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Biomedical subjects

Faiz H Mumtaz

Publications and source records attributed to Faiz H Mumtaz.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The role of serotonin in tumour growth (review).

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) a monoamine neurotransmitter mediates a wide range of physiological actions in the human body. For example 5HT is implicated in psychiatric and neurological disorders and also plays a fundamental role in tumour growth, differentiation and gene expression. 5HT acts as a growth factor for several types of tumoural and non-tumoural cells. This review considers the role of 5HT and its receptors in the human body with particular reference to carcinogenesis. We conclude that 5HT causes growth proliferation and 5HT antagonists cause growth inhibition in a variety of tumour cells (e.g. prostate carcinoma, lung carcinoma and colonic carcinoma). Therefore, further studies should look into the potential use of 5HT antagonists in the treatment of cancer.

Cell Line, Tumor↗
PubMed2004

Erectile dysfunction: a need for greater awareness.

Research has led to effective treatment regimes for erectile dysfunction (ED). Convincing evidence links vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and smoking) with ED. This association is not surprising since the corpus cavernosum is a modified vascular tissue. This review presents a brief account of the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of ED. There is a need to raise awareness of this condition and to make appropriate treatment available to patients.

Awareness↗
PubMed2004

Understanding prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer affecting men in Europe and the USA. The incidence of prostate cancer has risen by 60-75% in the Western world in the last 15 years. One in twelve men over the age of 60 develop prostate cancer and this figure is expected to rise to three in twelve in the next 20 years. Early prostate cancer often does not cause symptoms. However, patients may present with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and therefore, such patients should be investigated. Effective treatment in the form of surgery and radiotherapy is availabLe for individuals with localised disease, and the effectiveness of different combination therapy is being assessed to improve the outcome further. Approximately 20% of the patients have metastatic disease on presentation. The mainstay of treatment for these patients is androgen ablation therapy; however patients on this regime eventually relapse and develop an androgen independent tumour. This aggressive stage of the disease carries a high morbidity and mortality. At present the treatment for such hormone refractory prostate cancer is inadequate and the desperate search for alternative forms of therapy continues.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed2004

Benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition, which increases with increasing age. Although not a life-threatening condition, BPH can significantly affect quality of life. BPH manifests clinically with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and may be associated with sexual dysfunction. As many as 60% of men aged 60 years have some degree of clinical BPH. With the projected increases in the distribution of people over the age of 60, BPH isset to become an even greater problem in men's health.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Cancers of the bladder.

Bladder cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in Europe and the fourth most common malignancy in the United States. It affects one in 4000 people and accounts for 5% of all diagnosed cancers. The peak incidence is in the fifth and seventh decade. There is a strong association between smoking and bladder cancer. Smokers have a fourfold higher incidence of developing bladder cancer than the general population. The disease has a spectrum of clinical severity varying from superficial bladder cancer to muscle invasive or metastatic disease which carries a poor prognosis. Currently the superficial form of the disease is managed by endoscopic resection of the tumour, often followed by the instillation into the bladder of cytotoxic agents. Due to the tendency of bladder cancer to recur repeated cystoscopies and resections are often required. Because of this, one of the main thrusts of research is to find a way of preventing the progression from superficial disease to muscle invasive and metastatic bladder cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Reduction of endothelin-1 binding and inhibition of endothelin-1-mediated detrusor contraction by naftidrofuryl.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) causes urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction and the endothelin receptors A and B (ET(A) and ET(B)) are both known to be present in the rabbit urinary bladder. Alterations in ET-1 signalling have been implicated in the pathophysiology of urinary tract disorders secondary to bladder outlet obstruction and also in diabetic cystopathy. Naftidrofuryl (Naf) (marketed under the trade name Praxilene) improves walking distance in patients with peripheral vascular disease, an effect which may be partially attributed to ET-1 antagonism. The purpose of this study is to assess whether Naf will reduce ET-1 binding in the rabbit detrusor muscle and to assess whether there is inhibition of ET-1-mediated detrusor contraction. Detrusor smooth muscle strips were mounted in organ baths and cumulative response curves were measured for ET-1-mediated contractions in the presence and absence of 10(-6) M Naf (therapeutic concentration). In addition, ET-1 was added to the detrusor strips in the presence of the ET(A) antagonist, BQ123, and the ET(B) antagonist, BQ788, to identify the receptor subtype functionally involved. Overall inhibition of [(125)I]ET-1 binding by Naf was assessed using autoradiography. Identification of receptor-subtype binding reduction was assessed using the radioligands [(125)I]PD151242 and [(125)I]BQ3020. Naf inhibited ET-1-mediated detrusor contractions significantly (P<0.04), e.g. at 10(-10) M ET-1, contraction was completely abolished by Naf. Autoradiography indicated that Naf competitively inhibited [(125)I]ET-1 binding in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50)=3x10(-7) M). All radioligand binding was reduced indicating binding of Naf to both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors. Naf reduces binding of ET-1 to rabbit detrusor ET(A) and ET(B) receptors and inhibits ET-1-induced detrusor contractions mediated by ET(A) receptors. Naf may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of bladder disorders secondary to bladder outlet obstruction and diabetes mellitus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth inhibitory effect of doxazosin on prostate and bladder cancer cells. Is the serotonin receptor pathway involved?

UNLABELLED: Doxazosin, an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, is used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hypertension. Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists also inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in malignant prostatic cells. The apoptotic activity is independent of their capacity to antagonize alpha-adrenoceptors. The effect of doxazosin on the growth of prostate and bladder cancer cell lines was assessed and whether the growth inhibitory effect of doxazosin on prostate cancer cells is serotonin (5-hydroxtryptamine; 5HT)-dependent was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PC3 (androgen-independent prostate cancer) and HT1376 (grade III transitional cell carcinoma) cells were plated. The cells were incubated with doxazosin. After 72 h, cell viability was assessed (crystal violet assay). Studies were also performed after incubating the PC3 cells with 5HT or 5HT(1B) agonists for a short duration, followed by the addition of doxazosin. Cell viability was assessed at 72 h. RESULTS: Doxazosin caused a dose-dependent inhibition of PC3 and HT1376 cell growth with a maximum inhibition of 80% (n=12, p < 0.0001) and 91% (n=12, p < 0.0001), respectively, at a concentration of 10(-4)M, at 72 h. Incubation of PC3 cells with 5HT or 5HT(1B) agonist, followed by addition of doxazosin, increased the percent of viable cells as compared to when the cells were treated with doxazosin alone. CONCLUSION: Doxazosin significantly inhibited prostate (PC3) and bladder cancer (HT1376) cell growth. Furthermore, prior incubation of PC3 cells with 5HT or 5HT(1B) agonist increased cell viability as compared to treatment with doxazosin alone. These findings may be related to the similarity between subtype 1 serotonin and adrenergic receptors. The effect of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists on tumour cell growth merits further investigation.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists↗