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Biomedical subjects

F Taguchi

Publications and source records attributed to F Taguchi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Effect of pH on preferential antibacterial-activity of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)].

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a chelating agent, was examined for the antibacterial activity against 15 species of bacteria by treating with a 10mM solution at pH adjusted to 5.0, 7.0 or 9.0. All bacterial species tested were classified into three groups; tentatively named the pH5 EDTA-sensitive group comprising Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus, the pH9 EDTA-sensitive group comprising Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the EDTA-nonsensitive group comprising Proteus mirabilis. The EDTA-sensitivity grouping may be used as a tool for preferential decontamination of certain bacteria in live edible fishes, although further experiments are needed to characterize more strains and also species of bacteria.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

[Newly developed MRSA medium].

We have developed a new selective medium, tentatively named MR(SA)2, for rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from clinical specimens. MR(SA)2 medium contained modified Müller-Hinton agar supplemented with 75 g of NaCl, 10 g of mannit, 20 mg of bromcresol purple, 20 g of egg-yolk, 4 mg of oxacillin, and 12.5 mg of ceftisoxime per 1,000 ml. There were no differences between the growth of MRSA strains on this medium at 30 C and that of 37 C. This medium can detect the egg-yolk reaction instead of the coagulase reaction. By single streaking of a test material on the surfaces of MR(SA)2 agar, MRSAs can easily be distinguished from methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CNS), other bacteria and fungi from their colony morphologies in a quantitative manner. A few MRSA strains would not form colonies on this medium because of their susceptibilities to ceftisoxime, but this may not inpede its use, since most MRSA strains isolated from clinical materials showed resistance to ceftisoxime. From the above results, the MR(SA)2 medium may be suitable for rapid detection of MRSA and MR-CNS.

Ceftizoxime↗
PubMed1992

[Proposal for the nosocomial infection control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)].

To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospital environments, quantitative isolation of MRSA from environmental and human specimens was performed. It was found that as many as 6 x 10(4) colony forming units (CFU)/100cm2 of MRSA and also methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) were isolated from 1) 25-100% of the bed-mattresses tested in 10 out of 11 (90%) hospitals, and also 2) bed sheets for patients, floors of patient wards, laundry, bath-room, toilet and laundry storage-room. And seven and eight palms of 20 patients were contaminated with MRCNS and MRSA, respectively, and MRCNS contamination was revealed in six of medical staffs. These results indicate that hospital environments, especially the mattresses and hospital floors are highly contaminated with MRCNS and MRSA, and sanitation and cleanliness of mattresses and floors are necessary to prevent the dissemination of both MRCNS and MRSA in hospital.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1992

A new neutralization method for influenza virus in cell culture.

A novel neutralization method (ELISA-NT) has been developed for simple detection of neutralizing antibodies to influenza virus in which type specific soluble (S) CF antigen produced by unneutralized virus was measured by anti-S immune (probe) serum and enzyme-labelled Clq. Neutralizing antibody activity was determined within 48 h and expressed as a new term, NT% of the quantity of neutralized virus. A good correlation was found between NT% determined by the ELISA-NT method and NT titer by the conventional method in 82 human serum samples (r = 0.941 for type A and r = 0.875 for type B of influenza virus, p < 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Two cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia in pregnancy and the effect of anthracyclines on fetal development].

Two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy are reported on. Case 1: 38-year-old female consulted our hospital because of bleeding tendency and pancytopenia in April, 1988. She was diagnosed as having APL with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and was found to be in the 14th week of gestation. Combined chemotherapy (BHAC-DMP) including the total dose (440 mg) of daunorubicin (DNR) resulted in intrauterine fetal death at 19 weeks of gestation. The fetus was severely anemic and the bone marrow was hypoplastic. Case 2: A 27-year-old female was diagnosed as having APL with DIC at 29 weeks of gestation. BHAC-DMP including 440 mg DNR achieved complete remission. At 35 weeks of gestation, she delivered a normal infant by Caesarean section. The child had normal hematological findings and showed normal growth. Both cases developed APL accompanied by DIC during pregnancy and were treated with a similar regimen including high dose of anthracyclines. Case 2 treated in the late period of gestation delivered a normal infant, while fetal death resulted in case 1, treated in the early period of gestation. We reviewed the literature regarding chemotherapy using anthracyclines during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hypo-triploid acute myeloid leukemia with isochromosome 11q.

A 78-year-old male developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML, M2) with an isochromosome 11q (i(11q)) in hypo-triploid populations. He died 2 months later from the leukemia without having responded to chemotherapy. We reviewed 12 cases in the literature with i(11q) in hematopoietic neoplasms and found that the i(11q) is associated with complex chromosome abnormalities and with elderly patients. Ten out of the 13 patients had an AML phenotype, and they had poor response to chemotherapy and a short survival. The i(11q) may be a non-random chromosome aberration in hematopoietic neoplasms.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus by a novel neutralization method with peroxidase-labelled complement Clq.

A theoretically new neutralization method was developed for rapid and quantitative detection of virus neutralizing antibodies. The method involves the specific measurement of viral antigens produced by unneutralized virus by antiviral immune serum and peroxidase-labelled complement Clq (P*-Clq). After incubation of 37 degrees C for 18 h for amplification of herpes simplex virus (HSV) as a model, to detect unneutralized HSV, the amounts of HSV antigens produced in cells are measured by OD reading of enzymatic activities of P*-Clq bound to the HSV antigen-antibody complex formed after addition of anti-HSV probe serum and P*-Clq. Results showed that the OD reading of bound P*-Clq was proportional to the input m.o.i. of HSV and that neutralization of HSV with immune serum or human sera resulted in significant reduction of HSV-specific OD readings, depending on the antibody titers of serum samples used. The neutralizing antibody activity can be expressed as a percentage (NT%) of the quantity of neutralized virus, and the entire assay procedure can be completed within 24 h. This new method can replace the conventional neutralization test.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Localization of major neutralizing epitopes on the S1 polypeptide of the murine coronavirus peplomer glycoprotein.

A recombinant baculovirus system has been used to express the amino terminal half of the murine coronavirus (JHMV) peplomer glycoprotein in insect cells. The expressed polypeptide is glycosylated and is recognized by a set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for JHMV S protein. Three of these mAbs have a very high neutralizing activity for JHMV but not for other MHV strains. These results indicate that JHMV-specific, major neutralizing epitopes reside in the amino terminal S1 subunit of the peplomer glycoprotein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Neurovirulence of six different murine coronavirus JHMV variants for rats.

Six variant viruses of the JHMV strain of murine coronavirus with large (cl-2, CNSV, DL and DS) or small (sp-4 and JHM-X) S proteins were compared in terms of their relative neurovirulence in weanling Lewis rats. Inoculation of various doses of the variants revealed that the cl-2 and CNSV were highly virulent and DL and DS were low-virulent, while sp-4 and JHM-X were avirulent. Pathological examination of rats infected with variants cl-2, DL and sp-4 showed that the cl-2 and DL induced severe and mild acute encephalomyelitis, respectively, while no lesions were observed in the central nervous system of rats infected with sp-4. Virus growth and distribution of antigen in rat brains correlated strongly with neurovirulence. These results suggest that S protein plays a role in neurovirulence in rats. In addition, these variant viruses were shown to be useful tools for further analysis of JHMV neurovirulence in animals as well as in cultured cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Restriction endonuclease digest patterns of chromosomal DNA from group B beta-haemolytic streptococci.

Scanning densitometry and computer-assisted numerical analysis were used to examine restriction endonuclease digest patterns (RDPs) of chromosomal DNA from 26 infecting strains and 44 vaginal isolates of group B beta-haemolytic streptococci (GBS). At the 95% similarity level, HindIII RDPs of serotype Ia and III strains clustered into four and three RDP types, respectively. Nine of 10 strains from neonates with early-onset septicaemia belonged to two particular RDP types (Ia-3 and III-3). In contrast, serotype III GBS strains from meningitis cases were not characterised by particular RDP types. Associations between RDPs and certain phenotypic characteristics were also found.

Chromosomes, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Typing of human polyomavirus JC virus on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms.

JC virus DNA clones from the urine of nonimmunosuppressed Japanese individuals regularly contain an archetypal regulatory sequence which may have generated various regulatory sequences of JC virus isolates from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In this study, we established 15 new clones from the urine of Dutch, German, and Taiwanese healthy volunteers and patients. Most of these clones contained regulatory sequences essentially identical to the archetypal regulatory sequence. These clones, along with two representative urine-derived clones in Japan and five clones from the brains of PML patients (four established in the United States and one established in Japan), were analyzed with a number of restriction enzymes. We found nine restriction fragment length polymorphisms by which all clones were classified into either of the two types, A and B. Type A contained only clones from the West, while type B contained some from the West and all from eastern Asia. Each type contained both urine-derived and PML-derived clones. Furthermore, there was a close relationship between some urine-derived clones and some PML-derived clones in restriction site mapping analysis. These findings support the adaptation hypothesis which has been postulated to explain the genesis of PML-type JC viruses.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Sequence rearrangement in JC virus DNAs molecularly cloned from immunosuppressed renal transplant patients.

From nonimmunocompromised individuals, we have recently identified a possible archetypal JC virus DNA sequence from which various regulatory sequences of JC virus isolates derived from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) could have evolved. In this study, we analyzed the regulatory sequences of JCV DNAs cloned from urine samples of a PML risk group (renal transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy). A number of JC virus DNAs were molecularly cloned from virions excreted in the urine of eight patients. Furthermore, fragments containing the regulatory region were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and subsequently molecularly cloned from cell-associated JC virus excreted in the urine of two patients. The regulatory regions in all clones were analyzed with restriction enzymes, and those in representative clones were sequenced. We found that clones with the archetypal regulatory sequence were predominant in all urine samples, but a few clones carried regulatory sequences that diverged from the archetypal sequence by deletion or duplication. The finding that sequence rearrangement in the archetypal regulatory region occurs in the course of infection in immunosuppressed hosts is consistent with the adaptation hypothesis which has been put forward to explain the divergence of the regulatory regions in PML-derived JC virus isolates.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Silver ion triggers Ca2+ release from intracellular store sites in saponin-treated HL-60 cells.

We examined the effect of silver ion on Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores in permeabilized HL-60 cells using a filtration method and 45Ca2+. In HL-60 cells preloaded with Ca2+ in the presence of ATP, micromolar concentrations of AgNO3 elicited marked Ca2+ release within 1 min. The AgNO3-induced Ca2+ release was not affected by the free Ca2+ concentration in the medium. Equivalent concentrations of AgNO3 inhibited energy-dependent Ca2+ uptake as well as oxalate-supported Ca2+ uptake. In passive Ca2+ release experiments when ATP was completely depleted in the solution, AgNO3 also triggered Ca2+ release. Sulfhydryl protecting agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, and glutathione (reduced form) blocked the AgNO3-induced Ca2+ release. From these results, we conclude that the apparent Ca2+ release induced by AgNO3 is mainly due to inhibition of the Ca2+ pump with increased permeability for Ca2+ and partly due to a direct effect on the Ca2+ release channel, probably by modification of sulfhydryl groups on these proteins.

Calcium↗
PubMed1991

Hemorrhagic cystitis after bone marrow transplantation: importance of a thin sectioning technique on urinary sediments for diagnosis.

We used a thin-sectioning technique for the electron microscopic detection of viral particles within the cells of urinary sediments in three recipients who developed hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Results of viral cultures of urine and electron microscopic (EM) observations on urinary sediments were consistent in only one recipient. In this recipient, EM observations revealed many viral particles within the cells of urinary sediments with diameter of about 80 nm corresponding to adenovirus, of which type 11 was produced in viral cultures. In one of the other two recipients many viral particles with a mean diameter of 41.6 nm corresponding to papovavirus were observed, but viral cultures using conventional cells were negative. Re-cultures using HEK cells produced polyomavirus BK. EM observation was a clue to the correct diagnosis. In the remaining recipient, no viral particles were observed within the cells of urinary sediments, suggesting the hemorrhagic cystitis to be of non-viral origin, despite a positive result of viral culture. These results suggest that a thin-sectioning technique on the cells of urinary sediments is important for the differential diagnosis between a viral-induced and non-viral hemorrhagic cystitis.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1991

Direct measurement of antiviral activities by a novel immunoassay with peroxidase-labeled complement C1q.

A novel immunoassay method for evaluating antiviral activities has been developed. The method involves the specific measurement of viral antigens produced in cells infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) as a model by using the anti-HSV probe serum to detect HSV antigens and the peroxidase-labeled complement C1q to detect the immune complex formed. A new compound, heteropolyoxotungstate K7[PTi2W10O40]. 6H2O, was proven to have an anti-herpetic activity at the concentration of 5.0 micrograms/ml determined by the novel immunoassay.

Acyclovir↗