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Biomedical subjects

F W Albert

Publications and source records attributed to F W Albert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Nilvadipine in hypertension with renal dysfunction.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nilvadipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, were examined in 16 patients divided into two different population groups. The first group of eight patients had arterial hypertension with limited renal function (creatinine clearance of 15-50 ml/min). The second group of eight patients had arterial hypertension with no concomitant renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance over 80 ml/min). Following a 1-week placebo washout period, all patients were given 8 mg of nilvadipine once daily for 10 days. The diastolic blood pressure (24-h postdose) fell in group I from a mean of 100.5 to 91.5 mm Hg and in group II from a mean of 106.7 to 88.2 mm Hg, which was significant in comparison to the placebo period. In neither group was there a significant change in heart rate, renin and aldosterone plasma levels, serum electrolytes, or sodium and potassium excretion. The pharmacokinetics of the unchanged nilvadipine were not significantly different between group I and group II. Neither group showed unchanged nilvadipine in urine. There was a slight increase in plasma levels of the inactive main metabolites M3 and M7; there was correspondingly less M3 found in the urine of group I patients. Nilvadipine appears to be an effective hypotensive agent at single daily doses of 8 mg. This dosage was well tolerated. The findings of this study did not suggest that lower doses need to be given to patients with limited renal function, at least not those with a creatinine clearance between 15 and 50 ml/min.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Studies on morphological outcome of cyclosporine-associated arteriolopathy after discontinuation of cyclosporine in renal allografts.

Cyclosporine (CSA)-associated arteriolopathy (CAA) is the second most frequent morphological diagnosis in renal allografts and its final outcome remains unclear. The present study was performed to clarify the morphological outcome of CAA by follow-up histological analysis after stopping CSA. Furthermore, the clinical management of patients showing CAA is discussed. Most of the patients came from our early experience with CSA between 1981-1983 when CSA doses and trough levels were high. Twenty recipients were divided into two groups according to the presence of CAA after stopping CSA: group A (n = 9) showed persistent CAA and group B (n = 11) showed no CAA. The majority of the patients, including five incomplete remission in group A, showed obvious improvement of CAA even if the arterioles were severely affected. Improvement of CAA was noted a few months after stopping CSA or after lower dose CSA therapy. There were no significant differences in CSA blood levels or duration of CSA therapy between the groups. The severity of preexistent CAA was significantly greater in group A. Only two patients who died from malignant tumor showed exacerbation of CAA. Eight patients died and eight grafts were lost, seven due to vascular rejection and one to hemolytic uremic syndrome-like CAA. Poor renal function was also noted in four cases with functioning graft owing to vascular rejection even though the improvement of CAA was evident. The complete regression of CAA and the remodelling of arterioles showing well preserved vascular patency were frequently found after stopping or reducing the dose of CSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Contributions to biorheology during hemodialysis.

Thrombogenicity is the property of a foreign surface to induce clotting processes or formation of aggregates after contact with blood. Beside the sort of anticoagulation patient's prethrombotic state, rheological factors as well as physicochemical properties of foreign membranes decisively influence thrombogenicity. We examined the influence of chronic renal failure and different hemodialyzers and blood transfusion therapy during hemodialysis on hemorheological parameters. Different membranes cannot be discriminated by the used hemorheological parameters. We clearly could demonstrate the close relationship between the hemofiltration rate and an increase of viscosity. Blood transfusion therapy or elevated hematocrit in combination with increased hemofiltration rate have influence on the flow behaviour of blood, especially in disturbed microcirculation.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1990

The development of a central register for side effects of biomaterials.

Examination of the interaction between biomaterials and tissues from a clinical realistic as well as scientific viewpoint to complement the highly advanced experimental and biochemical basis research is an undertaking that has suffered a considerable amount of neglect in the past. Attempts to realize internationally a Central Registry for documenting clinically relevant side effects will be reported in detail. Implementation of the registry involves the review of present literature (prospective clinical studies, retrospective studies and case reports). An "incompatibility incident report/questionnaire" has been developed according to the guidelines of the "Report on Pharmacological Side Effects" of the Pharmaceutical Commission of the German Medical Association. The aims of registering and evaluating these reports will be demonstrated and discussed in detail.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1990

Platelet-tumor cell interaction.

Several reports have appeared with regard to the potential role of platelets in tumor cells metastasis. Our in vitro studies with colon tumor cells in normals and in patients give some evidence against platelet aggregation as the determinant factor in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Dimethylhydrazine induced colon tumors in Wistar rats demonstrate characteristic features of tumor cell dissociation in the invasion line and changes in intercellular adhesion.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1978

E antigen in the serum of HBs antigen-positive patients on maintenance dialysis and after transplantation.

The 'e antigen' (eAg) is specifically associated with hepatitis B virus infections and appears to be a marker for the infectivity and a prognostic indicator of the chronicity of liver disease. Therefore we examined by immunodiffusion the presence of eAg in the seum of HBsAg-positive patients on maintenance dialysis. The dialysis patients had a significantly higher incidence of positive eAg compared with a group of unselected HBsAg-positive patients without renal failure. In most of the dialysis patients the microscopic findings in the liver revealed only 'minimal changes'. Three eAg-positive patients received a renal transplant. Afterwards they displayed an appreciably increased eAg-yield on immunodiffusion and histology revealed chronic persistent hepatitis. It is assumed therefore that the immunodeficiency of patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis is possibly a supporting factor in the synthesis of eAg, and will perhaps induce a more subscute and prolonged course of hepatitis. The synthesis of eAg after renal transplantation may be enhanced by the additional immunosuppressive therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Elimination of alkyl phosphates by means of haemoperfusion: experimental results and findings from human casuistics (author's transl)].

We examined the possibility that haemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal might be used in the therapy of alkyl phosphate intoxications. The criterion used was the effect of haemoperfusion on the elimination of alkyl phosphates from the blood. Clearance values for haemoperfusion of nitrostigmine, demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate were determined in vitro. Very good clearance values were ascertained at a blood flow rate of 100ml/min (mitrostigmine 59.20ml/min, demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide 83.70 ml/min, dimethoate 87.84 ml/min). Measurements of the nitrostigmine clearance as a function of various nitrostigmine concentrations in plasma showed that haemoperfusion is effective over a concentration range covering two powers of ten. A 7-h haemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was performed on a suicide patient with severe nitrostigmine intoxication (Folidol-öl). Clearance values were obtained which were to be expected on the basis of the in vitro investigations. The nitrostigmine concentrations in the extracorporeal blood plasma fell as a result of haemoperfusion to a mid-value of 55 per cent of the initial level. In the patient the level of nitrostigmine in the blood rose showing that there had been a redistribution of nitrostigmine from the tissue or a subsequent absorption from the gastrointestinal tract into the vessels. The results support the use of haemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal in very severe cases of alkyl phosphate intoxication or where standard therapy fails.

Adult↗