Biomedical subjects

F Y Schulman

Publications and source records attributed to F Y Schulman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Canine cutaneous clear cell adnexal carcinoma: histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biologic behavior of 26 cases.

Thirty tumors including 27 distinctive cutaneous neoplasms and 3 metastatic tumors from 26 dogs were collected from diagnostic submissions to 3 laboratories. Characteristic histopathologic features included location in the subcutis or dermis (or both); lobular, nodular, and nest-like architecture; and a component of epithelioid cells with clear cytoplasm. Additional features present in most cases included follicular dermal papilla-like structures, low mitotic index, nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, and mineralization. Cytoplasmic periodic acid Schiff-positivity, which was abolished by pretreatment with diastase, indicated the presence of glycogen in all cases. The oil red O stain did not demonstrate cytoplasmic lipid. Melanin granules, accentuated by the Fontana-Masson method, were observed infrequently. A sparsely cellular mucinous stroma and stromal cartilaginous differentiation were uncommon. By immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells stained positively for cytokeratin (29 of 29), vimentin (28 of 28), S-100 protein (24 of 29), and melan A (8 of 12); results were negative for smooth muscle actin and calponin in all cases. Clinical follow-up information was obtained on all 26 dogs. One tumor recurred, 1 metastasized to a regional lymph node, and 1 metastasized to regional lymph nodes twice. In another case, possible pulmonary metastasis was noted radiographically. The findings are consistent with a poorly differentiated, low-grade, adnexal carcinoma of the skin. Similar canine cutaneous neoplasms have been reported as "clear-cell hidradenocarcinoma" and "follicular stem cell carcinoma." The authors propose the designation "cutaneous clear cell adnexal carcinoma."

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗

PubMed2005

Low-grade glial tumor with features of astroblastoma in a dog.

A 12-year-old, neutered, male Belgian Malinois/Great Dane cross dog presented with a 5-month history of weakness and lack of endurance followed by acute onset of rear limb ataxia. At autopsy, a 9 x 16 mm, multilobular, firm, white to tan, expansile mass was found in the cerebellum. Mild dilatation of the lateral ventricles was also noted. Histologically, there was a well-demarcated glial neoplasm composed of medium-sized astrocytic elements that had homogeneous cytoplasm, sometimes with globular eosinophilic inclusions, irregular peripherally located nuclei with a single nucleolus, and short cytoplasmic processes. Prominent perivascular pseudorosettes with cellular processes in contact with blood vessels were present. Some blood vessels exhibited hyalinized walls. Mitotic figures were not observed. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. These features are consistent with an astroblastoma. This is the first clinicopathologic correlation and detailed description of a low-grade glial tumor with features of astroblastoma in a dog.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Feline systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis: eight cases and literature review.

A rare, multisystemic intravascular proliferative disorder was identified postmortem in eight cats. The majority of these cats died or were euthanized following episodes of dyspnea, lethargy, and anorexia. Microscopic examination revealed occlusive, intraluminal proliferations of spindle cells within small vessels. The heart was consistently involved, and myocardial dysfunction was the probable cause of illness in all cats. Immunohistochemically, the majority of intravascular cells expressed von Willebrand factor, and a smaller number expressed smooth muscle actin, compatible with a dual population of endothelial cells and pericytes, suggesting a reactive rather than a neoplastic process. Four cases of a similar feline vascular disorder from the veterinary literature are reviewed. The histopathology resembles reactive angioendotheliomatosis in humans, a benign cutaneous intravascular endothelial and pericytic proliferative condition. However, in contrast, this feline disease is multisystemic and fatal. We propose the name "feline systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis" for this unique, idiopathic disorder of domestic cats.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Mixed germ cell tumour of the spinal cord in a young dog.

A spinal cord mixed germ cell tumour was identified in a two-year-old, female Airedale terrier with a history of progressive paraplegia. At necropsy, a discrete pale pink spinal cord mass was identified at the L5 vertebra, which extensively invaded the associated spinal cord segments L6 and L7. Histologically, the tumour was located within the subarachnoid space and invaded the spinal cord. It was composed of three different types of cells: small round cells, forming clusters or islands, similar to germ cells identified in testicular germinomas; large cells with eosinophilic or amphophilic cytoplasm, forming trabeculae; and a third, rarer type of well differentiated epithelial cells, forming acinar or tubular structures. Immunohistochemical examination revealed reactivity to antibodies against alpha-fetoprotein and broad spectrum cytokeratins. The composition, cytological features and immunohistochemical staining of this neoplasm are similar to germ cell tumours previously reported in the suprasellar region and in the eye of dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Camelid mucoutaneous fibropapillomas: clinicopathologic findings and association with papillomavirus.

Five camelid mucocutaneous fibropapillomas with histologic features similar to equine sarcoids were diagnosed. They were characterized by a dermal fibroblastic proliferation and overlying, often ulcerated hyperplastic epidermis with thin rete pegs extending down into the dermis. Two of the tumors came from llamas and three from alpacas. Four of the animals were 6-year-old females. The fifth was a 6-year-old castrated male. The fibropapillomas were located on the nose, lip, and cheeks. One of the llama tumors waxed and waned before surgery and recurred and spread after surgery. None of the other tumors recurred. All five tumors were positive for papillomavirus (PV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction testing. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR product from one of the llama fibropapillomas confirmed a unique PV. This report provides the microscopic and clinical features of fibropapillomas in camelids as well as evidence for a PV etiology.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Cutaneous fibropapilloma in a mountain lion (Felis concolor).

A 12-yr-old mountain lion (Felis concolor) developed a 0.5-cm3 raised nonpigmented and nonulcerated mass between the lip and the nasal planum. The tumor was surgically removed and diagnosed histologically as a fibropapilloma. The tumor recurred 1 yr later, at which time it was again excised, and the diagnosis was reconfirmed by biopsy. Frozen tissue from the second excision was submitted for polymerase chain reaction testing for papillomavirus. The 176-base pair polymerase chain reaction product recovered from the tumor was cloned and sequenced. The papillomavirus had 96% homology with a papillomavirus previously retrieved from a fibropapilloma in a domestic cat and is the next most closely related to bovine papillomavirus type 1. This is the first report of a virus-associated fibropapilloma in a mountain lion.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Histopathology and biologic behavior of pleomorphic cutaneous mast cell tumors in fifteen cats.

Most feline cutaneous mast cell tumors (CMCT) are behaviorally benign; however, there is a subset of these tumors with, marked pleomorphism (previously termed poorly differentiated) that have been reported to be more aggressive. In this study, pleomorphic CMCT from 15 cats were identified from surgical biopsy submissions, and follow-up clinical data were obtained for 14 of these cats. Pleomorphic CMCT were discrete dermal nodules composed of sheets of pleomorphic round cells. Tumors from all 15 cats contained markedly cytomegalic and karyomegalic cells; 9/15 tumors (60%) contained multinucleated tumor giant cells. Typical mast cell granules were easily identified in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with metachromatic stains and based on ultrastructural evaluation in cytomegalic as well as smaller tumor cells, indicating that the tumors were not poorly differentiated. The mitotic rate was very low (<1 mitosis per 10 high-power fields [hpf]) in 14 of 15 tumors (93%). Affected cats were 6-19 years old (mean age = 11.5 years), and there was no breed or sex predilection. Two cats had local recurrence. The only cat that had a pleomorphic CMCT with a high mitotic rate (1-2 mitoses/hpf) subsequently developed numerous other dermal neoplasms and was euthanatized. In this study, the large majority of feline pleomorphic CMCT were behaviorally benign. Mitotic rate is likely an important prognostic indicator of CMCT behavior.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Multiple epulides in 13 cats.

Epulides account for 0-7.8% of tumors in surveys of feline oral neoplasms. A review of the literature revealed no reports of multiple epulides in cats. Multiple, concurrent epulides were diagnosed microscopically in 13 cats. Fibromatous and ossifying epulides were diagnosed in 11 of 13 cats and fibromatous epulides were diagnosed in 2 of 13 cats. Microscopically, these epulides were nonencapsulated, well-vascularized, infiltrative, highly cellular neoplasms that expanded the gingiva and were composed of haphazardly arranged, spindle-shaped to stellate cells amid a dense, collagenous stroma. Osseous foci were a feature in the fibromatous and ossifying epulides. The mitotic rate was low and there was marked hyperplasia of the overlying gingiva with a prominent downgrowth of epithelial cords. These tumors recurred in 8 of 13 cats following surgical excision. While uncommon, multiple epulides in cats have a high incidence of recurrence but do not appear to have metastatic potential.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Feline cutaneous fibropapillomas: clinicopathologic findings and association with papillomavirus infection.

Twenty-three feline cutaneous fibropapillomas with histologic features similar to equine sarcoids were diagnosed. They were characterized by dermal fibroblastic proliferation with overlying, often ulcerated hyperplastic epidermis. Electron microscopic findings supported the fibroblastic nature of the neoplastic cells. The 23 tumors came from 20 cats and were submitted from veterinary clinics in Wisconsin and Minnesota. These tumors occurred most commonly in young cats and were found primarily on the head, neck, and digits. Fifteen of the 17 cats for which breed was reported were domestic shorthair cats. In 11/20 cases, there was confirmed exposure to cattle. Local recurrence of the tumor following surgical excision was reported in 7 of the 18 cats for which follow-up information was available. Metastasis was not documented in any of the cases. Two of the 19 tumors tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) had no amplifiable DNA. The remaining 17 were positive for papillomavirus by PCR. No papillomavirus DNA was detected in three other feline skin tumors (cutaneous mast cell tumor, malignant lymphoma, and fibrosarcoma) that served as controls. This is the first report of detection of papillomavirus in feline tumors that have clinicopathologic features similar to equine sarcoids.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Mixed germ cell tumor in the eye of a dog.

A 3-year-old female neutered Staffordshire Bull Terrier presented with a mixed germ cell tumor involving the base of the iris and the ciliary body of the right eye. The tumor mass was composed primarily of packeted vacuolated, polygonal (hepatoid) cells and small round cells; epithelial cells lining tubuloacinar structures were a less prominent component. The hepatoid and round cells stained positively for alpha-fetoprotein and cytokeratin. The epithelial cells stained positively for cytokeratin only, and some contained cytoplasmic mucin droplets. The polygonal cells were interpreted as a hepatoid variant of yolk sac tumor, and the epithelial cells were considered a teratomatous component. Trabeculae of bone were observed within the mass and may have been metaplastic or a teratomatous element. Extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare in dogs and have previously been reported only in the suprasellar region. This is the first report of this tumor type in the eye of a nonhuman species.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Subcutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis in captive tiger quolls (Dasyurus maculatus).

From July 1989 to October 1998, 9/37 (24%) adult captive tiger quolls (Dasyurus maculatus) were diagnosed with atypical mycobacterial infection involving the subcutis and skin. Females were more often affected than males (seven females, two males). Grossly, lesions presented as focal thickenings, plaques, and abscesses within the subcutis, often with fistulous tracts. The subcutis and skin overlying cervical and thoracic regions were the primary sites of infection. Cytology of subcutaneous impression smears from all nine affected tiger quolls revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation admixed with several acid-fast bacilli. Histologically, all tiger quolls had nodular to diffuse pyogranulomatous panniculitis and cellulitis. Small numbers of acid-fast bacilli were noted histologically in 7/9 (78%) animals. Skin cultures from seven tiger quolls were positive for one or more different Runyon group IV mycobacteria. The disease described in these tiger quolls is similar to subcutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis of humans and domestic animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

A subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in a cat.

A 6-year-old spayed female Domestic Shorthair cat presented with a 1 to 2-month history of blindness and altered behavior. At necropsy, a 1-cm-diameter, firm white mass was found arising from the subependymal region of the right lateral ventricular wall that protruded into and partially filled the lumen. Histologically, there was a well-demarcated, expansile paraventricular neoplasm composed of moderately pleomorphic cells within a richly fibrillar matrix arranged in interlacing streams and perivascular pseudorosette-like patterns. Neoplastic cells varied in morphology from small spindloid cells to larger polygonal cells with eccentric vesicular nuclei to neuronlike cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The mitotic index was low. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuron-specific enolase and negative for neurofilament protein. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained few to abundant bundles of intermediate filaments with variable numbers of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes. These features are characteristic of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SEGA in domestic animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Common metastatic carcinoma of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): evidence of genital origin and association with novel gammaherpesvirus.

Tissues from 10 adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus, seven females and three males) that had metastatic carcinoma in sublumbar area lymph nodes were examined histologically. A distinctive epithelial proliferative lesion interpreted as intraepithelial neoplasia was found in genital tracts of all ten animals; in vagina (5/7), cervix (7/7), uterus (3/7), penis (3/3) and prepuce (3/3). Intraepithelial neoplasia closely resembled metastatic carcinomas and was directly contiguous with invasive carcinoma in one animal. Rare eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in penile and preputial intraepithelial neoplasia (one animal), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (one animal), invasive cervical carcinoma (one animal) and metastatic carcinoma (two animals). Electron microscopic examination of tissues from two sea lions (one with intraepithelial neoplasia and one with metastatic carcinoma) demonstrated viral particles consistent with a herpesvirus. An immunohistochemical stain for the latent membrane protein of Epstein-Barr virus was positive in intraepithelial neoplasia in one sea lion. Herpesvirus DNA sequences were detected by consensus primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in metastatic carcinomas from all four sea lions from which unfixed tumor samples were available. Results of sequencing were consistent with a novel gammaherpesvirus in the genus Rhadinovirus. DNA extracted from the four metastatic carcinomas also was tested for papillomavirus by Southern blot and PCR with consensus papillomavirus primers; all samples were negative by both methods. These findings support the genital origin of the sea lion carcinoma and implicate a novel gammaherpesvirus as a possible cause.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2000

Diverticulitis with rupture and fatal peritonitis in a Sumatran orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus).

A 30-year-old male Sumatran orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) presented with signs of depression, lethargy, anorexia, and diarrhea that progressed to acute colic. Exploratory laparotomy revealed fibrinopurulent peritonitis and 50 cm of devitalized small intestine. The surgically resected small intestine contained several mucosal diverticula along the mesenteric attachment; one had ruptured, resulting in peritonitis. Fifteen days after surgery, the orangutan's abdominal incision dehisced. Repeated laparotomy revealed dehiscence of the distal intestinal anastomosis site, as well as extensive adhesions and purulent exudate. The defect was repaired, and the abdomen was extensively irrigated and closed, but the animal died within 24 hours. To our knowledge, this is the first report of diverticulitis in a great ape. Diverticulosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for great apes that present with signs of depression, lethargy, anorexia, and/or diarrhea.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Dermatitis with invasive ciliated protozoa in dolphins that died during the 1987-1988 Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin morbilliviral epizootic.

Dermatitis with intradermal cilated protozoa was identified in 18 of 95 (19%) Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that died during the 1987-1988 Atlantic-dolphin morbillivirus epizootic. The lesions were characterized by focally extensive suppurative and histiocytic dermatitis and cellulitis with ulceration and variable numbers of dermal and hypodermal ciliates. Vasculitis, thrombosis, and/or intravascular ciliates were rarely present. In one dolphin, there was an associated lymphadenitis with ciliates, and in another, bronchopneumonia with rare intrabronchiolar ciliates. Ten of the dolphins were female, and eight were male. The animals ranged in length from 148 to 260 cm. Eleven were from Virginia, four were from New Jersey, and three were from Florida. In 13 dolphins, results of immunohistochemical and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were positive for morbillivirus infection. Results of immunohistochemical tests were negative in four dolphins that were not also tested with PCR. Results were also negative in one dolphin tested using both methods. Nine dolphins had concomitant bacterial, fungal, and/or other protozoal infections. Fourteen other dolphins with ciliate-associated dermatitis were identified from 414 Atlantic bottlenose dolphin cases (3%) archived at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. The incidence of dermatitis with invasive ciliates is much greater in dolphins that died during the 1987-1988 epizootic.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a two-month-old black and white Colobus monkey.

A 2-month-old male black and white Colobus monkey (Colobus guereza kikuyuensis) was euthanatized because of progressive physical deterioration, rear limb paralysis, lymphadenopathy, and the presence of facial and retroperitoneal lumbar masses. At necropsy, soft white masses were present in and around lumbar vertebrae, the subcutis of the face, multiple lymph nodes, and the fourth ventricle of the brain. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of these masses revealed a primitive neoplasm with both neuronal and glial differentiation, consistent with a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) with bipotential differentiation. The extracranial tumors were synaptophysin (SYN)-positive, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-negative, and neurofilament protein (NFP)-negative, while the intracranial tumor was SYN-positive, GFAP-positive, and NFP-negative.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Histologic, immunohistochemical, and polymerase chain reaction studies of bottlenose dolphins from the 1987-1988 United States Atlantic coast epizootic.

Tissues from 95 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that died during the 1987-1988 US Atlantic coast epizootic and 11 bottlenose dolphins that died along the Atlantic coast prior to 1987 were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed on 36 of the epizootic and all of the pre-1987 cases. Epizootic cases had syncytia and rare intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies within lung, lymph node, and spleen. Lymphoid depletion was present in lymph node, spleen, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue of epizootic cases. Pre-1987 cases did not have these pulmonary and lymphoid lesions. A larger percentage of epizootic than pre-1987 cases had bacterial and/or fungal infections (primarily pneumonias), pulmonary and lymphoid tissue histiocytosis, mucocutaneous ulcers, and evidence of negative energy balance. Immunohistochemically, 49/95 (52%) epizootic dolphins were positive for morbilliviral antigen. Morbilliviral antigen was detected in lung, lymph node, spleen, thymus, skin, tongue, esophagus, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, oviduct, and mammary gland by immunohistochemistry. PCR testing identified morbilliviral RNA in 35/36 (97%) epizootic cases tested. Neither morbilliviral antigen nor morbilliviral RNA were detected in pre-1987 cases. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and PCR results provide strong evidence that morbillivirus infection was the primary cause of the 1987-1988 bottlenose dolphin epizootic.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Rhabdoid tumor in the brain of a dog.

Rhabdoid tumor is a neoplasm of uncertain cellular origin recognized in humans. These tumors most commonly arise in the kidneys of children, but they can also affect many extrarenal sites, including the central nervous system. Similar neoplasms have not been reported in nonprimate species. A malignant brain tumor in a young dog was characterized by large cells with globular intracytoplasmic inclusions composed of intermediate filaments. By immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were uniformly reactive for vimentin and demonstrated scattered reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase. The intermediate filaments also reacted with vimentin antibodies by immunogold electron microscopy. The findings in this case are remarkably similar to the histologic, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical features of rhabdoid tumors in humans.

Animals↗