Structural relaxation and rheological response of a driven amorphous system.
The interplay between the structural relaxation and the rheological response of a simple amorphous system {a 80:20 binary Lennard-Jones mixture [W. Kob and H. C. Andersen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1376 (1994)]} is studied via molecular dynamics simulations. In the quiescent state, the model is well known for its sluggish dynamics and a two step relaxation of correlation functions at low temperatures. An ideal glass transition temperature of Tc=0.435 has been identified in the previous studies via the analysis of the system's dynamics in the framework of the mode coupling theory of the glass transition [W. Kob and H. C. Andersen, Phys. Rev. E 51, 4626 (1995)]. In the present work, we focus on the question whether a signature of this ideal glass transition can also be found in the case where the system's dynamics is driven by a shear motion. Indeed, the following distinction in the structural relaxation is found: In the supercooled state, the structural relaxation is dominated by the shear at relatively high shear rates gamma, whereas at sufficiently low gamma the (shear-independent) equilibrium relaxation is recovered. In contrast to this, the structural relaxation of a glass is always driven by shear. This distinct behavior of the correlation functions is also reflected in the rheological response. In the supercooled state, the shear viscosity eta decreases with increasing shear rate (shear thinning) at high shear rates, but then converges toward a constant as the gamma is decreased below a (temperature-dependent) threshold value. Below Tc, on the other hand, the shear viscosity grows as eta proportional, etax 1/gamma, suggesting a divergence at gamma=0. Thus, within the accessible observation time window, a transition toward a nonergodic state seems to occur in the driven glass as the driving force approaches zero. As to the flow curves (stress versus shear rate), a plateau forms at low shear rates in the glassy phase. A consequence of this stress plateau for Poiseuille-type flows is demonstrated.