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Biomedical subjects

F T Willems

Publications and source records attributed to F T Willems.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Fosfomycin trometamol in a single dose versus norfloxacin for seven days in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary infections in general practice.

The efficacy and tolerability of fosfomycin trometamol in a single dose of 3 g was compared with norfloxacin 400 mg b.i.d. for seven days in the treatment of adult female patients with uncomplicated urinary infections. 158 female patients with a mean age of 30 years who presented symptoms of dysuria and frequency with documented pyuria and bacteriuria on urinalysis (greater than or equal to 10(5) cfu/ml of urine) were initially included in the study. The total number of clinically and bacteriologically evaluable patients was 111, of which 61 received fosfomycin trometamol and 50 norfloxacin. One to two days after the double blind medication schedule for seven days, 55 of 60 patients (92%) in the fosfomycin trometamol group and 48 of 50 patients (96%) in the norfloxacin group were clinically cured. 37 patients without significant bacteriuria showed a clinical cure rate of over 90% in both therapy groups. Two to three days after the single dose treatment with fosfomycin trometamol the initial infecting pathogen was eradicated in 60 of the 61 patients (98%). One to two days after a seven day treatment with norfloxacin 48 of 50 patients (96%) showed an eradication of the initial infecting pathogen. Six weeks after the start of therapy 39/60 patients (65%) and 32/49 (65%) in the fosfomycin trometamol and norfloxacin groups respectively, remained free from urinary infection. The reinfection rate in both treatment groups was approximately 25%. The relapse rate in the post treatment evaluation period of four weeks was relatively low in both therapy groups, 5/49 patients (10%) in the norfloxacin group and 3/55 patients (6%) in the fosfomycin trometamol group, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prophylaxis in gynaecological surgery: a prospective randomized comparison between single dose prophylaxis with amoxycillin/clavulanate and the combination of cefuroxime and metronidazole.

A prospective randomized comparison of a single pre-operative dose of 2.2 g amoxycillin/clavulanate versus the combination of 1.5 g cefuroxime plus 0.5 g metronidazole was conducted in 467 women, who underwent gynaecological surgery. The incidence of febrile morbidity, urinary tract infection, wound infection and the use of post-operative antimicrobial agents was similar in the two groups. Amoxycillin/clavulanate is as effective as a combination of cefuroxime and metronidazole and less expensive.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Single-dose prophylaxis in gynaecological surgery: amoxycillin/clavulanic acid versus the combination of cefuroxim and metronidazole in a randomized prospective comparison.

A prospective randomized study was conducted comparing a single 2.2 g preoperative dose amoxycillin/clavulanic acid with a regimen of 1.5 g cefuroxim combined with 0.5 g metronidazole. Two hundred and fifty-one women were evaluated in this comparative study. The febrile morbidity, the incidence of urinary tract infections and the hospital stay were similar in both regimens. A single preoperative dose of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid was as effective as a combined regimen of cefuroxim and metronidazole and less expensive.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparative study between two prophylactic antibiotic regimens of cefamandole during coronary artery bypass surgery.

In two groups of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), two different regimens of antibiotic prophylaxis with cefamandole nafate were compared. In Group 1, 30 mg per kilogram of body weight was administered intravenously during induction of anesthesia. In Group 2, a second dose of 15 mg/kg was administered intravenously shortly before cannulation. Serum and tissue levels in the right atrium, the pericardium, and the sternum were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results showed that in Group 2 the serum levels were significantly higher from 48 minutes onward after induction and remained at an acceptable level during CABG. The tissue levels in the sternum and pericardium were also significantly higher in Group 2 compared with Group 1. It is concluded that a second dose of cefamandole (15 mg/kg) shortly before the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass is recommended, particularly for high-risk patients.

Cefamandole↗
PubMed1986

Quinolones in vitro.

The first quinolone compound, nalidixic acid, showed activity against a limited number of Gram-negative micro-organisms. 'One step' resistance developed in vitro and during treatment. Resistance was not mediated by transfer of R-plasmids, which is a characteristic of all quinolones. Newer quinolones like oxolinic acid, piromidic acid, cinoxacin and pipemidic acid exhibit an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria at lower MIC values. In recent years fluorinated quinolones were introduced like ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin and amifloxacin. These compounds exhibit in vitro a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria at MIC values seventy to four hundred times less than those for nalidixic acid. The in vitro activity of these compounds has been investigated in a large study of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in general practice (PINISU). No resistance was found. The fluorinated quinolones are very promising antimicrobial agents for a limited number of indications.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

The in-vitro comparative activity of quinolones against bacteria from urinary tract infections in general practice.

In a study of lower urinary tract infection in general practice over twelve hundred strains have been isolated. Eight hundred and sixty-six consecutive strains were tested against four quinolone compounds. Sixty-nine per cent of the isolates were Escherichia coli and 15% coagulase-negative staphylococci (mostly Staphylococcus saprophyticus). The diffusion method, according to I.C.S. recommendation, was used and standardized for extrapolation of MIC results. Ciprofloxacin followed by norfloxacin and pefloxacin, was the most active quinolone compound (MIC 0 X 015-2 mg/l) against all strains, including multiresistant ones.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1983

Influence of amoxycillin and cefaclor on the colonization resistance of oropharynx.

A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was carried out to compare amoxycillin and cefaclor in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in general practice. Their effect on the microflora of the oropharynx, their clinical effectiveness, side-effects and the incidence of superinfections were monitored. Amoxycillin and cefaclor were given three times daily in a dosage of 375 and 250 mg, respectively, for 7 days. In 72 patients treated with amoxycillin, the oropharynx became colonized with resistant Gram-negative rods in 24, with Pseudomonas in 1, with Staphylococcus aureus in 3 and with yeasts in 2 patients. In 67 patients treated with cefaclor only 2 patients became colonized with Gram-negative rods. In the amoxycillin group, 5 superinfections developed within 4 weeks after treatment. No superinfection occurred after treatment with cefaclor. Clinically, cefaclor was more effective than amoxycillin and showed fewer side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1969

Replication of poliovirus in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes.

Poliovirus replication has been studied in human lymphocytes during the course of blastogenesis under phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. Enhancement of virus replication in PHA-stimulated leukocyte cultures was due to an increase in number of virus-producing cells. Virus yield was approximately 10 plaque-forming units (PFU) per producing cell, both in stimulated and in nonstimulated cultures. Adsorption and penetration studies showed that freshly drawn lymphocytes (unlike other leukocytes) were resistant to virus infection, but they became susceptible to the virus during PHA stimulation. Also, the eclipse of the virus after penetration was enhanced during blastogenesis of the lymphocytes. Our findings suggested that the monocytes in the leukocyte cultures were infected initially. In PHA-stimulated cultures, the virus then spread to lymphocytes which became susceptible to virus infection during blastogenesis. Polymorphonuclear cells died within 24 to 48 hr after initiation of the cultures and apparently could not support poliovirus replication.

Antibodies↗