Biomedical subjects

F Y Wong

Publications and source records attributed to F Y Wong.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Substance use and HIV risks among male heterosexual and 'money boy' migrants in Shanghai, China.

There is a growing awareness that internal migration in China might shift the HIV epidemic by broadening the social and sexual mixing of its population. However, little is known about how drug use/abuse might contribute to the spread of HIV. This qualitative study aims to elucidate factors for preventing substance abuse and HIV among two types of male migrants living in the Shanghai metropolitan area; the general migrant population and so-called 'money boys' (those who engaged in same-sex activities for money). Compared to most male migrants, the 'money boys' had a slightly better economic situation; rarely visited their hometowns; used alcohol less but drugs more; had more knowledge about HIV and sexually transmitted diseases; higher HIV/ STD testing rates and fewer HIV risk behaviors. The general male migrants had more misconceptions about HIV (e.g. the need to pay for HIV testing) than the 'money boys'. However, it was noted that 'money boys' who were new to the enterprise and men who have sex with men but did not engage in commercial sex often lacked HIV knowledge and protective skills. Given the needs of various sub-types of 'migrants', differential approaches to HIV prevention are needed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Hemodynamic disturbances associated with endovascular embolization in newborn infants with vein of Galen malformation.

OBJECTIVE: To examine hemodynamic changes following endovascular embolization in newborn infants with vein of Galen malformation and severe cardiac failure in the first week of life. STUDY DESIGN: Over a recent 5-year period, nine such infants were identified. In seven of these infants, changes in arterial blood pressure were analyzed in relation to the timing of embolization procedures. RESULTS: A significant increase in arterial blood pressure was noted after most embolizations. In two infants, this systemic hypertension was severe and treated using intravenous antihypertensive drugs. Both infants subsequently developed complete infarction of both cerebral hemispheres with sparing of the brainstem and cerebellum. Mortality in the nine infants was 33%, and 83% of the survivors were neurologically normal or near normal at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The systemic hypertension observed following endovascular embolizations may provide a protective mechanism to maintain cerebral blood flow after reperfusion injury. Lowering blood pressure in this situation may therefore be detrimental.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗

PubMed2001

A content analysis of hiv/aids information in psychology textbooks: implications for education, training, and practice.

Early in the pandemic, psychologists who engaged in HIV/AIDS research and practice or care relied more on their "general" psychological knowledge and training than on HIV/AIDS-specific information or training for combating the disease. In the past two decades much has been gained from the contributions of psychologists working in the areas of HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention. However, little is known regarding how the discipline prepares its students for a career in HIV/AIDS research and practice/care. One important venue for educating future psychologists is college-level textbooks because they are often the students' gateway to the scientific literature in psychology. Therefore, presentation of adequate and accurate information in these texts is critical. The present study involved a review and content analysis of introductory, clinical/counseling, health, human sexuality, and social/community psychology textbooks. It revealed that some level of information regarding HIV/AIDS was found in the majority of most college-level psychology texts that were reviewed. However, many books do not present a comprehensive overview or review of this problem, and do not adequately address the role psychology and behavior change can play in abating it. Implications for education, training, and practices are discussed.

Curriculum↗

PubMed2000

Hong Kong patients' experiences of intensive care after surgery: nurses' and patients' views.

This study was designed to explore the lived experience of patients after elective surgery when they were being cared for in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in the immediate post-operative period. A phenomenological approach using unstructured interviews was employed and 10 ICU nurses and 10 patients were recruited for the study. Thematic data analysis was used. Most of the nurses believed that patients had memories of their ICU stay. Two clear categories emerged from the nurses' responses: 'perceptions of the feelings experienced by the patients' and 'perceptions of what patients experienced as support'. The nurses expressed that patients had feelings related to anxiety, pain and tiredness and they were frightened by the environment and the unknown. The nurses provided support to the patients by pre-operative visits, continuous and repeated explanation, encouraging family visits and ensuring adequate pain relief and sleep. All the patients could remember at least some of what happened during their stay in ICU. The 2 main categories which emerged from patients' responses were 'feelings experienced' and 'needs during the stay'. The patients recalled the feeling of anxiety about the reason for admission and a feeling of being safe in ICU. Six patients suffered from moderate to severe pain during movement and procedures and 2 patients complained of sleeping problems. They appreciated the preoperative visit and preferred the open unit design and flexible visiting hours. The four sub-categories: pain, sleep, pre-operative visits and family visits are discussed in detail and are reviewed in the light of other studies to compare the results. Ideas for nursing interventions to help overcome these problems are outlined and recommendations for future research are presented.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Gender-related factors influencing perceptions of homosexuality.

There is a long history linking gender role conformity to perceived homosexuality. However, the lack of a systematic theoretical model hinders the elucidation of the interrelationships among gender stereotypes, conformity to gender stereotypes, and perceived homosexuality, as well as other factors which may mediate these relationships. The purpose of the present study was to propose such a model by combining theories of gender stereotype formation and maintenance with research investigating perceptions of homosexuality. Specifically, this study examined college students' perceptions of gender role characteristics in male and female adult target persons and these students' perceptions of the likelihood that the targets were homosexual. Path analysis demonstrated that the sex and occupation of the target person were significantly related to perceived masculinity, femininity, and homosexuality of the target person. Furthermore, individual differences in these relationships were observed, indicating that the sex and gender role characteristics of the participant influenced perceptions of the gender role attributes and homosexuality of the target person.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Demand characteristics of the research setting can influence indexes of negative affect-induced eating in obese individuals.

Measures of negative affect-induced eating (NAIE) are common in clinical research with obese individuals. However, previous studies suggest that measures of NAIE can be induced by social desirability tendencies or demand characteristics of the research setting. Using an experimental design, the present study tested the effects of demand characteristics of the research setting on self-report and behavioral indexes of NAIE. Obese and nonobese subjects (n=107) were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. Experimental subjects received a lecture indicating an association between emotional eating and obesity; control subjects received no information. Outcome measures were indexes of NAIE from a questionnaire, food diaries, and food intake during a laboratory "taste test." We hypothesized that the association between relative body mass and NAIE would be stronger among subjects receiving the lecture manipulation than control subjects. Results indicated that NAIE indexes, particularly from food diaries, were influenced modestly by research demand characteristics. We conclude that demand characteristics of the research setting can affect indexes of NAIE among obese persons.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among Asian and Pacific Islander Americans.

As of June 1997 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 4,370 AIDS cases among Asian and Pacific Islander Americans (APIs) in the U.S. It also reported that the rate of new AIDS cases among APIs men who have sex with men (MSM) per 100,000 population increased by 55% from 1989 (4.0) to 1995 (6.2). Focusing on the relatively low numbers of APIs with AIDS in the U.S. has resulted in complacency among API communities and government officials, despite reports of increased seroprevalence and exponential growth in diagnosed AIDS cases. However, because of the geographic and social isolation of many Asian and Pacific Islander American communities, the effect of HIV is magnified once it takes hold. The low numbers of reported AIDS cases among API and the perception of them as the "model minority" has reinforced their denial of AIDS as a threat. Data collection and surveillance tools must be modified to accurately capture the range of HIV-related and social issues that affect Asian/Pacific Islander communities in the United States. Notwithstanding sample limitations, ethnic-specific data are needed to identify HIV trends in each of the Asian Pacific Islander American communities, which can inform prevention and intervention programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1998

HIV seroprevalence, risk behaviors, and cognitive factors among Asian and Pacific Islander American men who have sex with men: a summary and critique of empirical studies and methodological issues.

The goals of this article are to (a) summarize and discuss published empirical studies addressing HIV seroprevalence rates and HIV-related behaviors and cognitive factors among Asian and Pacific Islander American (API) men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, (b) examine existing population-based research methodologies for studying HIV and AIDS prevention, (c) describe a conceptual framework to facilitate the identification of ecologically sound or culturally appropriate and competent methodologies for studying HIV prevention among API MSM, and (d) discuss methodological issues and recommend alternative methodologies to better understand this population in HIV prevention. A total of eight published empirical studies reported the HIV seroprevalence rates, HIV-risk behaviors, and attitudes toward HIV and AIDS among API MSM. Specifically, seven studies reported HIV seroprevalence rates that were based on either self-disclosure of HIV status or HIV test results among the study participants. Four studies also reported findings about the relationships between HIV-related behaviors and cognitive factors. There are five population-based databases on HIV and AIDS epidemiology and surveillance which have been managed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Findings from the seven studies indicate that API MSM are as likely to engage in HIV-risk behaviors as other groups. The present analysis reveals that conventional surveillance or epidemiological techniques (e.g., random digit telephone dialing), based on a singular model of populations, are not appropriate to address culturally, linguistically and racially/ethnically diverse groups of API MSM. To address the diversity of this group, ecologically sound or culturally appropriate and competent research methodologies are needed. Thus, a conceptual framework for such methodologies with examples was reviewed. Two alternative methodologies, network analysis and venue-based sampling, were briefly discussed.

Asian↗

PubMed1998

A profile of six community-based HIV prevention programs targeting Asian and Pacific Islander Americans.

Based on a framework (i.e., research and evaluation, prevention and services, and advocacy and policy), the goal of this article is to profile six community-based HIV prevention programs targeting Asian and Pacific Islander (API) Americans, especially among men who have sex with men. These six programs were chosen based on one or more of the following three criteria: (a) epidemiological profiles of AIDS cases among Asian and Pacific Islander Americans, (b) ethnic diversity, and (b) community development among Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in the fight against HIV. The six programs are (a) the Kokua Kalih Valley Health Center, Honolulu; (b) the Asian and Pacific Islander Wellness Center, San Francisco; (c) the Asian Pacific AIDS Intervention Team, Los Angeles; (d) the Asian and Pacific Islander Coalition on HIV and AIDS, New York City; (e) the AIDS Services in Asian Communities, Philadelphia; and (f) the Massachusetts Asian AIDS Prevention Project, Boston. The present analysis reveals that five programs have their roots in the gay or bisexual communities. Two programs have existed for about 3 years (the epidemic is going into its 17th year). Major financial support for the six programs are federal, state, or county sources; private support is generally minimal. All six programs offer a wide range of culturally competent and linguistically appropriate prevention activities and services (including two national projects) targeting a diverse API population. However, gaps in services exist in the younger programs. In addition to a paucity of epidemiological, surveillance, and empirical data, most reported that barriers fall into one or two interrelated categories: (a) structural (e.g., lack of governmental or private funding) or (b) cultural (e.g., denial of risk, homophobia, fear of confidentiality). These findings suggest that HIV prevention activities and services for Asian and Pacific Islander Americans should be based on empirical and cultural data, and that API Americans should become more actively involved in social and political activities. Asian and Pacific Islander American agencies are challenged to integrate HIV with other health and social issues pertinent to the communities.

Asian↗

PubMed1997

Management of infected defect nonunion of the metacarpals.

A 30-year-old man sustained a displaced closed fracture of the fourth metacarpal bone, which was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires. Severe postoperative infection led to a segmental defect with shortening of the fourth metacarpal bone and infected defect nonunion of the fifth metacarpal bone. After serial debridements and intravenous antibiotics, the infection was controlled. An AO external minifixator was applied to restore the length of the fourth metacarpal bone and to stabilize the fourth and fifth metacarpals, and iliac bone grafting was performed, leading to complete healing and restoration of normal hand function.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Sliding osteotomy of the greater trochanter.

Trochanteric osteotomy is commonly used to facilitate surgical exposure in difficult cases of total hip arthroplasty or acetabular fracture fixation. In this paper, we report our experiences using the sliding trochanteric osteotomy performed in 3 patients for acetabular fracture fixation and in 2 patients with total hip arthroplasty. Using the sliding trochanteric osteotomy technique facilitates improved exposure, reduction, and internal fixation of acetabular fractures, especially those involving the dome and the posterior wall. Sliding osteotomy of the trochanter also permits trochanteric advancement when the abductors are weak or the prosthesis is unstable during total hip arthroplasty. No significant complications occurred from this technique, and the postoperative clinical course was satisfactory in all patients.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed1996

External rotation views in the diagnosis of posterior colliculus fracture of the medial malleolus.

A 25-year-old white man sustained a fracture dislocation of the right ankle with a displaced fracture of the lateral malleolus while playing basketball. He also sustained a fracture of the medial aspect of the distal tibia, in addition to an apparent deltoid ligament injury. The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the lateral malleolus and insertion of a syndesmotic screw. Intraoperatively, external rotation radiographs of the ankle were obtained to determine the origin of the fracture of the medial side of the ankle joint. The radiographs clearly showed a minimally displaced fracture of the posterior colliculus. Posterior colliculus fracture can be occult. This fracture may not be clearly visible on plain antero-posterior or mortise-view radiographs and external rotation is necessary for its diagnosis. This fracture is usually minimally displaced and can be satisfactorily treated conservatively. The patient's leg was placed in a short-leg cast for 6 weeks. Follow-up radiographs revealed healing of the fracture.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Percutaneous pinning of the proximal humerus.

Percutaneous pinning, which has been recommended for unstable, unimpacted two-part fractures of the proximal humerus, requires satisfactory closed reduction and maintenance of reduction with minimum arm movement. Most surgeons usually keep the image intensifier in the anteroposterior (AP) plane and rotate the arm to obtain a second view. This arm movement may render closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation difficult. A four-step technique that facilitates closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of unstable fractures of the proximal humerus and permits adequate visualization of the proximal humerus in both the AP and axillary planes is presented.

Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary↗

PubMed1995

Morphometric evaluation of the first sacral vertebra and the projection of its pedicle on the posterior aspect of the sacrum.

STUDY DESIGN: This study directly measured the dimensions of the first sacral vertebra based on dry bony specimens. OBJECTIVES: To measure the dimensions of the S1 pedicle, vertebral body, and spinal canal, and determine the projections of the S1 pedicle on the posterior aspect of the sacrum. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Sacral screw fixation remains a challenging clinical problem because of the unique anatomy of the first sacral vertebra. The anatomic data of S1 have rarely been described in the literature. METHODS: Sacrums from 50 carefully prepared bony spines were used. Linear measurements included the dimensions of the vertebral body, spinal canal, and pedicle. Pedicle width was measured in two segments, pedicle zones 1 and 2. Angular measurements of the pedicle relative to the sagittal plane were also included. RESULTS: In pedicle zone 1, the average medial angle of the pedicles was 10.2 degrees for men and 10.7 degrees for women, average width was 10.9 mm for men and 10.4 mm for women, average length of the pedicles was 34.6 mm for men and 34.9 mm for women. In pedicle zone 2, the average medial angle of the pedicles was 39.4 degrees for both men and women, average width was 15.6 mm for men and 14.7 mm for women, average length of the pedicles was 43.7 mm for men, and 41.7 mm for women. The projections of pedicle zones 1 and 2 on the posterior aspect of S1 were determined. CONCLUSIONS: The investigators proposed the concept of pedicle zones 1 and 2. The safer area for S1 pedicle screw insertion was found in pedicle zone 2.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

An epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the Australian environment based on rRNA gene polymorphisms.

Since 1977, Vibrio cholerae O1 has been isolated from the Australian aquatic environment and periodically cholera cases have occurred following exposure to these environments. To study the relationships between clinical isolates and environmental isolates from rivers and aquatic life, widely distributed throughout the country, a wide range of molecular typing methods were employed. In this paper we report the analysis of the 180 Australian isolates (10 clinical and 170 environmental) using ribotyping. Seven ribotype patterns were observed among the Australian inaba isolates, 2 of which included all clinical inaba isolates and 84% environmental inaba isolates collected from 9 rivers and creeks in eastern Australia during an 8-year period. Isolates from epidemiologically related clinical cases, asymptomatic household contacts and sewage were indistinguishable. The ogawa isolates were more diverse, with 9 ribotypes observed among 24 isolates from 8 rivers during the same period. Ribotype patterns were not shared between the serotypes with the exception of one ogawa isolate which could be distinguished using PFGE. Ribotyping has been useful in confirming an association between epidemiologically related clinical isolates and the aquatic environment and the persistence of several clones of the O1 serovar in the Australian environment during an 8-year period.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Posteromedial process fractures of the talus.

In this report, we present the diagnosis and clinical outcome of four patients with fractures of the posteromedial process of the talus. In two patients, the posteromedial process fracture was missed initially, which led to painful nonunions. One patient was treated with excision of a nonunion, and the other patient with a nonunion refused further surgery. Two patients underwent ORIF through a posteromedial approach. CT scans were useful in defining the fracture in all four patients. Cast treatment was recommended for displaced fractures or fractures without significant subtalar joint involvement. ORIF was recommended for displaced fractures with significant subtalar joint involvement.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Simultaneous fracture of the ankle and talus associated with ruptured tibialis posterior tendon.

A 45-year-old woman involved in a motor vehicle accident sustained a fracture of the medial malleolus and a fracture of the neck of the talus. Open reduction and internal fixation of the fractures were achieved through an anteromedial approach. Intraoperatively, the tibialis posterior tendon was found to be ruptured and retracted. The tendon was reapproximated and repaired. The patient developed an inversion deformity of the ankle, which required release of the tibialis posterior tendon and correction of the deformity using the Ilizarov fixation device. Twelve months after the injury, the patient had 45 degrees of plantar flexion and 15 degrees of dorsiflexion of the ankle; subtalar motion was 25 degrees of eversion and 35 degrees of inversion. Radiographs showed healing of all fractures with minimal degenerative changes of the ankle joint and absence of avascular necrosis of the talus.

Ankle Injuries↗

PubMed1995

Treatment of unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures associated with spinal fractures. A treatment dilemma.

Treatment approaches to a patient with polytrauma comprising combined spinal and hip fractures need more careful planning than those for a patient with an isolated spinal or hip fracture. The patient in this case presentation had multiple burst fractures of the spine, but was neurologically intact. The spinal injuries were treated conservatively. The patient also had concomitant unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the hip, which were treated surgically. The presence of a thoracic or lumbar fracture, in addition to a hip or femur fracture, may require an altered therapeutic approach. We present an approach to treating this complex problem without the use of a fracture table.

Fracture Healing↗