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F de La Rocque

Publications and source records attributed to F de La Rocque.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Management of intussusception in France in 2004: investigation of the Paediatric Infectious Diseases Group, the French Group of Paediatric Emergency and Reanimation, and the French Society of Paediatric Surgery].

OBJECTIVES: To describe the different pathways of management of intussusception (IS) in infants and children in metropolitan France and to identify paediatric emergency centres that might constitute a surveillance network for IS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 273 paediatric emergency centres distributed across France in 2005. Modalities of diagnosis and treatment of IS had to be precised. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-seven centres (61.2%) responded. The response was given by 131 paediatricians (78.4%) and 36 surgeons (21.6%) working in 38 universitary hospitals (22.7%) and 129 general hospitals (77.2%). The mean number of IS treated in each centre in 2004 was 11+/-13.5 (extr. 0 to 70; median 6). Diagnosis of IS required a collaboration between medical and surgical teams in 51.5% of the centres, but in 40.1% the sole medical team was in charge of the diagnosis. Ultrasonography is used for diagnosis by 98.8% of the centres. Reduction with hydrostatic enema and eventually surgery was performed in the same hospital in 44.3%. Other centres systematically or frequently transferred the patients for reduction, mostly towards universitary hospitals (90%). CONCLUSION: The procedures of IS diagnosis are the same everywhere in France but the pathways of therapeutic management do vary, depending on the availability of surgeons and anaesthetists trained in paediatrics on each site. These disparities will probably change with the implementation of the new plan for sanitary organization in children and adolescents in France. Labellized paediatric emergency centres will gather more surgical patients and could eventually constitute an effective surveillance network for IS.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

[Impact of CRP rapid test in management of febrile children in paediatric emergency units of Ile-de-France].

OBJECTIVE: Fever is a common cause of children visits to emergency units. Clinical evaluation does not always eliminate a bacterial infection. Among blood markers, several publications showed the interest of CRP. This study was undertaken to evaluate correlation between two techniques of CRP, one by usual technique at the laboratory and the other by a rapid test, and to evaluate the impact of this rapid test for febrile children at the emergency room, when a hospitalization was not immediately decided. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was undertaken in 2004-2005 in eight emergency paediatric units in Ile-de-France concerning febrile children during two periods. In period A, children had at the same time a CRP dosage through two methods, whereas in period B, only a rapid CRP test was first managed. The test used was NycoCard CRP Single test (Progen Biotechnique). RESULTS: Between September 2004 and June 2005, 572 children were included, 268 in period A and 304 in period B. Comparison of CRP results by the two methods showed for 247 children (93%) a fairly good linear correlation (r: 0.929). Blood cell count was the most often prescribed test (99.4 vs 10.5%). Conversely to chest radiography, blood culture, fibrinogen and urinary test were significantly most frequent in period A. The average cost of the additional examinations was 2.6 times more important during the first period. Duration of children management in the units was approximately two times shorter when rapid CRP test was used (199.7+/-92.8 vs 103.5+/-98.6 min). CONCLUSION: This study shows the interest of rapid CRP test for febrile children in the emergency units, and has to be confirmed in ambulatory paediatric practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Relationship between clinical signs and symptoms and nasopharyngeal flora in acute otitis media.

Possible links between the clinical signs and symptoms of acute otitis media and the composition of the nasopharyngeal flora were investigated by reviewing the files of 1807 children enrolled in four randomised, multicentre trials. A standard protocol was used, nasopharyngeal samples were cultured, and signs and symptoms were recorded. Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae was associated positively with conjunctivitis (OR 4.83, 95% CI 3.76-6.20) and negatively with fever (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.86). Carriage of pneumococci was associated positively with fever (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08-1.63) and negatively with conjunctivitis (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.40-0.63).

Carrier State↗
PubMed2005

[French paediatrician and general practitioner's survey about actual and future BCG use].

Within the context of future multipuncture withdrawal, we managed, in April 2005, a survey on BCG vaccine habits. During April 2005, 636 paediatricians and 192 GP took part in a survey about BCG, practices managed by InfoVac-France, InVS and AFPA. Most of physicians (73.6%) don't use Mantoux test before BCG vaccination in children less than 6 months old, and the Monovax is the most frequent vaccine used (93.7%). Less than 30% physicians are thinking to be ready to systematically vaccine children after prospected withdrawal of multipuncture vaccination, and almost 1 pediatrician of 5 and one GP of 7 don't want to vaccine anymore. In future, preferred option after Monovax withdrawal is to vaccinate with BCG only the high risk population for tuberculosis (59%). About 60% physicians think that parents could be opposed to intradermal immunization. More than 2/3 of physicians have not an assistant (except the parents) to contain the children during the intradermal injection (71.6%). It seems not acceptable for 2/3 of physicians to address their patients to colleagues or to specialized structures.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Rotavirus nosocomial infection in pediatric units. A multicentric observation study].

OBJECTIVE: Rotavirus nosocomial infection (RNI) is frequent in pediatric units. This study was designed to determine the incidence and the main risk factors of RNI in children aged 3 months-3 years and admitted for at least 48 hours days during the epidemic period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A stool sample was obtained within the 24 hours of admission. An additional sample was collected from rotavirus-negative children either the day of discharge, or when they developed abnormal clinical signs. Parents were contacted by phone after discharge. Children initially rotavirus-negative and positive 2 days or more after admission were considered as certain nosocomial cases. In the absence of the second sample, possible nosocomial cases were considered if new symptoms (i.e.; fever and or digestive symptoms) occurred 2 days or more after the first negative sample. RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen children were included. The incidence was 11.1% for certain NRI, 16.8% for possible hospital-acquired cases and 19.4% for the whole cases. Possible risk factors were the low number of nurses during the weekend, the great number of medicine students in the unit, and no use of individual material. CONCLUSION: NRI have a high incidence, whose reality can only be approximated by taking into account the possible NRI occurring at home after hospital-discharge.

Child, Hospitalized↗
PubMed2000

Five vs. ten days of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in young children.

BACKGROUND: Many publications in recent years have argued in favor of shortened therapy for acute otitis media. However, doubt persists regarding children younger than 2 years, and some authors therefore restrict short course therapy to children older than 2 years. METHODS: In a prospective, comparative, double blind, randomized, multicenter trial we compared cefpodoxime-proxetil, 8 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 10 days, with an identical 5-day regimen followed by a 5-day placebo period. RESULTS: Between October, 1996, and April, 1997, 450 children (mean age, 14.3 months) were enrolled, 227 in the 5-day group and 223 in the 10-day group. In the per protocol analysis clinical success was obtained on Days 12 to 14 after the beginning of treatment (main analysis) in 175 (84.1%) of the 208 children receiving the 5-day regimen and 194 (92.4%) of the 210 children receiving the 10-day regimen (P = 0.009). The superiority of the standard regimen was more marked among children cared for outside their homes (92.5% vs. 81.5%). Clinical success persisted on Days 28 to 42 among 134 (85.4%) of the 157 assessable patients in the 5-day group and 144 (83.7%) of the 172 assessable patients in the 10-day group (P = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS: The 10-day regimen resulted in a higher success rate at the conclusion of therapy, but there were no differences between the two study groups 4 to 6 weeks after enrollment in the study protocol.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Utilization of rapid diagnostic tests for group A streptococcus and and bacteriologic and clinical correlations with acute angina in general medicine].

OBJECTIVES: A prospective study was conducted between November 1995 and May 1996 by 130 general practitioners in France to assess feasibility of a rapid routine diagnostic test for group A streptococcus infection in a general medicine setting and to search for bacteriological and clinical correlations. METHODS: A routine diagnostic test was performed in all patients presenting acute pharyngitis and cultures were ordered in case of positive tests. Among the 2,800 patients included, there were 563 children under 14 years and 2,226 adults. The routine diagnostic test was positive in 393 cases (14%). A culture was obtained in 375 case and isolated group A streptococcus in 324 (11.5% of the total population). The positive predictive value of the routine diagnostic test was 86.4% in this general medicine setting. RESULTS: Comparing clinical signs with the results of the routine diagnostic test showed that an erythematous pultaceous aspect of the pharynx, severe dysphagia and the presence of enlarged nodes were more frequent in patients with streptococcal pharyngitis. The association of these 3 clinical signs with fever > 38 degrees C was also more frequent in patients with a positive routine diagnostic test (OR = 3.3; 95% CI = 2.5-4.4). The triad hoarseness + cough + rhinorrhea was more frequent in subjects with a positive routine diagnostic test (22.7% versus 9%; OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 2.1-4.3). CONCLUSION: The general practitioners who participated in this study found the routine diagnostic test for group A streptococcal pharyngitis was easy to use and compatible with everyday practice. This diagnostic tool was seen as a progress in the management of acute pharyngitis, but only 53.7% of the practitioners were willing to use antibiotics only for cases where a highly specific routine diagnostic test performed during the consultation identifies group A streptococcus. Lack of reimbursement by the national health assurance however makes it impossible to use this test routinely in the general medicine setting.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of 5 versus 10 days of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in young children.

BACKGROUND: All but 2 of the 15 published trials have failed to show a difference in efficacy between short (3 to 5 days) and standard (7 to 10 days) antibiotic regimens for acute otitis media (AOM). These studies involved relatively few patients under 2 years of age, who are at a higher risk for treatment failure. METHODS: In a prospective, comparative, double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial, we compared amoxicillin/clavulanate in 3 divided doses for 10 days with an identical 5-day regimen, followed by a 5-day placebo period. RESULTS: Between February 1995 and May 1996, 385 children (mean age, 13.3 months) were enrolled, 194 in the 5-day treatment group and 191 in the 10-day treatment group. In the per protocol analysis, clinical success was obtained on days 12 to 14 after the beginning of treatment (main analysis) in 125 (76.7%) of the 163 children receiving the 5-day regimen and 148 (88.1%) of the 168 receiving the 10-day regimen (P = .006). Clinical success persisted on days 28 to 42 among 57 (40.4%) of the 141 assessable patients in the 5-day group and 64 (46%) of the 139 assessable patients in the 10-day group. (P = .34). Multivariate analysis showed that the 10-day course was statistically superior only among children cared for outside their homes (86.8% vs 70.8%; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: When assessed on days 12 to 14 after the outset of treatment, a 5-day regimen is not equivalent to a 10-day regimen among young children with AOM.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Exploration of 112 children suspected of amoxicillin allergy. Indications and efficacy of oral provocation test].

BACKGROUND: One to 10% of treatments using betalactams, particularly synthetic penicillin, are complicated by allergic reactions, usually cutaneous, and not easily imputable to immunologic sensitization in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to identify, using cutaneous and biological tests, those from a group of 112 children suspected of amoxicillin allergy (evidenced by rash) who were actually sensitized, and to confirm the absence of allergy in others by an oral provocation test (OPT) associated to a long-term survey. The cutaneous tests were made by prick test and intra-dermo reaction (IDR) with Allergopen and with amoxicillin or amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. The biological tests included examination for penicillin and amoxicillin antibodies by using various techniques including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgE, FARR, radioallergo sorbent test (RAST) and a histaminoliberation. When these tests were negative, an OPT with the suspected antibiotic was subsequently performed. RESULTS: Thirty-nine children (36.4%) confidently presented at least one positive cutaneous test (38 Allergopen, ten amoxicillin); 25 biological tests were positive (16 ELISA IgE, one ELISA IgG and eight histaminolibarations), seven times with negative cutaneous test. Forty-five children were judged to be sensitized to amoxicillin, with only one who subsequently took amoxicillin again. Among the 67 others, 52 received an OPT, six of them with moderate cutaneous reactions. Fifty-one (45.5%) children were allergic and 46 (41%) were allowed to take amoxicillin again; 17 did, one of them with a benign cutaneous reaction. CONCLUSION: Efficacy and safety of this type of investigation seems clear; it will have to be confirmed by other studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Change in nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae resulting from antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in children.

BACKGROUND: Acute otitis media is the leading reason for antibiotic prescriptions in childhood. The increase in antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae is generally attributed to the extensive use of antibiotics and the selective pressure on the bacterial strains of the nasopharyngeal flora. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the change in nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae during antibiotic therapy prescribed for acute otitis media. METHODS: Between October, 1993, and March, 1994, we conducted a clinical trial comparing cefpodoxime-proxetil and amoxicillin-clavulanate in acute otitis media. From 364 children, 4 months to 4.5 years old, a nasopharyngeal sample was obtained before and after treatment. Antibiotic susceptibility was established by determining minimal inhibitory concentrations by the agar dilution method. Serotype and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis were used to compare pre- and posttreatment S. pneumoniae strains. RESULTS: The risk for a child to carry penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (MIC > or = 0.125 mg/l) did not increase after antibiotic treatment: 84 of 364 (23.1%) before, 70 of 364 (19.2%) after. There was a significant decrease of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae carriage, 117 of 364 (32.1%) before treatment compared with 24 of 364 (6.6%) (P = 0.0001) after treatment. However, among the children carrying S. pneumoniae at the end of the treatment there was an increase in the percentage of penicillin-resistant pneumococci: 84 of 201 (41.8%) before treatment and 70 of 94 (74.5%) after treatment. Among the 94 children carrying S. pneumoniae at the end of the treatment, 22 did not harbor pneumococcus before, 16 carried another genotypically different serotype and 56 harbored the same serotype. Among these 56 children 2 patients harbored strains that had increased MICs for the tested beta-lactam antibiotics. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis showed that in one case, the strains were genetically different. CONCLUSIONS: These data illustrate that antibiotic therapy did not increase the rate at which children carried penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, but there was an increase in the rate of resistance among the children carrying pneumococci at the end of the treatment, mainly as a result of reduction of susceptible strains.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Acute otitis media in children: a study of nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens and therapeutic efficacy of cefixime and amoxicillin-clavulanate.

We conducted a large, multicenter, randomized, open-label study throughout France comparing the efficacy and safety of cefixime suspension (8 mg/kg/day, b.i.d., for 10 days) versus amoxicillin-clavulanate suspension (80 mg/kg/day, t.i.d., for 10 days) in 510 children (ages 6 to 36 months) with acute otitis media. The most frequent microorganisms colonizing the nasopharynx at the start of treatment were Streptococcus pneumoniae (51.5%), Haemophilus influenzae (45%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (30.2%). Rates of beta-lactamase positivity were 32.1% and 95.3% for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, respectively. Decreased susceptibility of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was found in 39.7% of isolates. Clinical efficacy was 87.8% (223/254) for cefixime and 87.0% (215/247) for amoxicillin-clavulanate. At the 5-week follow-up visit, relapse had occurred in 15.7% (31/197) of cefixime-treated patients and in 15.6% (32/205) of those treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate. We conclude that these two regimens are equally effective in acute otitis media in children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Antibiotherapy as first choice in infectious meningitis].

The choice of antibiotics in bacterial meningitis must integrate several parameters. i) The bacterial epidemiology of community acquired meningitis: Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) represents more than 95% of cases; ii) The increase of antibiotic bacterial resistance, particularly preoccupying for Sp; iii) The microbiological properties and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, especially their penetration in CSF: the concentrations achieved must be several times higher than the MBC. In fact, CSF is not favourable to the antibiotic activity; iv) The results of clinical comparative trials; v) The contribution of animal models to the knowledge of meningitis physiopathology. Third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone) satisfy this objective for Hi, Nm, and penicillin sensitive strains of Sp. For penicillin resistant Sp, no treatment can achieve antibiotic CSF concentrations higher than ten times the MBC. An increase in dosage of cephalosporins, the use of an other regimen (Vancomycin or imipenem) and antibiotic association (rifamycin, fosfomycin) are needed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Cefaclor versus penicillin V in staphylococcal infections in children].

Although rheumatic fever virtually no longer occurs in France, pharyngitis due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (ABHS) remains a common pediatric problem. American studies have underscored the high rate of bacteriologic treatment failures and recurrences of ABHS pharyngitis. Furthermore, several comparative studies have demonstrated that cephalosporins provide better results on these two parameters. This prospective randomized study compared the effectiveness of penicillin V (50,000 to 100,000 IU/kg/day in three divided doses) and Cefaclor (20 to 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses), each given for ten consecutive days. From September 1989 through October 1990, 117 children (mean age 5.7 years) were entered into the study. All study subjects were seen as outpatients and found to have ABHS pharyngitis on the basis of a rapid screening test and confirmatory bacteriologic studies. Cefaclor was given to 56 patients and penicillin V to 61. Reevaluation with a repeat bacteriologic study was performed in all patients at the end of the treatment period, or earlier in the event of new clinical manifestations, and towards D40. Among patients given penicillin V, bacteriologic failure rate at completion of therapy was 19.6%, clinical failure rate on D10 was 8%, and recurrence rate on D40 was 16.5%. Cefaclor exhibited greater bacteriologic and clinical effectiveness, with 3.4% bacteriologic failures on D10 (p less than 0.01), 1.7% clinical failures on D10, 8.9% clinical recurrences between D10 and D40, and an overall 10.6% rate of failure or recurrence (p = 0.05).

Adolescent↗