Faith S Luyster | PubMed Health

PubMed2006

Age effects in time estimation: relationship to frontal brain morphometry.

Compared with many other cognitive functions, relatively little is known about time representation in the brain. Recent work shows disrupted timing and time estimation in older adults, although it is unclear whether these effects are the result of normal aging or disease-related processes. The present study examined time estimation in persons across the adult lifespan who were free from significant medical or psychiatric history. Results showed older adults exhibited greater variability in time estimation, but no evidence for systematic acceleration or slowing emerged. This variability was correlated with performance on a variety of cognitive tests including attention, working memory and executive function. Although no relationship emerged between time estimation and EEG indices from central regions, multiple MRI indices were significantly correlated with time estimation. Stepwise regression showed volume of the supplementary motor area predicted variability in time estimation. These results indicate that healthy aging is associated with altered time estimation and suggest that changes in frontal brain regions mediate these effects.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Resource loss predicts depression and anxiety among patients treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

OBJECTIVE: Many patients treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) experience clinically significant depression and anxiety after ICD implantation. As ICD use continues to evolve, it is important to understand the correlates of depression and anxiety to identify patients at greatest risk of poor psychological functioning. Conservation of resources theory, a general theory of stress, states that people experience greater stress if they perceive that they are losing personal, social, and material resources. We hypothesized that perceptions of resource loss would be related to symptoms of depression and anxiety after controlling for other known predictors. METHODS: One hundred patients treated with an ICD completed standardized depression and anxiety questionnaires along with questionnaires assessing social support, physical functioning, and resource loss. Clinical variables for patients were obtained from prospectively obtained medical records. RESULTS: Over 20% of the sample exhibited elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety. Patients' depression levels were associated with poor social support, poor physical functioning, a history of depression, and a greater length of time since ICD implantation. Having experienced one or more clinical ICD shocks was related to depression but not anxiety. Higher levels of perceived resource loss were associated with higher levels of both depression and anxiety after controlling for all other predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Resource loss may help to determine psychological distress after ICD implantation. Understanding how resource loss contributes to depression and anxiety may help to identify patients at greatest risk of poor psychological functioning and may suggest treatment strategies.

Adult↗