PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Fabiola Atzeni

Publications and source records attributed to Fabiola Atzeni.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Sex hormone concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are not normalized during 12 weeks of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone are markedly lower in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in controls. In contrast, compared to controls, serum levels of estrogens are normal or elevated in women with RA. Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alters production of these hormones, we investigated changes of these hormones during anti-TNF antibody (anti-TNF) therapy with adalimumab in longstanding RA. METHODS: In this longitudinal anti-TNF therapy study in 13 patients with long-standing RA without prior prednisolone (7 infusions of anti-TNF: Week 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12), we measured serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), androstenedione, DHEA, DHEAS, free testosterone, estrone, and 17ss-estradiol. Levels of these hormones in patients were compared to serum levels of 31 age and sex matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Upon treatment with anti-TNF, there was an impressive decrease of clinical markers of inflammation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum levels of IL-6. Serum levels of DHEAS and free testosterone were markedly lower at baseline in patients compared to controls, but this did not change during anti-TNF therapy. Serum levels of DHEA and 17ss-estradiol were significantly elevated in patients compared to controls, but similarly, anti-TNF therapy did not change initially increased levels. Molar ratios of hormones, which reflect hormone shifts via converting enzymes, showed typical alterations at baseline, but did not change markedly during anti-TNF therapy. CONCLUSION: Longterm therapy with anti-TNF did not change altered serum levels of typical sex hormones in patients with RA, although baseline values were largely different. In patients with RA, this indicates that alterations of sex hormones and altered activity of respective converting enzymes are imprinted for a long-lasting period over at least 12 weeks.

Adalimumab↗
PubMed2005

Abnormalities of cardiovascular neural control and reduced orthostatic tolerance in patients with primary fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain. Symptoms of orthostatic intolerance may also be present, suggesting underlying abnormalities of cardiovascular neural regulation. We tested the hypothesis that FM is characterized by sympathetic overactivity and alterations in cardiovascular autonomic response to gravitational stimulus. METHODS: Sixteen patients with primary FM and 16 healthy controls underwent electrocardiography examination, finger blood pressure, respiration, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) recordings at rest and during stepwise tilt test, up to 75 degrees . The autonomic profile was assessed by MSNA, plasma catecholamine, and spectral indices of cardiac sympathetic (LFRR in normalized units, NU) and vagal (HFRR both in absolute and NU) modulation and of sympathetic vasomotor control (LFSAP) computed by spectrum analysis of RR and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability. Arterial baroreflex function was evaluated by the SAP/RR spontaneous-sequences technique, the index a, and the gain of MSNA/diastolic pressure relationship during stepwise tilt test. RESULTS: At rest, patients showed higher values of heart rate, MSNA, LFRR NU, LF/HF, LFSAP, and reduced HFRR than controls. During tilt test, lack of increase of MSNA, less decrease of HFRR, and excessive rate (44%) of syncope were found in patients, suggesting reduced capability to enhance the sympathetic activity to vessels and withdraw the vagal modulation to sino-atrial node. Baroreflex function was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Patients with FM have an overall enhancement of cardiovascular sympathetic activity while recumbent. Lack of increased sympathetic discharge to vessels and decreased cardiac vagal activity characterize their autonomic profile during tilt test, and might account for the excessive rate of syncope.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

New developments in our understanding of DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis).

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) or Forestier's disease is a common disorder among older adults. The diagnosis is based solely on radiographic abnormalities defined using the Resnick criteria. DISH is characterized by ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and various extraspinal ligaments. DISH often coexists with OA, but patients affected by this disorder differ from patients with primary OA in several aspects: prevalence in the general population, gender distribution, anatomic site of primary involvement, magnitude and distribution in the spine and the peripheral joints. Purpose of this review is to summarize new clinical, pathogenetic and therapeutic insights of this disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies confirm that patients with DISH have a greater body mass index, higher serum uric acid levels and are more likely to have diabetes mellitus. In addition, DISH is most probably related to abnormal bone cell growth/activity reflecting the influence of metabolic factors that lead to new bone formation. Serum matrix Gla protein may be a marker of osteometabolic syndromes, such as DISH, that cause hyperostosis. SUMMARY: Many recent developments of DISH are described in this review. Possible pathogenetic mechanism driving bone deposition are discussed. DISH is still recognized radiographically; no specific drug has been yet identified.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Cyclic alternating pattern: a new marker of sleep alteration in patients with fibromyalgia?

OBJECTIVE: In the dynamic organization of sleep, cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) expresses a condition of instability of the level of vigilance that manifests the brain's fatigue in preserving and regulating the macrostructure of sleep. We evaluated the presence of CAP in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to healthy controls. METHODS: Forty-five patients with FM (42 women) were studied and compared with 38 healthy subjects (36 women) matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Entry criteria were diagnosis of FM according to 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria; willingness to participate in the study; and having no other diagnosis of autoimmune, neoplastic, or other possible causes of secondary diffuse musculoskeletal pain. Patients in the study underwent polysomnography recordings and a sleep questionnaire. Hypersomnolence was evaluated according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: FM patients had less sleep efficiency (sleep time/time in bed) than controls (79 +/- 10 vs 89 +/- 6; p < 0.01), a higher proportion of stage 1 non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep (20 +/- 5 vs 12 +/- 5; p < 0.001), and twice as many arousals per hour of sleep (9.7 +/- 3.3 vs 4.1 +/- 1.9; p < 0.01). The CAP rate (total CAP time/non-REM sleep time) was significantly increased in FM patients compared to controls (68 +/- 6% vs 45 +/- 11%; p < 0.001). CAP rate seemed to correlate with the severity of clinical symptoms in FM patients (tender points index; p < 0.01) and with less efficiency of sleep (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The increase of CAP rate indicates a worse quality of sleep in patients with FM. These data are strongly correlated to the severity of symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

An open, randomized comparison study of cyclosporine A, cyclosporine A + methotrexate and cyclosporine A + hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of early severe rheumatoid arthritis.

PURPOSE: To determine whether a regimen of cyclosporine (CSA) and methotrexate (MTX), or CSA and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) introduced in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can produce a significant improvement in clinical outcome and/or retard radiographic damage in comparison with standard monotherapy with CSA alone. METHODS: One hundred five patients with active RA of less than 36 months duration, who had never previously been treated with immunosuppressive agents, were included in a 12-month, multi-center, open, randomized trial. Patients who fulfilled the criteria for early severe RA were randomized to receive either combination therapy (CSA + MTX n = 34, CSA + HCQ n = 35) or CSA alone (n = 36). RESULTS: CSA + MTX was more effective than the other two treatment groups in controlling RA symptoms. CSA+MTX did not show a significant radiographic progression according to Larsen-Dale (0.90 +/- 3.89 compared to baseline values, P > 0.05); moreover, patients treated with CSA alone or CSA+HCQ showed a significant worsening of Larsen-Dale score (2.91 +/- 5.99 and 2.97 +/- 4.28 respectively vs baseline values, P < 0.05), although not significant when compared with the CSA + HCQ group (P = 0.56 and 0.39, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This trial indicated that CSA+MTX was more effective than the other two treatments in improving clinical data and inhibiting radiographic progression, although the differences were not significant in this relatively small study. However, the difference was significant in favor of CSA + MTX regarding ACR 50% response.

Antirheumatic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Correlation of the score for subjective pain with physical disability, clinical and radiographic scores in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: To analyse the relationship between subjective pain score and other measures of clinical, radiographic and functional status; in particular Larsen radiographic scores and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ); in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a disease duration of less than 3 years. METHODS: In this cross sectional study of 105 patients with RA (76 women, 29 men: mean age 50.93; mean disease duration 15.86 months; 71% rheumatoid factor positive) subjective pain was assessed according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Correlation coefficients between pain score and disease activity measures (patients' global assessment of disease by VAS, number of tender and swollen joints, morning stiffness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP] and titre of rheumatoid factor, radiographic evaluations (Larsen-Dale scores for radiographic damage of the small joints of the hands, wrist and feet), disability measures (health assessment questionnaire [HAQ]), and demographic variables were calculated; hierarchical regression analysis was done with subjective pain score as the dependent variable. RESULTS: The Spearman's correlation coefficient comparing subjective pain and HAQ was 0.421 (p < 0.001), between subjective pain and global assessment of disease and morning stiffness was 0.573 (p < 0.001) and 0.427 (p < 0.001) respectively, and between pain and number of tender and swollen joints 0.037 and 0.050 respectively (p > 0.05). In regression analysis, global assessment of disease by patients explained 32.8% of the variation in pain intensity score, morning stiffness 10.7%, CRP 4.0%, HAQ 3.8% and Larsen-Dale scores explained 2.1%; other variables were not significant in the model. CONCLUSIONS: Pain scores of patients with early severe rheumatoid arthritis are correlated at higher levels with patients' global assessment of disease and with morning stiffness rather than with radiographic or other clinical variables such as number of tender and swollen joints.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Induction of CD69 activation molecule on human neutrophils by GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and IFN-alpha.

The CD69 glycoprotein is an early activation antigen of T and B lymphocytes but it expression is induced in vitro on cells of most hematopoietic lineages, including neutrophils after stimulation with PMA or fMLP. In this study, we investigated whether CD69 expression on human neutrophils could be modulated by inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma). Resting neutrophils from healthy subjects did not express CD69 on the cell surface; moreover, a preformed intracellular pool of CD69 was not evident in these cells. CD69 was barely detectable on these cells after overnight incubation in medium while overnight incubation with GM-CSF, IFN-gamma or IFN-alpha significantly induced CD69 expression on neutrophils with GM-CSF appearing to be the most potent inducer. This induction was dependent on a new protein synthesis as it was significantly inhibited by cycloheximide (about 50% inhibition). CD69 cross-linking on GM-CSF-primed neutrophils sinergized with LPS and increased TNF-alpha production and secretion suggesting a role for CD69-positive neutrophils in the pathogenesis and maintenance of different inflammatory diseases.

Adult↗