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Biomedical subjects

F Y Wang

Publications and source records attributed to F Y Wang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Advances in distributed parameter approach to the dynamics and control of activated sludge processes for wastewater treatment.

This paper presents a review of modelling and control of biological nutrient removal (BNR)-activated sludge processes for wastewater treatment using distributed parameter models described by partial differential equations (PDE). Numerical methods for solution to the BNR-activated sludge process dynamics are reviewed and these include method of lines, global orthogonal collocation and orthogonal collocation on finite elements. Fundamental techniques and conceptual advances of the distributed parameter approach to the dynamics and control of activated sludge processes are briefly described. A critical analysis on the advantages of the distributed parameter approach over the conventional modelling strategy in this paper shows that the activated sludge process is more adequately described by the former and the method is recommended for application to the wastewater industry.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed2000

[Molecular phylogeny of Giardia lamblia based on triose phosphate isomerase (tim) gene sequence].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intraspecies phylogeny and genetic diversity of G. lamblia. METHODS: Total genomic DNA was extracted and partial fragments of tim gene were amplified by PCR. All the nucleotide sequences were analyzed by means of phylogenetic analysis, which were constructed with pasimony and N-J methods. RESULTS: A total of 124 variable sites (23% of the total sequences detected) were defined, most of which were found at the silent sites of codons. Two similar phylogenetic trees were constructed, subdividing 16 isolates into two groups. CONCLUSION: The genetic diversity of G. lamblia appear to be little affected by both the host and geography, while natural-selection might play an important role at the DNA molecular evolution level of tim gene. The tim gene may be considered to be a very useful genetic marker of the population genetic structure of G. lamblia.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Dendritic cell secretion of IL-15 is induced by recombinant huCD40LT and augments the stimulation of antigen-specific cytolytic T cells.

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells which stimulate strong proliferative and cytolytic T cell responses. Stimulation of CD40 on dendritic cells by its ligands and anti-CD40 antibodies induces maturation and enhances DC stimulatory ability. In order to understand the mechanism by which ligand:CD40 interactions augment DC function, we assessed the role of T cell stimulatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-15 in the function of DC stimulated with soluble trimeric CD40L, a recombinant fusion protein incorporating three covalently linked extracellular CD40L domains (huCD40LT). Peripheral blood derived DC treated with huCD40LT and/or IFN-gamma were used to stimulate T cell responses in vitro to specific antigens. DC treated with huCD40LT or IFN-gamma/huCD40LT stimulated enhanced T cell proliferation to CASTA, a soluble protein from C. albicans, induced T cells with augmented antigen-specific lysis, and increased the yield of antigen-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cells. IL-15 production by DC was enhanced in cultures treated with huCD40LT and correlated with expansion of antigen-specific cytolytic T cells. Addition of a neutralizing anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody inhibited the expansion of viral and tumor antigen-specific T cells stimulated by IFN-gamma and huCD40LT-treated DC. In contrast, this enhanced stimulatory ability of DC did not appear to depend on synthesis of IL-12 since huCD40LT treatment stimulated the generation of antigen-specific cytokine producing and cytolytic T cells without increased IL-12 production. Addition of anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibody did not inhibit expansion of these cells. These data suggest that production of IL-15 but not IL-12 is an important factor in the enhanced immunostimulatory ability of huCD40LT-treated DC.

Antigens↗
PubMed1999

spen encodes an RNP motif protein that interacts with Hox pathways to repress the development of head-like sclerites in the Drosophila trunk.

Drosophila has eight Hox proteins, and they require factors acting in parallel to regulate different segmental morphologies. Here we find that the Drosophila gene split ends (spen), has a homeotic mutant phenotype, and appears to encode such a parallel factor. Our results indicate that spen plays two important segment identity roles. One is to promote sclerite development in the head region, in parallel with Hox genes; the other is to cooperate with Antennapedia and teashirt to suppress head-like sclerite development in the thorax. Our results also indicate that without spen and teashirt functions, Antennapedia loses its ability to specify thoracic identity in the epidermis. spen transcripts encode extraordinarily large protein isoforms (approx. 5,500 amino acids), which are concentrated in embryonic nuclei. Both Spen protein isoforms and Spen-like proteins in other animals possess a clustered repeat of three RNP (or RRM) domains, as well as a conserved motif of 165 amino acids (SPOC domain) at their C-termini. Spen is the only known homeotic protein with RNP binding motifs, which indicates that splicing, transport, or other RNA regulatory steps are involved in the diversification of segmental morphology. Previous studies by Dickson and others (Dickson, B. J., Van Der Straten, A., Dominguez, M. and Hafen, E. (1996). Genetics 142, 163-171) identified spen as a gene that acts downstream of Raf to suppress Raf signaling in a manner similar to the ETS transcription factor Aop/Yan. This raises the intriguing possibility that the Spen RNP protein might integrate signals from both the Raf and Hox pathways.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed1998

Worm recovery and precipitin antibody response in guinea pigs and rats infected with Clonorchis sinensis.

Guinea pigs (Hartley strain) and rats (Wistar strain) were each fed 200 and 100 Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae, respectively. Five animals from each species were sacrificed weekly between 1-8 weeks postinfection (WPI) and then at 12, 16, 20 and 30 WPI for collection of worms, bile and sera. The overall worm recovery rates for guinea pigs and rats were 18.7% and 12.4%, respectively. Only one of the five rats examined at 20 WPI still harbored one worm, while all were worm-free at 30 WPI. By a double diffusion test, no antibodies were detected against C. sinensis adult antigens in the bile juice. Serum antibodies were detected in at least 95% of the infected guinea pigs between 4-30 WPI and rats between 3-16 WPI. Precipitin antibodies seemed to be correlated with the presence of live worms in rats that had been infected for more than 12 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Four isolates of Giardia lamblia cultivated axenically in China and the restriction endonuclease analysis of their DNA.

Axenic culture of 4 Giardia lamblia isolates, 3 from humans and 1 from a rabbit, have been established in China for the first time. The trophozoites of Giardia used for the initial cultivation were obtained from the purified cysts excysted in suckling gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and BALB/c mice. Modified TYI-S-33 medium was used in establishment of the culture. DNA banding patterns were compared using restriction-endonuclease analysis and then followed by Southern blot analysis with genomic DNA as a probe. The 4 isolates showed identical banding patterns after being digested with Hind III, Bgl II, Pts I, Hae III, and Hinf. Two different banding patterns were observed after further digestion with Alu I and southern blot analysis. This indicated that isolates of human and rabbit origins do not have strict host specificity and that cross transmission may occur between humans and rabbits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The effect of Chinese medicinal herb Zingiberis rhizoma extract on cytokine secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

The ethanolic extract of the Chinese medicinal herb Zingiberis rhizoma, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), was found to show biphasic effects on secretion of cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. In this study, the augmentative effect of Zingiberis rhizoma extract on cytokine secretion was shown to be time dependent. No significant secretion of cytokine was noted when the reaction time was 1 or 3 h. Secretion of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by the mononuclear cells was markedly increased in the presence of a low concentration of Zingiberis rhizoma extract, varying from 10-30 mg/ml, when the reaction time was 18 or 24 h. A higher concentration of the herbal extract did not show similar or stronger augmentative effect as did low concentration of the herbal extract.

Cytokines↗
PubMed1995

The effect of Evodia rutaecarpa extract on cytokine secretion by human mononuclear cells in vitro.

The effect of Evodia rutaecarpa extract on cytokine secretion by human mononuclear cells in vitro was investigated. Evodia rutaecarpa extract of various concentrations in mononuclear cell culture medium showed biphasic effects on the secretion of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by the mononuclear cells. Generally speaking, a low to medium level of Evodia rutaecarpa extract, in concentrations ranging from 10% to 30%, showed significant stimulating effects on the secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF. On the other hand, high level of Evodia rutaecarpa extract, with concentration more than 40%, lost its stimulating effects. Moreover, reaction time affected the stimulating effects of Evodia rutaecarpa extract on cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cell culture medium containing Evodia rutaecarpa extract that was allowed to react for 18 or 24 hours showed significantly better stimulating effects than that reacted for 1 or 3 hours.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1991

Prenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis by continuous, monodimensional electrophoresis of amniotic fluid glycosaminoglycans.

A continuous dimensional electrophoretic method was used in 15 urine samples of clinically diagnosed mucopolysaccharidoses I or IV. Twelve of the 15 were glycosaminoglycans band positive. Of the 12 one was KS band positive but methyl toluidine blue test was negative. The other 11 were positive with both methods. Prenatal diagnosis was done in 10 cases during their next pregnancy with the same method on the amniotic fluid. Two affected fetuses were diagnosed and proved, one after induced abortion and the other after full-term delivery.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis by immunoenzymatic staining technique (IEST) with frozen sections of Cysticercus cellulosae].

This article deals with the sensitivity and specificity of IEST in neurocysticercosis with frozen sections of Cysticerus cellulosae as antigens. 55 out of 56 cases (98.2%) of neurocysticercosis showed positive reaction. All serum specimens from healthy human controls (50 cases), clonorchiasis (23 cases) and paragonimiasis (26 cases) were negative, but 18% (4/22) of serum specimens from echinococcosis revealed positive reactions. The results indicate that IEST is specific, sensitive, economical and easy to perform for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Study on BcII/St14 RFLPs in Chinese for DNA diagnosis for hemophilia A.

The BcII polymorphism within DXS52 (St14) was reported. It was composed of 4 allelic fragments, 4.0 kb, 3.3 kb, 3.0 kb and 2.3 kb. The frequency of these fragment were 0.09, 0.12, 0.44 and 0.35 respectively in the Chinese. The polymorphism provided the PIC of 0.66. DNA analysis of families with hemophilia A showed that the confidence of the RFLPs was the same as the TaqI/St14 RFLPs and for carrier detection the former is much better than that of the TaqI/St14 RFLPs.

China↗
PubMed1990

[Soluble protein and esterase isozyme analysis of adult female Anopheles stephensi after Plasmodium yoelii yoelii-infected blood meal].

In this paper, the system of Anopheles stephensi and Plasmodium yoelii yoelii was used as animal model. The soluble protein and esterase isozymes of adult female mosquitoes at various times after taking noninfected and plasmodia-infected blood meal were investigated. The result shows that the amount of soluble protein in plasmodia-infected mosquitoes was lower than that in noninfected ones (P less than 0.01); the activity and electrophoretic patterns of EST in infected mosquitoes being also different from those of the noninfected ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The RFLPs of St14/Taq I in Chinese and its application to gene analysis and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A].

The genomic DNA fragment St14 (DXS52) is located in q28 region of X chromosome that also contains the hemophilia A locus. The RFLPs of St14/Taq I in Chinese were studied. The frequency of allele 7A (3.6 kb) is 31%, which is obviously different from the data reported abroad. By use of the RFLPs, 8 families with hemophilia A were analysed, including 1 case for first trimester prenatal diagnosis at risk of hemophilia A.

Asian People↗
PubMed1989

[Chlorination of piped water supplies in large cities of China].

151 tap waters in 140 Chinese larger cities were investigated. In North China, under-ground waters were 47 out of 69; in South China, surface waters were 74 out of 82. Disinfection with liquid chlorine was the main treatment process (about 125 tap waters). In general, pollution of the raw waters in the South were higher than that in the North; in the surface waters were higher than that in the under-ground waters. It was the same with the amount of chlorine demand during chlorination. The average amount of chlorine added into the tap waters was 2.12mg/L, their average demand of chlorine was 1.43mg/L, and the average amount of residual chlorine was 0.68mg/L. The amount of chlorine demand during chlorination of the tap waters was markedly affected by the amount of NH+4(N), NO2- (N) or chemical oxygen demand in them, but not affected by the microorganisms in them. No sample of the tap waters contained more than 3/L coliform groups and 100/L bacterial total counts, when their residual chlorine was higher than 0.3mg/L.

Chlorine↗