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Biomedical subjects

F Teasdale

Publications and source records attributed to F Teasdale.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Morphological changes in the placentas of smoking mothers: a histomorphometric study.

The morphological changes in the functional structure of placentas from women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy have been investigated by quantitative, light-microscopic techniques. It has been demonstrated that the placentas of the smoking mothers were morphologically very similar to the placentas of the nonsmokers. The results only showed a tendency for the placentas in the study group to contain proportionally more nonparenchymal and less parenchymal tissue than the control group, mainly in terms of a relative reduction in the intervillous space volume and peripheral villous mass and surface area. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that the perinatal morbidity associated with cigarette smoking during pregnancy is probably more related to the ischemic and/or toxic effects of several compounds in tobacco smoke, partly on placental function and also directly on the fetus, than to significant alterations in the functional structure of the placenta.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Histomorphometry of the human placenta in maternal preeclampsia.

The placentas of five mothers with severe preeclampsia who gave birth to moderately growth-retarded term infants were compared to a group of placentas collected from mothers who had uncomplicated pregnancies and normal term infants who were appropriate for gestational age. This study demonstrated that, on a quantitative histologic basis, the placentas of the preeclamptic mothers were morphologically very similar to the control placentas in terms of weight, parenchymal and cellular content, and surface areas of exchange between mother and fetus. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that, in preeclampsia not associated with severe intrauterine growth retardation, the perinatal morbidity associated with this condition is probably related more to some alterations in uteroplacental and, possibly, umbilical blood flows than to significant changes in placental structure and function. This may be due to compensatory repair mechanisms and extensive functional reserve capacities in these placentas.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Steroid metabolism by human chorion laeve from dichorionic twin pregnancies.

Certain steroid metabolic properties of chorion laeve from dichorionic twin pregnancies were examined to determine whether they were present in chorion not contaminated by decidua or serum. In the chorion situated between the two amniotic sacs and not in contact with decidua, aryl sulfatase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase activities were found. This indicates that these reactions are present in chorion laeve and were not previously ascribed to this tissue because of decidual contamination. Specific cortisol binding was also present in this area of chorion laeve, which excludes serum contamination. It is suggested that the specific steroid-binding protein in the membranes may be derived from the transcortin-like protein present in amniotic fluid.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1984

[Thoracic opacity in a newborn infant disclosing an adenomatoid cyst of the lung. Radio-echographic case].

In a preterm infant (28 week gestation), the chest film performed at 1 hour of life because of mild respiratory insufficiency showed a massive opacity of the right hemithorax. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation was suspected on the basis of ultrasonographic findings of multiple cysts. It was confirmed by further X ray examination and pathologic findings. This unusual case shows the ultrasonographic pattern and X ray evolution of this rare malformation.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Value of systolic time intervals in the diagnosis of large patent ductus arteriosus in fluid-restricted and mechanically ventilated preterm infants.

M-mode echocardiographic features suggesting a patent ductus arteriosus are based on two groups of indirect criteria: dilation of the left cardiac cavities and changes of systolic time intervals. The reliability of the first group of criteria has been questioned in fluid-limited, mechanically ventilated preterm infants. The sensitivity of the systolic time intervals in the same circumstances is investigated. Twenty-three patients with a large patent ductus arteriosus were selected. Review of their echocardiograms shows that the sensitivity of the various criteria (expressed as percentage of positivity) was as follows: inversion of the ratio of left ventricular preejection period to right ventricular preejection period, 91.3%; left ventricular preejection period to left ventricular ejection time over right ventricular preejection period to right ventricular ejection time less than 1,83%; left atrium dilation, 74%; shortening of left ventricular preejection period, 70%; dilation of left ventricular internal dimensions in diastole, 65%; increase in left atrium/aorta, 52%; and decrease of left ventricular preejection period to left ventricular ejection time, 48%. Three criteria involving time intervals (left ventricular preejection period to right ventricular preejection period, left ventricular preejection period, and left ventricular preejection period to left ventricular ejection time) had 100% specificity. The lowest specificity was found with criteria involving the left atrium (left atrial to aortic root ratio 75% and left atrium 63%). It is concluded that study of systolic time intervals is a reliable means of detecting preterm infants with hemodynamically significant left-to-right shunt through a patent ductus arteriosus even if the infants are mechanically ventilated and fluid restricted.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMed1983

The importance of an antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of correctable fetal malformations.

This study describes the importance of an early echographic examination during pregnancy for the antenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies potentially correctable after birth. During a period of 18 months there were 28 cases. In seven fetuses a gastrointestinal malformation was diagnosed between 20 and 36 weeks of gestation; there were 16 cases of urogenital anomalies detected between 19 and 38 weeks of gestation, and five other various malformations were detected between 17 and 33 weeks of gestation (two diaphragmatic hernias, one congenital heart malformation, and two cases of benign tumors). This study suggests that ultrasonic antenatal diagnosis could result in a decrease in the morbidity of congenital malformations that are correctable if the delivery is carried out in a high-risk perinatal center.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1982

Morphometric evaluation.

Placental dysfunction can be evaluated through the quantitative analysis of the morphological changes in the placental structures that are intimately related to the transfer function of the placenta. This is illustrated in the results collected from the placenta of an SGA infant, which show that this placenta differs from a control group by having significantly less functional tissues and surface areas of exchange between mother and fetus. These structural changes can undoubtedly impair placental function and fetal growth in utero. In this context, morphometry is presented as an indirect and noninvasive approach to the study of the physiology and physiopathology of gestation in the human.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: the relation of age at the time of onset to prognosis.

A study was undertaken to evaluate the predisposing factors, age at the time of onset and prognosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in 62 patients treated in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 5-year period (1974-78). Because of a peak frequency during the first week of life, the cases were divided into those of early-onset illness (appearing within the first week of life) and those of late-onset illness (appearing after this week). The main differences between the two groups were in the age at the time of the first enteric feeding (1.6 +/- 0.9 d v. 40 +/- 2.4 d [mean +/- one standard deviation]; P less than 0.001) and the interval between this feeding and the onset of symptoms (3.0 +/- 1.5 d v. 10.6 +/- 6.0 d; P less than 0.01). Furthermore, the early-onset illness was more severe, more often necessitating surgical intervention and carrying a higher mortality, than the late-onset illness. Thus, this study demonstrates that there are two forms of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, differing in time of appearance after birth as well as in severity and prognosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Gestational changes in the functional structure of the human placenta in relation to fetal growth: a morphometric study.

The study of different morphometric parameters in 17 placentas collected between 22 and 40 weeks of gestation has shown that, from mid-gestation to term, two stages are clearly discernible in the development of the human placenta. The first stage of growth, which terminates at approximately 36 weeks of gestation, is characterized by a progressive increase in parenchymal components. The second stage, which extends from around 36 weeks to term, is called the maturation stage because it is characterized by substantial fetal growth but without any increase in placental functional tissues. Evidence of this growth in function was also suggested by the demonstration of a sevenfold increase in fetal weight in the last half of pregnancy, despite a twofold decrease in the relative villous surface area. Furthermore, the study has shown that, at a given gestational age, fetuses with relatively small placentas tend to outgrow the functional capacity of their placentas.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1980

Elective delivery and the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

A prospective study was carried out to determine how often moderate or severe respiratory distress syndrome in infants delivered electively after 32 weeks' gestation or more is avoidable. During a 9-month period 64 such newborns were evaluated. The disease was considered avoidable in 14 (22%) since the indication for elective delivery was questionable. The mean birth weight and gestational age of these 14 infants were 2550 +/- 430 g and 36.3 +/- 1.7 weeks, and the mortality was 14%. This study demonstrated that elective delivery can produce severe neonatal complications, that despite their availability diagnostic tests of fetal age and maturity of the fetal lungs are not being used universally, and that the indications for elective delivery in cases of premature rupture of the membranes must be re-evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Red cell oxygen affinity, hemoglobin type, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and pH as a function of fetal development.

Studies were carried out on fresh cord blood obtained at delivery from nonstressed normal fetuses ranging from 24 to 42 weeks of gestation, to determine the relationship of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), the intracellular red cell and extracellular pH, and the proportions of adult and fetal hemoglobin in regulating the position of fetal red cell oxygen affinity in utero. There was a significant positive correlation between P50 and gestational age (r = .62, P less than .001), the linear regression increased from 17.8 to 22.5 mm Hg. There was also a significant positive correlation between P50 and the percentage of adult type hemoglobin (HbA) (r = .67, P less than .001). In contrast gestational age had no effect of 2,3-DPG levels, the mean and SD was 14.86 +/- 2.04 mol/gm of Hb or delta pH between plasma and red cell, the mean was 0.187 +/- SD 0.032. However, there was a significant negative correlation between the intraerythrocyte hydrogen ion concentration and DPG level (r = .5, P less than .025). It is concluded therefore that the decrease in fetal oxygen affinity as gestation progresses is related mainly to the increase in the amount of HbA and the levels of DPG or delta pH between plasma and red cells are not a function of gestational age.

Blood↗
PubMed1978

Functional significance of the zonal morphologic differences in the normal human placenta. A morphometric study.

Previous investigations have shown that the human placenta is a complex organ with different zones, each with a unique morphology. These zonal morphologic difference have been related to a probable blood PO2 gradient operating in the intervillous space. This study describes zonal variations in the vertical plane of the placenta by the application of different morphometric parameters. It demonstrates morphologic changes, which suggest that zonal differences may be the result of a physiologic adaptation of the placenta, which is dependent upon its structural relationships with the maternal tissues. This adaptation found in various areas of the placenta increases its functional efficiency.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1976

Numerical density of nuclei in the sheep placenta.

A method is described for estimating the number of nuclei of different cell types in the sheep placenta. The method was applied to the study of six placentas of different ages and the results have been correlated with data on the chemical composition and the physiology of the ovine placenta. In agreement with studies of placental DNA content, there is no demonstrable increase in the total number of placental nuclei in the last two months of gestation. However, the number of fetal mesenchymal nuclei decreases and there is a concomitant increase of fetal endothelial nuclei from 80 days to term. These changes correlate with a decrease in volume of the core of the placental villi and increase in umbilical blood flow.

Animals↗