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F Straus

Publications and source records attributed to F Straus.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Graves' disease in severe combined immunodeficient mice.

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder involving an antibody (TSAb) directed against the TSH receptor (TSHR) producing thyroid stimulation. We have developed an animal model of GD by engrafting peripheral blood mononuclear cells or T cell lines plus autologous thyroid tissue into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. We xenografted Graves' thyroid tissue from six patients into six groups of SCID mice. Autologous PBMC and T cell lines reactive to recombinant human TSHR extracellular domain and non-TSHR lines were injected ip into the designated groups. In some of the studies, thyroid tissue was irradiated with 2000 rads before xenografting. Irradiation of xenografts induced thyroid tissue damage and release of thyroid antigens and hormones. Mice reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or nonspecific T cell lines did not simulate GD. However, we achieved production of TSAb, elevation of serum T3, and TSAb-dependent survival and function of human Graves' thyroid tissue in SCID mice reconstituted with TSHR-specific T cell lines. We reconstituted SCID mice with PBMC and TSHR-specific T cell lines that recognized TSHR peptide 158-176. This may be in vivo evidence of the importance of peptide 158-176 as an immunodominant epitope on the TSHR extracellular domain.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of mutations of ras oncogene in human pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tumors.

BACKGROUND: Ras oncogene mutations have been found in many human cancers; however, pancreatic endocrine tumors have rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to analyze ras mutations in pancreatic endocrine tumors and to compare these results with the incidence of ras mutations in pancreatic exocrine cancers studied in our laboratory. METHODS: Ras oncogene mutations were studied in 33 foregut endocrine tumors (pancreatic 31, duodenal submucosa 2). Eleven were insulinomas, 12 gastrinomas, 2 glucagonomas, and 11 others were nonfunctioning islet cell carcinomas. Thirteen were benign and 20 were malignant. These were compared with 65 pancreatic exocrine cancers. Tumors were microdissected from paraffin-embedded sections. DNA was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Mutations were detected by a oligonucleotide hybridization method with sequence-specific phosphorus 32-radiolabeled probes. RESULTS: No ras mutations were identified among the 33 pancreatic endocrine tumors. In contrast, 51 of 65 (78.5%) pancreatic exocrine cancers exhibited a ras mutation. Fifty were K-ras mutations and one unusual tumor exhibited a N-61 ras mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Ras oncogene mutations do not play a role in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic endocrine tumors.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1992

Prophylactic and therapeutic carboprost tromethamine bladder irrigation in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

Recently, prostaglandins have been shown to be effective agents for the treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Among the prostaglandins studied is carboprost tromethamine, a PGF2a analog. To determine the effectiveness of carboprost tromethamine therapy on the urothelium, we induced hemorrhagic cystitis in 81 rats. These were divided into two treatment arms. One arm was treated prophylactically at the time of cyclophosphamide injection, and the other started treatment only after hemorrhagic cystitis was established. Animals were divided equally into groups receiving 0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg.% carboprost tromethamine in 0.9% normal saline by continuous bladder irrigation. All bladders were examined grossly for edema and hemorrhage, then histologically for mucosal ulceration, congestion, and perivascular hemorrhage. Results from the prophylactic arm, as compared to those for controls, revealed that all groups except those treated only with 0.9% normal saline had a lower incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis (p less than 0.05). In the established hemorrhagic cystitis arm, the group treated with 1.6 mg.% carboprost tromethamine showed the best response (p less than 0.05), whereas the group treated with 0.9% normal saline showed the poorest response. This study reveals that hemorrhagic cystitis in the rat model may be prevented by prophylactic continuous bladder irrigation with carboprost tromethamine, whereas established hemorrhagic cystitis may be treated effectively with intravesical instillation of carboprost tromethamine. Although the mechanism of action of this prostaglandin on the urothelium is unknown, it appears grossly and histologically to decrease ulceration, perivascular hemorrhage, and congestion in the mucosa and submucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nuclear DNA analysis of insulinomas and gastrinomas.

The potential for malignancy of an islet cell tumor of the pancreas is difficult to cytologically judge when one evaluates only the primary lesion, because a malignant condition is usually determined by the presence of regional or distant metastases. Nuclear DNA cytometric measurements have proved helpful both in the evaluation of the malignant potential of other endocrine and nonendocrine lesions and in the determination of the "aggressiveness" of these tumors. Thirty-six islet cell tumors or their metastases from 25 patients were studied. Eleven patients had insulinomas and typical insulinoma syndromes, and 14 others had gastrinomas with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Tissue from each tumor was stained by the Feulgen technique, and nuclear DNA cytometry was performed by means of the microTICAS system designed by the Cytopathology Laboratory of the University of Chicago. Ploidy measurements of insulinomas, taken alone, did not discriminate well between benign and malignant states. However, the single malignant insulinoma could be clearly recognized, for it was one of only two lesions in that group with 5N-exceeding rate (5N-ER) values of 1% or greater. (5N-ER is defined as the percentage of aneuploid nuclei with nuclear DNA content greater than 5N.) On the other hand, seven of eight malignant gastrinomas had ploidy values of 2.5N or greater (our definition of an aneuploid state) and/or had 5N-ER values of 1% or greater, while five of six benign gastrinomas had ploidy values of less than 2.5N and had 5N-ER values of 0%. In addition, the two most aggressive tumors had the highest ploidy and 5N-ER values. Nuclear DNA cytometric studies appear to offer promise as an aid in the evaluation of pancreatic islet cell tumors, particularly gastrinomas.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1986

Hürthle cell tumors: a twenty-five-year experience.

During a 25-year period (1959 through 1983), 54 patients with Hürthle cell tumors were treated and monitored at the University of Chicago Medical Center. Thirty percent were men and 70% were women; mean age at diagnosis was 46.7 +/- 13.2 years (range: 19 to 69 years). Tumors were grouped into three categories at the time of initial diagnosis: group 1, grossly malignant (four patients, or 7.5%); group 2, intermediate (partial capsular and/or subcapsular vascular invasion) (10 patients, or 18.5%); and group 3, benign appearing (40 patients, or 74%). Twenty-one (39%) of the patients had a history of low-dose, external radiation to the head and neck in childhood (including three of four grossly malignant lesions). A separate non-Hürthle cell thyroid carcinoma was found within the thyroid gland in 22 (50%) of the patients--79% were papillary and 21% were follicular carcinomas. In half of these, there was a history of childhood irradiation. During a mean follow-up period of 8.4 years (range, 22 days to 35 years), three additional Hürthle cell tumors were recognized as malignant after metastases were discovered--two were originally classified as intermediate lesions and one was in the benign-appearing group. Thus, seven of 54 of our patients (13%) had Hürthle cell carcinomas. One of the seven patients died of widespread metastases after 35 years, and the other six are currently free of disease. We believe that therapy of these lesions should be individualized. Total thyroid ablation (surgical procedure followed by radioiodine therapy) is appropriate for frankly malignant Hürthle cell cancers, for all Hürthle cell tumors occurring in patients who received low-dose childhood irradiation, for associated papillary or follicular carcinomas, and in those patients who exhibit partial capsular or subcapsular vascular invasion. On the other hand, single, well-encapsulated, benign-appearing Hürthle cell tumors may be treated by lobectomy and careful follow-up, since the chance that they will later exhibit malignant behavior is low (2.5% in our series and 1.5% among patients described in the recent literature).

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Carcinoid tumors: a 37-year experience.

We analyzed 101 cases of carcinoid tumor in patients treated at the University of Chicago hospitals between 1942 and 1979. Tumors occurred most commonly in the rectum (29%) and ileum (28%). Only 12% were appendiceal. More than 60% were less than 1 cm, and 43% were confined to the submucosa. These factors led to favorable prognoses. Twenty-three percent of the tumors were greater than 2 cm in diameter; 70% of them had metastasized, compared with only 6% of lesions less than 1 cm. Metastases were present in 46% of ileal and 40% of colonic lesions. None of 13 bronchial and only one of 12 appendiceal lesions demonstrated this spread. Carcinoid syndrome was noted in three cases. A second neoplasm was present in 22%. The corrected five-year survival rate was 87% overall, 95% without metastases, 83% with positive regional lymph nodes, and only 40% with distant spread.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Primary carcinoid tumor of the urethra.

The first reported case of a carcinoid tumor of the urinary tract is presented. Because of rapid local recurrence and distant spread early radical surgery is recommended. Several methods of palliation of the carcinoid syndrome-surgical, pharmacologic and chemotherapeutic-are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrinomas: a 42-year experience.

In 1947, a patient with metastatic islet cell tumor was treated for intractable ulcer disease at the University of Chicago Medical Center. Eight years later, in retrospect, it was recognized that he and another patient had the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZE). From 1947 until the present, 30 patients with the ZE syndrome have been treated at this institution. Twenty-one (70%) were male and 9 (30%) were female. Their ages ranged from 24 to 76 years. Most (79%) had abdominal pain, however, melena (42%), hematemesis (33%), and severe diarrhea (35%) were prominent as well. Symptoms were present for a mean of 5.8 years before diagnosis. Over their entire clinical course, duodenal ulcers occurred in 96% of patients, gastric ulcers in 24%, jejunal ulcers in 29%, esophageal ulcers in 6%, and stomal ulcerations in 58%. Eleven (38%) of all gastrinomas were proved to occur in the duodenum; 10 (34%) were pancreatic in origin, including 3 with the MEN I syndrome; 3 (10%) were extrapancreatic and extraduodenal in origin, and no tumor was found in 5 (17%). Each of the 3 patients with MEN I developed a proven pancreatic islet cell carcinoma with metastases as well as hyperparathyroidism and a pituitary lesion. Of 27 patients who were explored for gastrinoma, tumor was found in 20 (74%). Excluding patients with MEN who had multiple lesions throughout the pancreas, all tumors were found in the "gastrinoma triangle." Total gastrectomy was performed in 10 (37%) of 27 of all patients who were explored, in 5 (71%) of 7 when no tumor was found, and in only 5 (25%) of 20 when tumor was present. Operative mortality was 15% (4 of 27) but no death has occurred since 1974. Long-term survival has followed both tumor resection or total gastrectomy in selected individuals (including 1 patient with known multiple liver metastases who is alive 18 years after liver biopsy and total gastrectomy); however, since malignant gastrinomas were present in 46% of all patients (or 57% in whom tumor was found) and since local metastases can sometimes be removed, we favor an aggressive approach to localization and resection when liver metastases or other distant metastases are not found. Duodenal gastrinomas are particularly favorable for resection for cure. They were malignant in only 36% and their metastases were nodal in each of 4 cases. The major problem is finding them since they are often small and "occult."(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗