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Biomedical subjects

F de Jonghe

Publications and source records attributed to F de Jonghe.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Safety of antidepressants.

There are a number of criteria that can be used when selecting an antidepressant. In particular safety criteria are important, and a distinction can be drawn between "safe" and "less safe" antidepressants. The relative safety of different antidepressants has been assessed by looking at answers to the questions: how safe is the drug in overdose; how dangerous are its side effects at therapeutic dose; and does it have any dangerous interactions with other drugs or substances? Based on current data it can be said with reasonable confidence that fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine and moclobemide are "safe" antidepressants, and mianserin and trazodone are also "safe" but to a lesser extent (mainly because of hypnosedation). In conclusion, "safe" antidepressants should be considered as the first choice in the treatment of depression.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1992

The role of support in psychoanalysis.

A two-factor theory of clinical psychoanalysis is proposed. In accordance with the predominant position of the structural-adaptational ("classical") approach in psychoanalytic theory, the power of interpretation and insight in clinical psychoanalysis has received ample attention in psychoanalytic literature. There seems, however, to be a growing awareness among analysts that not all the facts of an analytic treatment can be accounted for by this approach alone. A second factor is increasingly recognized: the power of adequate support provided by the analyst and resulting in a specific experience by the analysand. In the application of the developmental ("postclassical") approach of psychoanalytic theory, the importance of this support-experience factor in the treatment of ordinary neurosis by means of ordinary psychoanalysis is emphasized. The relative neglect of this aspect of clinical psychoanalysis may be indicative of the present-day dilemma of how to translate advances in theoretical knowledge of mental development into the therapeutic praxis of psychoanalysis. There may, however, be another important reason. Support and experience are phenomena often occurring on the nonverbal level. In contrast to interpretation and insight, they are usually not voiced, let alone distinctly and loudly expressed. They are the silent power of psychoanalysis.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Art imitates life: Déjà vu experiences in prose and poetry.

the déjà vu experience is a subjective phenomenon that has been described in many novels and poems. Here we review over 20 literary descriptions. These accounts are consistent with the data obtained from psychiatric literature, including various phenomenological, aetiological and psychopathogenetic aspects of the déjà vu experience. The explanations, explicitly formulated by creative authors, include reincarnation, dreams, organic factors and unconscious memories. Not infrequently, an association with defence or organic factors is demonstrable on the basis of psychoanalytic or clinical psychiatric interpretation. The authors recommend that psychiatrists be encouraged to overstep the limits of psychiatric literature and read prose and poetry as well.

Deja Vu↗
PubMed1992

Déjà vu experiences and reduplicative paramnesia.

A schizophrenic patient with different forms of experiences of inappropriate familiarity is described. The authors discuss traumatic experiences as aetiological factors in déjà vu experiences and reduplicative paramnesia. Finally, the differential diagnostic problem in psychotic and dissociative phenomena is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The safety of antidepressants.

In this article, a distinction is proposed between safe and less safe antidepressants. The safety of 18 antidepressants is discussed in relation to 3 principal issues: the safety of the drug in the event of an overdose; the seriousness of its side effects; and the existence of dangerous interactions. On the basis of present information, it can be said with reasonable confidence that fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and paroxetine are safe antidepressants, and with some reservation (mainly because of hypnosedation) the same can be said of mianserin and trazodone.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1991

Randomized double-blind study of fluvoxamine and maprotiline in treatment of depression.

In a six-week double-blind randomized trial, preceded by a one-week period of single-blind placebo treatment, the efficacy and the side-effects of fluvoxamine (100-300 mg/d) (n = 24) and maprotiline (50-150 mg/d) (n = 24) were compared in moderately depressed outpatients with DSM-III Major Depression (n = 22) or Dysthymic Disorder (n = 26). Efficacy was measured by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Zung Depression Selfrating Scale, and a Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale. Side-effects were evaluated by an Adverse Event Inventory and a Psychosomatic Symptom Scale. A statistically significant improvement was achieved in both treatment groups but success rates were modest: in both groups, 29% of the patients achieved a clinically significant improvement after six weeks of treatment. After six weeks of treatment, no difference in efficacy was found between fluvoxamine and maprotiline. Nausea was the most common complaint in the fluvoxamine group, while in the maprotiline group, it was dry mouth and constipation. One maprotiline-treated patient developed a convulsive attack.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A randomized, double-blind study of fluoxetine and maprotiline in the treatment of major depression.

In a six-week double-blind randomized trial, preceded by a one-week single-blind placebo treatment, the efficacy and the side-effects of fluoxetine (40-80 mg/d) (n = 30) and maprotiline (50-150 mg/d) (n = 35) were compared in hospitalized patients with DSM-III Major Depression without psychotic features. Efficacy was measured by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Raskin Depression Scale, the Covi Anxiety Scale, and a Clinical Global Impression. Side-effects were evaluated by an Adverse Events Scale. A statistically significant improvement was achieved in both treatment groups but success rates were modest. No differences in efficacy were found between the two groups. In addition, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups either in frequency or in severity of adverse events. In fact, the only statistically significant difference found was in weight change: weight loss in the fluoxetine group and weight gain in the maprotiline group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A comparative study of suriclone, lorazepam and placebo in anxiety disorder.

In a four-week double-blind randomized trial preceded by a one-week single-blind placebo treatment, the efficacy and the side-effects of suriclone (1.50-2.25 mg/d) (n = 24), lorazepam (5.0-7.5 mg/d) (n = 19) and placebo (n = 21) were compared in 64 outpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (n = 56) or panic disorder (n = 8). Efficacy was measured weekly by means of a global clinical impression scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale and a target symptom scale. Side-effects were evaluated weekly by an adverse events scale, which recorded the spontaneous complaints and the complaints elicited by an extensive somatic inventory questionnaire. The three groups showed a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement early on in the treatment: this improvement was maintained during the remaining period. Early on in the treatment there was some indication of a better response, but also of more side-effects, in the suriclone and the lorazepam groups. After four weeks of treatment no difference was found between the three groups either in efficacy or in side-effects. The effect size achieved in the placebo group was not inferior to that of benzodiazepines in general.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Life events and social network in relation to the onset of depression. A controlled study.

In this article we present the results of a study on the role of life events and social network in the onset of depression. We compared 24 new outpatients with major depression or a dysthymic disorder with 24 healthy matched controls. The patient group was interviewed about the year before the onset of depression; the control group about the year preceding the interview. The results show a significant difference between the 2 groups in occurrence of life events and quality of social network.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

An elaborate description of the symptomatology of patients with Research Diagnostic Criteria endogenous depression.

The symptomatology of 46 patients with an established diagnosis of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) endogenous depression was described by means of a 46-item symptom checklist, the Amsterdam Depression List (ADL), second version. Thirty symptoms were identified as common or very common symptoms of RDC endogenous depression. Among these common or very common symptoms only eight were RDC endogenous symptoms, and two of these were obligatory inclusion criteria. The ADL revealed 22 nonendogenous symptoms (according to RDC) to be common or very common symptoms of patients with RDC endogenous depression. The core symptoms, depressed mood and loss of pleasure, appeared to be weakly correlated with each other. Of the remaining 28 common or very common symptoms, 12 correlated significantly with at least one of the core symptoms and 16 did not. Dexamethasone suppression test suppressors and nonsuppressors did not differ, either in symptomatology or in severity of the syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Flurazepam and temazepam in the treatment of insomnia in a general hospital population.

This study is a double-blind comparative trial of flurazepam and temazepam in the treatment of insomnia, using subjective assessments with an analogue scale technique and questionnaire. The main dependent variable in this experiment is vigilance. The two drugs differ essentially in their half life value. (Flurazepam +/- 72 h; temazepam +/- 8 h). It can be predicted that temazepam causes less impairment of vigilance than flurazepam, and that the difference between the two drugs is more pronounced when the number of days the drugs are taken consecutively, increases. In statistical terms an interaction effect between drugs and days should be expected. The results show no effect at all, neither the predicted interaction effect, nor any main effect. If there is a difference in efficiency reduction between patients, the assessment methods used were unable to measure it. These findings warn against a possible overestimation of clinical relevance of the plasma elimination half-life of benzodiazepines.

Adult↗