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F Yackovich

Publications and source records attributed to F Yackovich.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

Washing with contaminated bar soap is unlikely to transfer bacteria.

Recent reports of the isolation of microorganisms from used soap bars have raised the concern that bacteria may be transferred from contaminated soap bars during handwashing. Since only one study addressing this question has been published, we developed an additional procedure to test this concern. In our new method prewashed and softened commercial deodorant soap bars (0.8% triclocarban) not active against Gram-negative bacteria were inoculated with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to give mean total survival levels of 4.4 X 10(5) c.f.u. per bar which was 70-fold higher than those reported on used soap bars. Sixteen panelists were instructed to wash with the inoculated bars using their normal handwashing procedure. After washing, none of the 16 panelists had detectable levels of either test bacterium on their hands. Thus, the results obtained using our new method were in complete agreement with those obtained with the previously published method even though the two methods differ in a number of procedural aspects. These findings, along with other published reports, show that little hazard exists in routine handwashing with previously used soap bars and support the frequent use of soap and water for handwashing to prevent the spread of disease.

Adult↗

Prediction of the eye irritation potential of shampoos using the in vitro SIRC cell toxicity test.

Shampoos predicted to vary over a wide range in their potential to cause eye irritancy were tested in SIRC rabbit corneal cells for cytotoxicity. Six shampoos at at least ten different concentrations were added to culture dishes containing the SIRC cells and were administered at a dose of 0.01 ml directly to the corneal surface of the albino rabbit eye. When the shampoos were ranked both according to their relative toxicities in vitro and according to their relative irritancies in the modified Draize test the resulting rank orders were in perfect agreement. The results demonstrate that the SIRC cell line is a suitable model system for screening shampoos of differing surfactant compositions without the need to use live animals. Further, results obtained from the SIRC cell assay should aid in the selection of final product formulations for in vivo testing as part of the pre-market clearance process.

Animals↗

Evaluation of an in vitro cell toxicity test using rabbit corneal cells to predict the eye irritation potential of surfactants.

Surfactants reported to be severely, moderately or non-irritating to the eyes of albino rabbits were tested for cell toxicity in vitro using an established line of rabbit corneal cells. Test substances at different concentrations were added to culture dishes containing the rabbit corneal cells or were administered at a dose of 0.01 ml directly to the corneal surface of albino rabbits. A significant rank correlation (r = 0.90, P less than 0.01) was seen between the relative toxicity produced in vitro and the relative eye irritation produced in the modified Draize test. The in vitro method offers a means for screening potentially irritating chemicals without using live animals and may be useful in the selection of product formulations for in vivo testing.

Animals↗