Phenotypic trait transferred by cybridization.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
F Wiener
Publications and source records attributed to F Wiener.
Computer-based monitoring and data management in critical care.
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Computers↗
Chromosome banding, isoenzyme studies and determination of Epstein-Barr virus DNA content on human Burkitt lymphoma/mouse hybrids.
Four independently fused hybrid clones derived from a cross between the mouse mammary carcinoma TA3Ha and the human Burkitt lymphoma line Daudi were tested for the EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA), EBV-DNA and the presence of human chromosomes, in the course of serial propagation in vitro. EBNA and EBV-DNA were lost in parallel with the loss of human chromosomes. It seems that the persistence of EB-viral genetic information does not require the presence of a specific human chromosome(s) in this particular hybrid combination.
Animals↗
Computer simulation of medical reasoning in the assessment of kidney disease.
A system for the simulation of clinical reasoning was applied to the evaluation of patient data in nephrological diseases. The system allows the physician to computerise the medical logic in his area of specialisation, to prepare suitable protocols for recording clinical observations, to analyse the patient data for assessing his present clinical status and to plan appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The medical logic is expressed in modular form as a series of inferences to be confirmed or rejected on the basis of Boolean combinations of clinical findings and previous inferences. The acceptable Boolean combinations are formulated in terms of threshold logic. The computer programs produce alphabetical lists of the clinical findings appearing in the medical logic, which are organised by the physician into data acquisition protocols appropriate to each phase of clinical activity. The system was run on a series of 22 patients hospitalised in the Department of Nephrology. The patient status reports produced by the computer were in substantial agreement with the assessment of a senior nephrologist. The protocols assured a more complete and accurate recording of patient data than that appearing in the routine patient chart. The program was of value in standardising patient examinations and in the training of new medical staff.
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
Computer-aided tumour classification and treatment selection in breast cancer.
In order to provide a common basis for treatment decisions and the future evaluation of breast cancer therapy, the breast cancer protocol used in our clinic was formulated for the computer. A system for the simulation of clinical reasoning was used which allows the physician to express the medical logic as a series of inferences to be confirmed or rejected on the basis of Boolean combinations of medical criteria. The system enables the physician to rearrange these criteria into a questionnaire for complete and accurate recording of patient data. These data are then fed into the computer to produce a patient status report and treatment recommendations. The data from 26 patients in various stages of breast cancer have been processed by the computer and the computer's conclusions compared to the assessment made by a junior physician in our department. In three cases the staging was not identical, in 15 cases the treatment decisions were not identical and in all cases investigations were left out by the physician. The system has been of considerable value in standardising patient examination and treatment and in training inexperienced physicians.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Histochemical studies on the EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA).
The EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) was studied with regard to several histochemical properties. Proteolytic enzymes destroyed EBNA staining. RNAse DNAse and hyaluronidase had no effect on the number of EBNA positive cells. Intensive treatment with DNAse weakened the chromosomal fluorescence of EBNA, whereas the staining of interphase nuclei was relatively enzyme resistant. When EBV-associated soluble complement-fixing antigen of Raji cells (CFA-R) was added to methanolacetic acid-fixed chicken red blood cells, brilliant and specific EBNA staining was obtained by anti-complement fluorescence (ACIF) with anti-EBNA positive sera. DNAse treatment abolished the ability of the nuclei to bind the antigen (CFA-R), whereas DNAse treatment following CFA-R antigen binding had no effect on the ACIF staining. EBNA was relatively heat stable. Somewhat weakened, but still fully positive EBNA reaction was obtained after 56 degrees C heating for 30 minutes in BSS. Periodate destroyed the EBNA reaction. Formaldehyde also abolished the staining, whereas methanol, acetone, methanol-acetone and methanol-hexyleneglycol-water preserved the staining relatively well.
Antigens, Viral↗
Tumor-host cell hybrids in radiochimeras reconstituted with bone marrow and thymus grafts.
CBA/H and CBA/HT676 radiation chimeras were prepared by lethal irradiation and subsequent reconstitution with bone marrow of the host karyotype and thymocytes of the opposite karyotype. After T- and B-cell chimerism had been established, the animals were inoculated with SEWA or TA3Ha ascites tumor--donor cell hybrids were isolated following the explantation of TA3Ha tumor in selective HAT medium and by selecting for adherent cells from SEWA. The T6T6 chromosomal marker served to distinguish between the type of cell involved in the fusion. In all hybrids the donor component was a nonthymus-derived cell.
Animals↗
The expression of differentiated functions in somatic cell hybrids: retention and activation of C3 production.
Rat and mouse fibroblasts which do not secrete the third component of complement (or secrete it at a very low rate), were respectively hybridized with mouse and rat hepatoma cells which actively produce C3. These interspecific hybrids actively secrete both mouse and rat C3. The production of C3 coded by the hepatoma cell genome is thus retained, but in addition, the secretion of C3 coded by the fibroblast genome is activated. On the other hand, intraspecific hybrids have been isolated from normal diploid C3 producing cells and non-producing cells. These cell hybrids also retain the capacity to secret C3. Retention of C3 production thus does not appear to be peculiar to hybrides derived from hepatoma cells.
Cell Fusion↗
Tumorgenicity of L cell derivatives and hybrid cells derived from them.
Hybridization studies on high and low malignant L cell derivatives support our previous conclusions, in showing that crosses between highly tumorigenic and poorly tumorigenic lines to a marked suppression of the malignant phenotype. Malignant behaviour is not, however, suppressed when cells from one highly tumorigenic line are crossed with those of another tumorigenic line. The present results show further that these rules apply even when all the cells crossed are closely related derivatives of one cell line.
Animals↗
Genetic determinants of morphological differentiation in a lymphoma-sarcoma hybrid.
Hybrid cells, YACIR/MSWBS were produced by fusion of the cells of a methylcholanthrene induced murine sarcoma MSWBS and a virus induced murine lymphoma YACIR. The hybrid cells were maintained in vitro and syngenic mice challenged at various periods after fusion. Karyological analysis has been performed on the cell line, and on the tumours which arose in vivo. The tumours were also examined histologically. Over the 2 yr following fusion there was a progressive loss of chromosomes but biarmed MSWBS derived chromosomes were selectively retained. Tumours could be divided into those whith a chromosome complement similar to that of the early line in vitro, those in which chromosome loss had occurred and those in which karyology showed a mixture of the two foregoing types. Histology showed a minority of sarcoma-like tumours reminiscent of MSWBS and the majority of these showed little chromsome loss. Most tumours showed an intermediate morphology and the great majority of these had lost moderate numbers of chromosomes. There was a very small number of lymphomatoid tumours in which chromosome loss was marked.
Animals↗
Computer simulation of the diagnostic process in medicine.
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Computers↗
P-V characteristics in heart-pulsation affected and non-affected lung units: a model.
Elastic recoil pressure, pleural pressure and pressure pulsation of the heart (PHRT) control the expired flow from a small lung unit. Variability in each trait may affect the expirate. The same (SDPV) or different (DDPV) regional distribution of P-V characteristics, regional effects of PHRT-affected (O) and non-affected units (N) and regional differences in pleural pressure, were incorporated into a computer model. Output acceptability was judged by the alveolar slope of the N2 washout, cardiogenic oscillations (CO) and the phase shift between PHRT and CO. Can SDPV be in both O and N units? What causes CO and phase shift? With SDPV in O and N units, CO were negligibly small. The incorporation of the pleural pressure difference did not fulfill the three criteria, which were met when there was DDPV in the N and O units. We conclude that the distribution of P-V characteristics changes with the distance from a pulsating artery, and only DDPV, and not different time constants or pleural pressure difference, can explain CO.
Blood Pressure↗
Cardiovascular monitoring in the medical intensive care unit.
The need for and development of computer-based monitoring in medical intensive care are discussed. The critical care ward system at the University of Southern California's Center for the Critically Ill is described. Basic monitoring routines include measurement of heart rate; arterial, venous, and pulmonary pressures; core and peripheral temperature; and urine output. Other application programs handle cardiac output determinations, laboratory tests, narrative data entry, and process control. Data retrieval provides for tabular, textual, and graphic displays both at the bedside and in hard copy, as well as data printouts for research purposes. Computer control covers the vascular interface, automated pressure calibration, peristaltic pumps for fluid infusion and blood sampling, and urine collection and disposal. Using automated fluid challenge as a prototype, servo operations should be extended to mechanical ventilation and fluid therapy.
Blood Chemical Analysis↗