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Biomedical subjects

F W Yoder

Publications and source records attributed to F W Yoder.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Treatment and prevention of basal cell carcinoma with oral isotretinoin.

Twelve patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas resulting from varying causes were treated with high-dose oral isotretinoin (mean daily dosage: 3.1 mg/kg/day) for a mean of 8 months. Of the 270 tumors monitored in these patients, only 8% underwent complete clinical and histologic regression. All patients developed moderate to severe acute toxicities, leading five patients to withdraw from the study. Retinoid skeletal toxicity was identified in two patients who were examined after long-term therapy. Lower doses of isotretinoin (0.25 to 1.5 mg/kg/day) were ineffective for chemotherapy but demonstrated a chemopreventive effect in a subset of three patients who received these lower doses for 3 to 8 years. Two of these three patients have been observed after discontinuation of therapy. In one patient with a history of arsenic exposure, only one new tumor has appeared in a 27-month posttreatment observation period; in the other patient with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, 29 new tumors have appeared within a 13-month period. This suggests that the need for long-term maintenance therapy with isotretinoin for chemoprevention of basal cell carcinoma may depend on the underlying cause of the skin cancers.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of ichthyosis with isotretinoin.

A multicenter study of the effectiveness of 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) in lamellar ichthyosis and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis has been conducted. A dose of the drug which produced maximum clearing with minimum side effects was chosen; this varied among different patients, the mean dose being about 2 mg/kg/day. Almost all of the patients in both groups were clearly improved, as evaluated both by the physicians and the patients. The degree of improvement seemed higher in the group of patients with lamellar ichthyosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Prolonged remissions of cystic and conglobate acne with 13-cis-retinoic acid.

Fourteen patients with treatment-resistant cystic and conglobate acne were treated for four months with oral 13-cis-retinoic acid, a synthetic isomer of naturally occurring all-trans-retinoic acid. The average dose was 2.0 mg per kilogram per day. Thirteen patients experienced complete clearing of their disease; the other had 75 per cent improvement, as determined by the number of acne nodules and cysts present before and after therapy. Prolonged remissions, currently lasting as long as 20 months after discontinuation of therapy, have been observed in all 14 patients. Clinical toxicity was limited to the skin and mucous membranes in most patients and was dose dependent and rapidly reversible upon discontinuation of therapy. The mechanism of action of 13-cis-retinoic acid in the therapy of acne probably involves a direct inhibitory effect of the drug on the sebaceous gland.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1978

Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Recognition and relationship to neurological abnormalities in Cockayne's syndrome.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) in adults is a well-known cause of dementia. We describe NPH in children having the recessively inherited Cockayne's syndrome (CS). Cockayne's syndrome is characterized by cachectic dwarfism, neurological dysfunction, and cutaneous sunlight sensitivity. We noted that the NPH-associated triad of dementia, gait disturbance, and incontinence developed in CS patients. Computerized tomography of the brain in our four CS patients showed hydrocephalic enlargement of the brain ventricles greatest in the older patients. There was no evidence of cortical atrophy except in the one patient who had CS with xeroderma pigmentosum. Lumbar puncture and radionuclide cisternography in the two patients tested showed normal CSF pressure, with complete blockade to flow of radionuclide above the tentorium cerebelli, ventricular reflux, and delayed absorption. Studies of NPH in CS may elucidate the pathophysiology of NPH and methods to alter its sequelae.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Cockayne's syndrome fibroblasts have increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light but normal rates of unscheduled DNA synthesis.

Cockayne's syndrome is a form of cachectic dwarfism characterized by acute sun sensitivity and numerous other abnormalities of many organ systems. We studied fibroblasts from 9 Cockayne's syndrome patients to determine if their fibroblasts had abnormal post-ultraviolet light colony-forming ability or abnormal ultraviolet light-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis. The fibroblast strains from all the patients had markedly decreased post-ultraviolet light colony-forming ability in comparison with fibroblasts from control donors. Since this increased ultraviolet light sensitivity is propagable in vitro, it may be a manifestation of, or be closely associated with, the inherited genetic defect of this autosomal recessive disease. However, the patients' fibroblasts had normal rates of ultraviolet light-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis. Thus, unlike the UV sensitivity of DNA excision repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum strains, the UV sensitivity of Cockayne's syndrome strains is not related to abnormal DNA excision repair, at least to the extent that this repair process is reflected by rates of ultraviolet light-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1978

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: radiographic manifestations including cystlike lesions of the phalanges.

The radiographic findings in 25 patients with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome are presented. Cystlike lucencies of the phalanges, a previously unreported finding, were seen in 46% of the patients in whom hand films were obtained. Mandibular cysts, present in 42% of cases, and exuberant intracranial calcifications were also characteristic features. Brachymetacarpalia, and rib and spine anomalies were also associated with the syndrome but are less specific findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Treatment of lamellar ichthyosis and other keratinising dermatoses with an oral synthetic retinoid.

Thirteen patients with keratinising dermatoses were treated for 2-17 weeks with oral 13-cis retinoic acid. There was near complete clearing of the skin lesions beginning within 2 weeks of starting treatment in all five patients with lamellar ichthyosis (including two cases of non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma), in two of the three patients with Darier's disease, and in one patient with pityriasis rubra pilaris. The patients with psoriasis and naevus comedonicus did not improve. The main form of toxicity was cheilitis. These results indicate that 13-cis retinoic acid may be more effective and is less toxic than naturally occurring retinoic acid (all-trans vitamin A acid), and that the synthetic retinoids may represent a potent new class of drugs in the treatment of cutaneous disease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Aleukemic leukemia cutis.

Specific leukemic cutaneous infiltrates preceded observable leukemic cells in the blood in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Examination of a cutaneous biopsy specimen led to early diagnosis of the disease.

Adolescent↗