Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F Wilson.
Guinea pig lymphoid cells obtained from lymph nodes and spleens of nonimmune animals are cytotoxic for mouse L-cell fibroblasts on incubation with concanavalin A. This effect is blocked by methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. The results indicate that this effect may be due to the release of a lymphotoxin by the concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes.
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BACKGROUND: The impact of maternal employment on preventive child health practices has not been studied empirically. Using a household production model, we investigated the relationship between level of maternal employment and child immunization status, use of automobile seat belts, and use of bicycle helmets. METHODS: Data from a longitudinal study of public school children in Pinellas County, Florida, were used to draw an analytic sample of 4,153 African American and white non-Hispanic children whose mothers responded to school surveys in 1989, 1991, and 1993. Analyses of the relationship between maternal hours worked per week and preventive child health practices were performed using multiple logistic regression procedures, controlling for maternal age and education, household income, ethnicity and gender of child, and number of siblings living at home. RESULTS: No significant statistical relationships were found between maternal employment and child immunization status or use of automobile seat belts. However, maternal employment was significantly associated with bicycle helmet use, after controlling for confounders. Children of mothers who worked less than 21 h per week were 37% more likely to wear helmets compared with children of mothers who worked 21 h or more per week. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that children of full-time working mothers are not at greater risk for under-immunization or failure to use seat belts regularly, but they may be less likely to use bicycle helmets. These results support the hypothesis that employment does not affect episodic child health practices but may have some negative impact on preventive practices involving daily, repetitive activities. It also suggests that the effects of maternal employment may be greater on preventive practices that are nonnormative and occur in the absence of adult supervision.
Blood flow is not constant during the day, not only due to cardiac output variation but to the variable blood flow fraction supplied to the organs. To what extent these variations could affect the relative drug concentration between two different tissues, is the purpose of this work. In order to study that, a device was designed which took into account different fluid flows towards two flasks. Connections between flasks and pump are shown in text (figure 1). At the bottom of each flask a non-miscible liquid (dichloromethane: CH2Cl2, 100 mL, places 2 and 3) with the circulating fluid (water, 1350 mL, places 1, A, B) was placed. Malachite Green (MG) was introduced as solute into the system (place 1, 5 mL, 700 mg/L aqueous solution). The pump output was set at 1080 mL/min, serving more fluid (five times) to flask A than to flask B. Samples were drawn from compartments 1, A and B, and from organic compartments, during experiences taking several hours. MG concentrations were colorimetrically measured at 619 nm. Room temperature was between 15-25 degrees C. CH2Cl2 MG concentration ratio([2]/[3]) was similar to fluid flow ratio (sigma/(1-sigma)) all over the experience time. Other experiences changing the stop time, room temperature, CH2Cl2 volumes and places, pump output distribution, led us to different evidences that supported a theoretical model. As a conclusion, the most important feature was that whereas MG concentrations in water (1, A, B) were close, in CH2Cl2 these were very different. So, is drug effect prediction reliable by monitoring free drug concentrations in blood?
The guinea pig provides an excellent model for studying the effects of ototoxic antibiotics on the epithelium of the endolymphatic sac (ELS). Intracochlear injection of neomycin produces consistent destruction of cochlear and vestibular sensory cells, and the response to this traumatic insult can be documented by light and electron microscopy of the ELS. The histologic findings suggest that ELS epithelial cells are relatively resistant to ototoxic levels of neomycin. The study confirms the ability of the ELS to increase its activity during periods of labyrinthine stress.
Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a necrotising granulomatous disease affecting the upper and/or lower respiratory tracts and is associated with focal glomerulonephritis. Formerly believed to be a multisystem disease, a localised form (LWG) is now recognised as a distinct subtype. We describe 6 cases of LWG with no renal or pulmonary involvement detected at the presentation or during follow-up. The total follow-up period ranged from 3 to 7 years in 5 cases. The diagnosis was based on clinical features, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody test and histological findings (necrotising granulomatous vasculitis, epithelioid granulomas with varying degrees of chronic inflammatory cells). All patients responded to standard immunosuppressive treatment. Our cases highlight the predilection of LWG for the head and neck region and hence these patients frequently present in the ENT departments. LWG has been discussed as a subtype of WG with a better prognosis and the previous literature has been reviewed on this subject. A high index of suspicion helped by serology and histology enables an early diagnosis, and commencement of proper treatment can prevent the irreversible destructive lesions.
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A quality assurance programme in brachytherapy implies a general consensus on the method of dose and volume specification for reporting. This in turn implies a consensus on certain definitions of terms and concepts. For several decades, the ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements) has been actively involved in an effort to reach a consensus between different brachytherapy centres worldwide, and to improve uniformity in reporting. The ICRU has prepared two reports containing recommendations for reporting brachytherapy treatments. The first, report #38 published in 1985, deals with intracavitary therapy in gynecology. The second deals with interstitial therapy, and is now in press. A summary of these two ICRU reports is presented here. Some definitions of terms and concepts are first recalled and discussed: Total Reference Air Kerma (TRAK), gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), treated volume, mean central dose, dose uniformity parameters, etc. Specific recommendations for reporting interstitial and intracavitary brachytherapy are then presented.