral circulation. The purpose of the paper is to describe the development and initial evaluation of a system for recording, processing and displaying transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) waveforms from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in microgravity. Volunteers were repeatedly subjected to 15-20 s intervals of microgravity ('near zero gravity') during flights on the KC-135 military aircraft. Continuous TCD recordings from the MCA were stored on magnetic tape. The paper describes the system that was developed to digitise the Doppler ultrasound data and markers that corresponded to the various levels of microgravity, obtain the maximum and mean Doppler waveforms, identify the waveforms and quantify them. The results demonstrate the feasibility of making TCD recordings in a microgravity environment and illustrate excellent performance of the system and its ease of operation. Quantitative waveform analysis of the recordings from the first subject studied in the supine position showed statistically significant changes in MCA velocity waveforms during microgravity.

Cerebral Arteries↗
PubMed1989

Teaching stress management techniques to a schizophrenic patient.

This paper describes a stress management training program used with a 26-year-old schizophrenic man attending an outpatient day care program. In a seven-session program the patient was taught to use various techniques in muscle relaxation and biofeedback to decrease anxiety and to cope with stress. The patient's improvement on 7 of the 20 items of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory demonstrated the effectiveness of even a short-term stress management program.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A clinical correlation between hypozincemia and tinnitus.

We examined a group of 115 patients suffering from tinnitus and have attempted to find a statistically significant correlation between the tinnitus experienced and low blood zinc levels (hypozincemia). No particular correlation could be made between the nature of the tinnitus experienced and hypozincemia except for the continuation of head noises, these being more frequently associated with hypozincemia when they are intermittent. Two hypotheses of pathogenesis are proposed to explain this phenomenon and are based on the importance of zinc to the syntheses of enzymes and proteins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[The zinc sulfate overload test in patients suffering from tinnitus associated with low serum zinc. Preliminary report].

This work studies the efficiency of the zinc overloading in the treatment of patients suffering from tinnitus with hypozincemia. The authors have positive results about 52% of cases: in 15% there was a good amelioration and in 37% there was a little but significant amelioration of their symptoms. The authors have also found on that this type treatment with zinc of overloading is more efficient in males than in females. It is also more efficient in types of tinnitus of a continuous character than in other types.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The Perlman familial nephroblastomatosis syndrome.

In 1973, Perlman et al described a familial syndrome of bilateral renal hamartomas with or without nephroblastomatosis, macrosomia, islet cell hypertrophy, unusual facies, and early lethality. Two additional sibs were recently reported by Neri et al [1984]. We report on two sibs with polyhydramnios, fetal ascites, and abdominal muscular hypoplasia, visceromegaly, and subsequent development of Wilms tumor in one of them. Delineated features of this syndrome include visceromegaly, macrosomia, renal hamartomas, nephroblastomatosis, cryptorchidism in males, unusual facial appearance, polyhydramnios, fetal ascites, and Wilms tumor but do not include hemihypertrophy, omphalocele or umbilical abnormalities, aniridia, or other conditions known to be associated with Wilms tumor. This condition should be considered primarily in the differential diagnosis of fetal ascites without hydrops and possibly in the differential diagnosis of familial Wilms tumor, polyhydramnios, congenital hepatomegaly, or nephromegaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Radiographic examination of the hand and wrist.

Radiographs have an essential role in the treatment of the injured hand. Positioning for routine views must be standardized so that pathology is not missed. When physical findings indicate, special views that demonstrate areas not seen on routine views should be obtained.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1985

Foreign body injuries of the hand.

Retained foreign bodies and puncture wounds are common injuries to the hand. A detailed history and physical examination prior to treatment are essential. If surgical removal of a foreign body or surgical exploration of a puncture wound is decided upon, it must be performed under adequate anesthesia and tourniquet control.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1984

Effect of lithium on diffusion chamber granulopoiesis.

We studied the effect of lithium on diffusion chamber (DC) granulopoiesis. When DC loaded with bone marrow cells were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice previously injected with lithium carbonate, more proliferative and nonproliferative granulocytes were produced as compared to DC implanted into control hosts. The number of DC CFU-c was increased significantly in the lithium-treated group, but there was no difference in the number of DC CFU-s. Levels of DC fluid CSF showed no evident correlation with DC myelopoiesis. These data suggest that a humoral factor other than CSF mediates the action of lithium in DC granulopoiesis, and that lithium's influence on DC hematopoietic stem cell proliferation occurs mainly at the CFU-c level.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Enhanced diagnosis of hand and wrist disorders by triple phase radionuclide bone imaging.

Triple phase radionuclide bone imaging (TPI), a diagnostic study, consists of a blood flow evaluation by means of an intravenous bolus injection of radionuclide tracer and rapid sequential images which show the arterial pattern; an immediate static image reflecting the pooling of activity in the soft tissues; and delayed static images taken about one hour later which reflect bone localization of the radiotracer. TPI is not specific for a particular condition, but it will confirm or rule out the presence of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Modification of the antiradical defense system of the organism under the influence of the administration of a leukocyte factor in the rabbit. Its relation to the increase of radioresistance by biostimulants].

Injection in the rabbit of the leucocyte endogenous mediator (LEM) liberated by activated granulocytes provokes after 24 h an increase in the glutathione concentration, particularly in the spleen and in the kidney, as well as an increase in acute phase proteins and modifications of the zinc concentration in the plasma, the liver and the kidney. These modifications are compared with those provoked by non specific biostimulants which increase the radioresistance during periods varying from several days to several weeks. It may be that LEM or a component accompanying it in the injected fraction is a factor intervening in the increase in radioresistance caused by biostimulants.

Animals↗