Biomedical subjects

F Trivin

Publications and source records attributed to F Trivin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Insulin-dependent diabetes in Senegal: HLA-DR combinations according to age of onset and sex].

In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, HLA-DR markers are involved, namely DR3, DR4 and DR9 alleles, among black senegalese populations. Studying the different associations of these alleles showed a strong predisposition to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with DR3/4 (p > 10(-2); OR = 13.6); DR4/9 (p < 10(-2); OR = 8.32) and DR9/9 (p < 0.05; OR = 7.78). And then it was observed a tendency to an inverse relationship of DR3/4 frequency with age of onset in male patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Quantitative analysis of C60 fullerene in blood and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array and mass spectrometric detection.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay method for C60 fullerene, in blood, liver and spleen using photodiode-array detection or mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS) and C70 fullerene, as the internal standard, is described. The recovery from mouse blood and tissues spiked with micronized C60 exceeds 90%. The method is linear from 0.05 to 200 mg of C60 per liter of blood and from 0.05 to 5.00% of C60 per tissue weight. The limit of detection of the method is 0.1 ng of C60 per injection. This method was applied to mouse blood and tissue samples after intraperitoneal administration of a micronized C60 suspension.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Evidence for survival and metabolic activity of encapsulated xenogeneic hepatocytes transplanted without immunosuppression in Gunn rats.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte transplantation could be an alternative to whole organ transplantation to correct enzymatic disorders. To this end, it would be of major importance to use xenogeneic cells without immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival and metabolic activity of encapsulated xenogeneic hepatocytes in the absence of immunosuppression. For this purpose, we used Gunn rats genetically incapable of bilirubin conjugation. METHODS: Xenogeneic (from guinea pigs) and allogeneic (from Lewis rats) hepatocytes (2x10(7)) were isolated, macroencapsulated in hydrogel hollow fibers made with an acrylonitrile-sodium methallyl-sulfonate copolymer, and transplanted into the peritoneum of Gunn rats without any immunosuppression. Plasma bilirubin levels were evaluated weekly. Bilirubin conjugates in bile and cell morphology were studied after 5 and 12 weeks, respectively. RESULTS: In Gunn rats transplanted with xenogeneic hepatocytes, a significant decrease in the serum bilirubin level was observed between 3 and 9 weeks after transplantation when compared with controls transplanted with empty hollow fibers: it fell to 62% of the initial level at weeks 5-7 (P < 0.01). A comparable result was observed in Gunn rats transplanted with encapsulated allogeneic cells. Bilirubin conjugates were observed in bile samples of rats transplanted with encapsulated hepatocytes. After explantation, hollow fibers appeared intact with minimal fibrosis. Cell viability and hepatocyte morphology were preserved. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that macroencapsulated xenogeneic hepatocytes can survive and remain functional for more than 2 months when transplanted in vivo in the absence of any immunosuppression.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1997

[Bisalbuminemia disclosing primary hyperparathyroidism with fistulized pancreatic false cyst].

Discovery on a protein electrophoregram of a bisalbuminemia can orientate according to its migration fast or slow to an hereditary mutation of an amino acid, or an acquired form by excess of beta lactamines due to renal insufficiency or by the rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst in the peritoneum. This is this late mechanism that we report in this case of bisalbuminemia related to an opened pancreatic pseudocyst secondary to an adenoma of the parathyroid gland.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗

PubMed1997

Severe CPT-11 toxicity in patients with Gilbert's syndrome: two case reports.

BACKGROUND: CPT-11 is hydrolyzed to its active metabolite SN-38, which is mainly eliminated through conjugation by hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferases (UGTs) to the glucuronide (SN-38G) derivative. Preclinical studies showed that UGT*1.1 is the isozyme responsible for SN-38 glucuronidation. Patients with Gilbert's syndrome have deficient UGT*1.1 activity, therefore may have an increased risk for related CPT-11 toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients with metastatic colon cancer and Gilbert's syndrome were treated with CPT-11 based chemotherapy. CPT-11, SN-38 and SN-38G pharmacokinetics parameters were obtained. Serum bilirubin was analysed by alkaline methanolysis and HPLC. RESULTS: Both patients presented grade 4 neutropenia and/or diarrhea (NCI-CTC) in every treatment cycle. Biliary index (after Gupta et al) values were well above 4000. CONCLUSION: We present the first clinical evidence linking bilirubin glucuronidation status and CPT-11 related toxicity. The severe toxicity experienced by the two patients with Gilbert's syndrome treated with CPT-11 based chemotherapy has a genetic basis. Individuals with Gilbert's syndrome have an enhanced risk for CPT-11 toxicity. Unconjugated serum bilirubin could be predictive parameter of CPT-11 toxicity.

Bilirubin↗

PubMed1997

DNA polymorphisms of apolipoprotein B in the population of Senegal.

Three apolipoprotein B (apoB) genetic polymorphisms, the XbaI, MspI and EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), were analysed for 221 individuals in Senegal by polymerase chain reaction. Allelic frequency determination revealed that this population has 0.79 XbaI- (X-), 0.96 MspI+ (M+), and 0.89 EcoRI+ (E+). Major genotypes were X-/X- (0.62), M+/M+ (0.92) and E+/E+ (0.80). The XbaI allele frequency is different (p < 10(-9)) from that in Caucasians (0.47) and from that in Mongoloids (0.98). Significant differences between Senegalese and Caucasians, and between Senegalese and Mongoloids were also observed for the EcoRI and MspI alleles of the apoB genes.

Apolipoproteins B↗

PubMed1997

Early changes in cutaneous bilirubin and serum bilirubin isomers during intensive phototherapy of jaundiced neonates with blue and green light.

We measured the changes in cutaneous bilirubin (Br) and serum Br photoisomers in two groups of 5 jaundiced newborn infants treated by intensive phototherapy (IP), one with blue light and the other with green light. Cutaneous Br was measured with a transcutaneous jaundice meter and photoisomers were measured by HPLC. Cutaneous Br decreased in the two groups as soon as IP began, and the skin was completely bleached within 3 h with blue light only. Rebound occurred which was more marked after blue light IP. The main serum photoproduct was the 4Z-15E isomer, which reached a steady-state level within 1 h in both groups, whereas the lumirubin and 4E-15Z Br concentrations were slightly higher after green light IP. These data indicate that blue light is more suitable for IP, although this is not clearly explained by the production of more lumirubin.

Bilirubin↗

PubMed1997

The optimized use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography to analyse the serum bile acids of patients with metabolic cholestasis and peroxisomal disorders.

We have measured the bile acids in human serum as methyl ester-trimethylsilyl ethers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using an electron ionization procedure. The overall method was validated and the detection limit (0.4 mumol/l), linearity (2-30 mumol/l), intra-day and inter-day precision, accuracy and recovery (96.2% for nor-23-deoxycholic acid as internal standard) were measured. Serum C24-bile acids profiles from 43 cholestatic patients were measured by GC-MS and by HPLC. The results obtained with the two methods were well correlated and the criteria for selecting either HPLC or GC-MS identified. The serum C24- and C27-bile acids and C29 dicarboxylic bile acid profiles for patients with generalized peroxisomal deficiencies, like Zellweger syndrome (n = 5), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (n = 1), infantile Refsum disease (n = 2) and from a single peroxisomal deficiency (n = 1) were also measured by GC-MS.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗

PubMed1997

Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in the Senegalese population is linked to HLA-DQ and not TAP and LMP genes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and large multifunctional protease (LMP) alleles and their role in the susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, in comparison with the well-known HLA-DQ alleles susceptibility, in Senegalese subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three loci in the TAP/LMP region were analyzed in 92 type 1 diabetic subjects and 117 nondiabetic control subjects by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS: No association was found between the studied polymorphisms of TAP1, TAP2, and LMP2 and type 1 diabetes in the Senegalese population, in contrast to the HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes, which were associated with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetogenic genes in the class II HLA region are located near the DQA1 and DQB1 loci rather than the TAP and LMP loci.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗

PubMed1997

[Contribution of plasma C-peptide to the classification of sugar diabetes in Dakar, Senegal].

When diabetes has been diagnosed, its classification into different types is traditionally carried out according to clinical criteria. But with arising of new parameters, one of which is C-peptide, and various subtypes of diabetes, it became more difficult. So, in order to improve the accuracy of the classification, 270 diabetic patients and 269 controls, all black senegalese subjects, were submitted to a two-step oral glucose tolerance test (0 and 120 min.) with determination of plasma glucose and C-peptide concentrations. The majority of NIDDM were confirmed at the opposite of IDDM; furthermore, it has been pointed out a group corresponding with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) among the initial controls. When comparing the two classification modes, before and after plasma C-peptide determination, it appeared statistically significant differences with p values of 10(-4) for both IDDM and NIDDM.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Cytotoxicity of bilirubin for human fibroblasts and rat astrocytes in culture. Effect of the ratio of bilirubin to serum albumin.

The sensitivity of rat brain astrocytes and human fibroblasts in culture to unconjugated bilirubin was investigated. Medium containing 6 mumol/1 bilirubin and increasing concentrations of human serum albumin giving ratios of 0.5-1.5 that resulted in an increase of the free bilirubin concentrations. The LDH activity in the culture medium was an index of cytolysis and the MTT assay was used as an index of mitochondrial impairment. The ratios producing half-maximum cell lysis after 24, 48, and 72 h, were 1.1, 0.9 and 0.85, for astrocytes, and 1.2, 0.75 and 0.75, for fibroblasts. Mitochondrial activity decreased after 24 h for ratio = 0.7 and partly recovered at 48 h. Mitochondrial activity was more impaired in fibroblasts than in astrocytes above ratio = 0.7. The cytotoxic effects were linked to the free bilirubin concentration. We conclude that astrocytes are less sensitive to bilirubin cytotoxic effects than are fibroblasts.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Effects of two different crystalloid cardioplegic solutions assessed by myocardial pH, tissue lactate content and energy metabolism.

OBJECTIVE: The influence of composition of crystalloid cardioplegia is imprecise in clinical practice. Therefore, we investigated changes in intramyocardial pH, tissue lactate content and energy metabolism during cardioplegic arrest with 2 different crystalloid cardioplegic solutions. METHODS: Twenty patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups: 10 patients had crystalloid cardioplegia buffered with bicarbonate (neutral pH of 7.8 at 20 degrees) with no additives (St Thomas' II solution) and 10 patients had a non buffered crystalloid cardioplegia (mildly acidic pH of 7.4 at 20 degrees) enriched with glutamate and mannitol (Menasché's solution). Tissue lactate and energy metabolism were measured on myocardial biopsy specimens and intramyocardial pH were continuously measured during cardioplegic arrest by a miniature glass electrode. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in hemodynamic results and in AMP, ADP, ATP, lactate values measured on biopsy specimens. The curves of intramyocardial pH were very similar in the 2 groups, the median values were 7.42 +/- 0.1 in group 1 and 7.41 +/- 0.1 in group 2 (temperature corrected values) and the areas under the curves were 260 +/- 4 and 259 +/- 4 in groups 1 and 2 respectively (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Glutamate provided no additive metabolic myocardial protection, bicarbonate had a weak buffering capacity in cold cardioplegic solutions and the 2 studied crystalloid solutions warranted a good myocardial protection in clinical practice.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1996

Cyclosporin A-mediated cholestasis in patients with chronic hepatitis after heart transplantation.

Viral chronic hepatitis often occurs in heart transplant recipients receiving cyclosporin. This essential immunosuppressive drug may induce cholestasis. We investigated the effect of treatment with cyclosporin on serum conjugated bile acids in patients with chronic hepatitis developing after heart transplantation. Fifty-nine patients were studied: 17 with chronic hepatitis, 15 heart transplant patients with normal alanine aminotransferase activity, and 27 heart transplant patients with chronic hepatitis, the last two groups receiving cyclosporin. Hepatic biochemical tests and total bile acid concentration were determined on fasting blood samples. The individual glyco- and tauroconjugated bile acids were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and direct spectrometry. In patients taking cyclosporin the bilirubin concentration and the alkaline phosphatase activity were increased only when hepatitis was present, in association with a slight increase in cholic acid level (5.13 microM vs. 0.68 microM; P < 0.01). Conjugated lithocholate concentration was dramatically higher when hepatitis and immunosuppression with cyclosporin were associated (1.17 microM vs. 0.03 and 0.04 microM; P < 0.01). Chenodeoxycholate was the main circulating bile acid only in the heart transplant patients treated with cyclosporin but without hepatitis. These results suggest that the mechanisms which explain the cyclosporin-associated modifications of the bile acid pool are different according to the presence or absence of hepatitis. The occurrence of hepatitis in patients on cyclosporin led to an increase in serum lithocholate and primary bile acid concentrations. Further studies are required to assess the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid for this cholestasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Distribution of HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles and DQA1-DQB1 genotypes among Senegalese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Transracial analysis is one method for distinguishing primary associations between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and HLA II alleles from those related to linkage disequilibrium. Black people have different DR-DQ relationships from other races and are a useful group to investigate HLA-D regions associated with IDDM. In this study, we compared the frequencies of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles in Senegalese IDDM and control subjects. DQA1*0301 was positively associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (p < 10(-9), OR 5.21), as were DQB1*0201 and *0302 (p < 10(-7) OR = 3.55, p < 10(-3) OR = 3.20, respectively). The positive associations with DQA1*0301, DQB1*0201 and DQB1*0302 are consistent with all racial groups investigated. However, taken together, the data in Senegalese population show that susceptibility and resistance to IDDM are associated both with particular haplotypes and DQA1-DQB1 heterodimers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Can free T3 determination be affected by the presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus?].

Overall frequency of thyroid disease is increased in diabetic patients, especially in insulin-dependent diabetes. Free T3-assays are thus ordered more often in these populations. Attention has been drawn to the role of non-esterified fatty acids in the different techniques used to assay free T3. The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical revelance in a population of uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes. The results demonstrated that elevated non-esterified fatty acid levels observed in type 1 diabetes in modifications of free T3 assays, don't modified the different technics of free T3.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[HLA-DR:DQ genotypes and insulin-dependent diabetes in Senegal].

At the opposite of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ was not well documented in homogeneous negroïd populations. So, 93 IDDM and 115 control patients, all black senegalese people, were studied. The results showed three HLA-DQ IDDM-related susceptibility genotypes and also a high risk conferred by HLA-DR4/DR9 usually described in Mongoloïd people. Furthermore, DR:DQ associations allowed the identification of three IDDM predisposition genotypes, each of them with a characteristic mean age for disease diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Serum conjugated bile acid profile during intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a specific liver disease of pregnancy of unknown cause. The serum bile acid profile has not been clearly described in this disease and the aim of this study was to investigate the serum conjugated bile acid profile. METHODS: Thirteen patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy were studied. Ten patients had been treated with natural progestatin before the onset of pruritus. The glyco- and tauroconjugated bile acids were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and direct spectrometric detection at 199 nm. RESULTS: There was no difference between total bile acid concentrations measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (43.5 +/- 22.6 microM, mean +/- S.D.) or by an enzymatic procedure (43.4 +/- 24.6 microM), indicating a low concentration of free bile acids. Primary bile acids represented 88% of total bile acids, i.e. 72.7% for cholic acid and 15.3% for chenodeoxycholic acid. For both cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids glyco- and tauroconjugates were equivalent. Secondary bile acids represented 11.3% of total bile acids. Ursodeoxycholic acid was identified at very low concentrations in only three samples. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy primary bile acids are very predominant.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

HLA-DQ beta 1 typing and non-Asp57 alleles in the aborigine population of Senegal.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate, in Senegalese subjects, the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ beta 1 alleles and their role in susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: HLA-DQ beta 1 typing was done in 55 IDDM subjects and 118 nondiabetic control subjects by means of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Alleles bearing a codon for an Asp residue at position 57 in the DQ beta-chain were associated with a significantly lower risk of IDDM. Alleles 0201 and 0302 (Ala57) were positively associated with diabetes, but allele 0501 (Val57) was less frequent in IDDM subjects than in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: HLA-DQ beta 1 alleles may be genetic susceptibility markers for IDDM in the Senegalese population, as they are in Caucasian populations.

Adolescent↗